1
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Rodriguez-Algaba J, Villegas D, Cantero-Martínez C, Patpour M, Berlin A, Hovmøller MS, Jin Y, Justesen AF. Recombination in the wheat stem rust pathogen mediated by an indigenous barberry species in Spain. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1322406. [PMID: 38293628 PMCID: PMC10825791 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1322406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The comeback of wheat stem rust in Europe, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, and the prevalence of the alternate (sexual) host in local areas have recently regained attention as a potential threat to European wheat production. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential epidemiological link between the aecia found on an indigenous barberry species and stem rust infections on nearby cereals and grasses. Aecial infections collected from Berberis vulgaris subsp. seroi were inoculated on a panel of susceptible genotypes of major cereal crop species. In total, 67 stem rust progeny isolates were recovered from wheat (51), barley (7), and rye (9), but none from oat, indicating the potential of barberry derived isolates to infect multiple cereals. Molecular genotyping of the progeny isolates and 20 cereal and grass stem rust samples collected at the same locations and year, revealed a clear genetic relatedness between the progeny isolated from barberry and the stem rust infections found on nearby cereal and grass hosts. Analysis of Molecular Variance indicated that variation between the stem rust populations accounted for only 1%. A Principal Components Analysis using the 62 detected multilocus genotypes also demonstrated a low degree of genetic variation among isolates belonging to the two stem rust populations. Lastly, pairwise comparisons based on fixation index (Fst), Nei's genetic distances and number of effective migrants (Nm) revealed low genetic differentiation and high genetic exchange between the two populations. Our results demonstrated a direct epidemiological link and functionality of an indigenous barberry species as the sexual host of P. graminis in Spain, a factor that should be considered when designing future strategies to prevent stem rust in Europe and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Rodriguez-Algaba
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Dolors Villegas
- Sustainable Field Crops, IRTA, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Mehran Patpour
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Anna Berlin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mogens S. Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Yue Jin
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States
| | - Annemarie F. Justesen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
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2
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Hovmøller MS, Thach T, Justesen AF. Global dispersal and diversity of rust fungi in the context of plant health. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 71:102243. [PMID: 36462410 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal of plant pathogens at the continental scale may have strong implications on plant health, in particular when incursions result in spread of disease to new territories where the disease was previously absent or insignificant. These dispersions may be caused by airborne transmission of spores or accidental spread via human travel and trade. Recent surveillance efforts of cereal rust fungi have demonstrated that incursion of new strains with superior fitness into areas where the disease is already established may have similar implications on plant health. Since dispersal events are highly stochastic, irrespective of transmission mechanism, critical mitigation efforts include preparedness by coordinated pathogen surveillance activities, host crop diversification, and breeding for disease resistance with low vulnerability to sudden changes in the pathogen population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogens S Hovmøller
- Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Global Rust Reference Center, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Tine Thach
- Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Global Rust Reference Center, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Annemarie F Justesen
- Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Global Rust Reference Center, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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3
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Abdedayem W, Patpour M, Laribi M, Justesen AF, Kouki H, Fakhfakh M, Hovmøller MS, Yahyaoui AH, Hamza S, Ben M’Barek S. Wheat Stem Rust Detection and Race Characterization in Tunisia. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:552. [PMID: 36771636 PMCID: PMC9919909 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate changes over the past 25 years have led to conducive conditions for invasive and transboundary fungal disease occurrence, including the re-emergence of wheat stem rust disease, caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (Pgt) in East Africa, Europe, and the Mediterranean basin. Since 2018, sporadic infections have been observed in Tunisia. In this study, we investigated Pgt occurrence at major Tunisian wheat growing areas. Pgt monitoring, assessment, and sampling from planted trap nurseries at five different locations over two years (2021 and 2022) revealed the predominance of three races, namely TTRTF (Clade III-B), TKKTF (Clade IV-F), and TKTTF (Clade IV-B). Clade III-B was the most prevalent in 2021 as it was detected at all locations, while in 2022 Pgt was only reported at Beja and Jendouba, with the prevalence of Clade IV-B. The low levels of disease incidence during these two years and Pgt population diversity suggest that this fungus most likely originated from exotic incursions and that climate factors could have caused disease establishment in Tunisia. Further evaluation under the artificial disease pressure of Tunisian wheat varieties and weather-based modeling for early disease detection in the Mediterranean area could be helpful in monitoring and predicting wheat stem rust emergence and epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wided Abdedayem
- National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT), 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- CRP Wheat Septoria Precision Phenotyping Platform, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Mehran Patpour
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Marwa Laribi
- CRP Wheat Septoria Precision Phenotyping Platform, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | | | - Hajer Kouki
- CRP Wheat Septoria Precision Phenotyping Platform, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Moez Fakhfakh
- Comptoir Multiservices Agricoles, 82, Avenue Louis Brailles, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | | | - Amor H. Yahyaoui
- CRP Wheat Septoria Precision Phenotyping Platform, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
- Borlaug Training Foundation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1170, USA
| | - Sonia Hamza
- National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT), 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Sarrah Ben M’Barek
- CRP Wheat Septoria Precision Phenotyping Platform, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
- Laboratory of ‘Appui à la Durabilité des Systèmes de Production Agricole Dans la Région du Nord-Ouest’, Higher School of Agriculture of Kef (ESAK), Regional Field Crops Research Center of Beja (CRRGC) BP 350, Beja 9000, Tunisia
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4
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Rodriguez-Algaba J, Hovmøller MS, Schulz P, Hansen JG, Lezáun JA, Joaquim J, Randazzo B, Czembor P, Zemeca L, Slikova S, Hanzalová A, Holdgate S, Wilderspin S, Mascher F, Suffert F, Leconte M, Flath K, Justesen AF. Stem rust on barberry species in Europe: Host specificities and genetic diversity. Front Genet 2022; 13:988031. [PMID: 36246643 PMCID: PMC9554944 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.988031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased emergence of cereal stem rust in southern and western Europe, caused by the pathogen Puccinia graminis, and the prevalence of alternate (sexual) host, Berberis species, have regained attention as the sexual host may serve as source of novel pathogen variability that may pose a threat to cereal supply. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the functional role of Berberis species in the current epidemiological situation of cereal stem rust in Europe. Surveys in 11 European countries were carried out from 2018 to 2020, where aecial infections from five barberry species were collected. Phylogenetic analysis of 121 single aecial clusters of diverse origin using the elongation factor 1-α gene indicated the presence of different special forms (aka formae speciales) of P. graminis adapted to different cereal and grass species. Inoculation studies using aecial clusters from Spain, United Kingdom, and Switzerland resulted in 533 stem rust isolates sampled from wheat, barley, rye, and oat, which confirmed the presence of multiple special forms of P. graminis. Microsatellite marker analysis of a subset of 192 sexually-derived isolates recovered on wheat, barley and rye from the three populations confirmed the generation of novel genetic diversity revealed by the detection of 135 multilocus genotypes. Discriminant analysis of principal components resulted in four genetic clusters, which grouped at both local and country level. Here, we demonstrated that a variety of Berberis species may serve as functional alternate hosts for cereal stem rust fungi and highlights the increased risks that the sexual cycle may pose to cereal production in Europe, which calls for new initiatives within rust surveillance, epidemiological research and resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Rodriguez-Algaba
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Julian Rodriguez-Algaba,
| | - Mogens S. Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Philipp Schulz
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany
| | - Jens G. Hansen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Juan Antonio Lezáun
- INTIA, Institute for Agrifood Technology and Infrastructures of Navarra, Villava, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jessica Joaquim
- Agroscope, Crop Plant Breeding and Genetic Ressources, Nyon, Switzerland
| | | | - Paweł Czembor
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Liga Zemeca
- Institute of Plant Protection Research “Agrihorts”, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | | | - Alena Hanzalová
- Crop Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Methods, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Holdgate
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Wilderspin
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Mascher
- Agroscope, Crop Plant Breeding and Genetic Ressources, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Suffert
- INRAE (French National Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment), Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Marc Leconte
- INRAE (French National Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment), Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Kerstin Flath
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany
| | - Annemarie F. Justesen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
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Athiyannan N, Long Y, Kang H, Chandramohan S, Bhatt D, Zhang Q, Klindworth DL, Rouse MN, Friesen TL, McIntosh R, Zhang P, Forrest K, Hayden M, Patpour M, Hovmøller MS, Hickey LT, Ayliffe M, Cai X, Lagudah ES, Periyannan S, Xu SS. Haplotype variants of Sr46 in Aegilops tauschii, the diploid D genome progenitor of wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2022; 135:2627-2639. [PMID: 35748907 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem rust resistance genes, SrRL5271 and Sr672.1 as well as SrCPI110651, from Aegilops tauschii, the diploid D genome progenitor of wheat, are sequence variants of Sr46 differing by 1-2 nucleotides leading to non-synonymous amino acid substitutions. The Aegilops tauschii (wheat D-genome progenitor) accessions RL 5271 and CPI110672 were identified as resistant to multiple races (including the Ug99) of the wheat stem rust pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt). This study was conducted to identify the stem rust resistance (Sr) gene(s) in both accessions. Genetic analysis of the resistance in RL 5271 identified a single dominant allele (SrRL5271) controlling resistance, whereas resistance segregated at two loci (SR672.1 and SR672.2) for a cross of CPI110672. Bulked segregant analysis placed SrRL5271 and Sr672.1 in a region on chromosome arm 2DS that encodes Sr46. Molecular marker screening, mapping and genomic sequence analysis demonstrated SrRL5271 and Sr672.1 are alleles of Sr46. The amino acid sequence of SrRL5271 and Sr672.1 is identical but differs from Sr46 (hereafter referred to as Sr46_h1 by following the gene nomenclature in wheat) by a single amino acid (N763K) and is thus designated Sr46_h2. Screening of a panel of Ae. tauschii accessions identified an additional allelic variant that differed from Sr46_h2 by a different amino acid (A648V) and was designated Sr46_h3. By contrast, the protein encoded by the susceptible allele of Ae. tauschii accession AL8/78 differed from these resistance proteins by 54 amino acid substitutions (94% nucleotide sequence gene identity). Cloning and complementation tests of the three resistance haplotypes confirmed their resistance to Pgt race 98-1,2,3,5,6 and partial resistance to Pgt race TTRTF in bread wheat. The three Sr46 haplotypes, with no virulent races detected yet, represent a valuable source for improving stem resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveenkumar Athiyannan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yunming Long
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Houyang Kang
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Sutha Chandramohan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Dhara Bhatt
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Qijun Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Daryl L Klindworth
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Centre, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. North, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Matthew N Rouse
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Timothy L Friesen
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Centre, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. North, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Robert McIntosh
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Peng Zhang
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | | | | | - Mehran Patpour
- Global Rust Reference Centre, Aarhus University, Forsogsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- Global Rust Reference Centre, Aarhus University, Forsogsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Lee T Hickey
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Ayliffe
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Xiwen Cai
- USDA-ARS, Wheat, Sorghum & Forage Research Unit, and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Evans S Lagudah
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Sambasivam Periyannan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Steven S Xu
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Centre, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. North, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Research Unit, Western Regional Research Centre, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA, 94710, USA.
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Villegas D, Bartaula R, Cantero‐Martínez C, Luster D, Szabo L, Olivera P, Berlin A, Rodriguez‐Algaba J, Hovmøller MS, McIntosh R, Jin Y. Barberry plays an active role as an alternate host of Puccinia graminis in Spain. Plant Pathol 2022; 71:1174-1184. [PMID: 35915821 PMCID: PMC9311844 DOI: 10.1111/ppa.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis, is a destructive group of diseases. The pathogen uses Berberis species as alternate hosts to complete its life cycle. B. vulgaris and the endemic species B. hispanica and B. garciae are present in Spain. The objective of this study was to investigate the functionality of the indigenous barberry as alternate hosts. Field surveys were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Huesca, Teruel and Albacete provinces of Spain. Aecial samples on barberry were analysed via infection assays and DNA analysis. B. garciae was predominant in Huesca and Teruel provinces, often found in the field margins of cereal crops. Aecial infections on B. garciae were observed in May and uredinial infections on cereal crops in June. Scattered B. hispanica bushes were occasionally found near cereal crops in Albacete, where aecial infections on B. hispanica were observed in June when most cereal crops were mature. Infection assays using aeciospores resulted in stem rust infections on susceptible genotypes of wheat, barley, rye and oat, indicating the presence of the sexual cycle for P. graminis f. sp. tritici, f. sp. secalis and f. sp. avenae. Sequence analyses from aecial samples supported this finding as well as the presence of Puccinia brachypodii. This study provides the first evidence that indigenous Berberis species play an active role in the sexual cycle of P. graminis under natural conditions in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Villegas
- IRTAInstitute of Agrifood Research and TechnologyLleidaSpain
| | - Radhika Bartaula
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMNUSA
| | | | - Douglas Luster
- USDA‐ARS Foreign Disease‐Weed Science Research UnitFt DetrickMDUSA
| | - Les Szabo
- USDA‐ARS Cereal Disease LaboratoryUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMNUSA
| | - Pablo Olivera
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMNUSA
| | - Anna Berlin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant PathologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Mogens S. Hovmøller
- Department of AgroecologyGlobal Rust Reference CenterAarhus UniversitySlagelseDenmark
| | - Robert McIntosh
- University of SydneyPlant Breeding InstituteSchool of Life and Environmental SciencesCobbittyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Yue Jin
- USDA‐ARS Cereal Disease LaboratoryUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMNUSA
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7
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Patpour M, Hovmøller MS, Rodriguez-Algaba J, Randazzo B, Villegas D, Shamanin VP, Berlin A, Flath K, Czembor P, Hanzalova A, Sliková S, Skolotneva ES, Jin Y, Szabo L, Meyer KJG, Valade R, Thach T, Hansen JG, Justesen AF. Wheat Stem Rust Back in Europe: Diversity, Prevalence and Impact on Host Resistance. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:882440. [PMID: 35720526 PMCID: PMC9202592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.882440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the re-emergence of a previously important crop pathogen in Europe, Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, causing wheat stem rust. The pathogen has been insignificant in Europe for more than 60 years, but since 2016 it has caused epidemics on both durum wheat and bread wheat in local areas in southern Europe, and additional outbreaks in Central- and West Europe. The prevalence of three distinct genotypes/races in many areas, Clade III-B (TTRTF), Clade IV-B (TKTTF) and Clade IV-F (TKKTF), suggested clonal reproduction and evolution by mutation within these. None of these genetic groups and races, which likely originated from exotic incursions, were detected in Europe prior to 2016. A fourth genetic group, Clade VIII, detected in Germany (2013), was observed in several years in Central- and East Europe. Tests of representative European wheat varieties with prevalent races revealed high level of susceptibility. In contrast, high diversity with respect to virulence and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were detected in local populations on cereals and grasses in proximity to Berberis species in Spain and Sweden, indicating that the alternate host may return as functional component of the epidemiology of wheat stem rust in Europe. A geographically distant population from Omsk and Novosibirsk in western Siberia (Russia) also revealed high genetic diversity, but clearly different from current European populations. The presence of Sr31-virulence in multiple and highly diverse races in local populations in Spain and Siberia stress that virulence may emerge independently when large geographical areas and time spans are considered and that Sr31-virulence is not unique to Ug99. All isolates of the Spanish populations, collected from wheat, rye and grass species, were succesfully recovered on wheat, which underline the plasticity of host barriers within P. graminis. The study demonstrated successful alignment of two genotyping approaches and race phenotyping methodologies employed by different laboratories, which also allowed us to line up with previous European and international studies of wheat stem rust. Our results suggest new initiatives within disease surveillance, epidemiological research and resistance breeding to meet current and future challenges by wheat stem rust in Europe and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Patpour
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens S. Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Mogens S. Hovmøller,
| | | | - Biagio Randazzo
- Società Semplice Agricola Randazzo (AS.A.R.), Palermo, Italy
| | - Dolors Villegas
- Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Anna Berlin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Flath
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Pawel Czembor
- Plant Breeding & Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Alena Hanzalova
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Methods, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | - Yue Jin
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Les Szabo
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | | | - Tine Thach
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Jens G. Hansen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Annemarie F. Justesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
- Annemarie F. Justesen,
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8
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Ding Y, Cuddy WS, Wellings CR, Zhang P, Thach T, Hovmøller MS, Qutob D, Brar GS, Kutcher HR, Park RF. Incursions of divergent genotypes, evolution of virulence and host jumps shape a continental clonal population of the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:6566-6584. [PMID: 34543497 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Long-distance migration and host adaptation by transboundary plant pathogens often brings detrimental effects to important agroecosystems. Efficient surveillance as a basis for responding to the dynamics of such pathogens is often hampered by a lack of information on incursion origin, evolutionary pathways and the genetic basis of rapidly evolving virulence across larger timescales. Here, we studied these genetic features by using historical isolates of the obligate biotrophic pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), which causes one of the most widespread and devastating diseases, stripe (yellow) rust, of wheat. Through a combination of genotypic, phenotypic and genomic analyses, we assigned eight Pst isolates representing putative exotic Pst incursions into Australia to four previously defined genetic groups, PstS0, PstS1, PstS10 and PstS13. We showed that isolates of an additional incursion of P. striiformis, known locally as P. striiformis f. sp. pseudo-hordei, had a new and unique multilocus SSR genotype (MLG). We provide results of overall genomic variation of representative Pst isolates from each genetic group by comparative genomic analyses. We showed that isolates within the PstS1 and PstS13 genetic groups are most distinct at the whole-genome variant level from isolates belonging to genetic group PstS0, whereas the isolate from the PstS10 genetic group is intermediate. We further explored variable gene content, including putative effectors, representing both shared but also unique genetic changes that have occurred following introduction, some of which may additionally account for local adaptation of these isolates to triticale. Our genotypic and genomic data revealed new genetic insights into the evolution of diverse phenotypes of rust pathogens following incursion into a geographically isolated continental region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
| | - Will S Cuddy
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Colin R Wellings
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia.,NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
| | - Tine Thach
- Department of Agroecology, Global Rust Reference Center, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology, Global Rust Reference Center, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Dinah Qutob
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University at Stark, North Canton, ON, USA
| | - Gurcharn S Brar
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hadley R Kutcher
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Robert F Park
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
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9
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Rodriguez-Algaba J, Hovmøller MS, Villegas D, Cantero-Martínez C, Jin Y, Justesen AF. Two Indigenous Berberis Species From Spain Were Confirmed as Alternate Hosts of the Yellow Rust Fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Plant Dis 2021; 105:2281-2285. [PMID: 33630692 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-21-0269-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, which causes yellow (or stripe) rust on wheat, is a macrocyclic and heteroecious fungus. In this study, we investigated whether Berberis vulgaris subsp. seroi and B. vulgaris subsp. australis, which are indigenous in Spain, may serve as alternate hosts for P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. Wheat leaves bearing telia of an isolate of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici were harvested and used to inoculate plants of both barberry subspecies. Pycnia were observed on the adaxial side of the leaves from 10 days after inoculation (dai). Following successful fertilization, aecia were observed on the abaxial side of the leaves from 16 dai. At 27 dai, barberry leaves bearing aecia were detached and used to inoculate susceptible wheat seedlings of cultivar Morocco. Uredinia were observed on wheat seedlings from 12 days after aeciospore exposure. Eighty-three single lesions were recovered from individual wheat leaves, of which 43 were genotyped using 19 P. striiformis f. sp. tritici simple sequence repeat markers (SSR). In total, 19 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified among the 43 progeny isolates. The SSR genotyping confirmed that all 43 isolates were derived from the parental isolate. Seven heterozygous SSR markers showed segregation among the progenies, whereas none of the 12 homozygous markers resulted in segregation. These results demonstrated that B. vulgaris subspp. seroi and australis can serve as alternate hosts for P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, which may result in novel virulence combinations that can have a detrimental impact on wheat production. Although P. striiformis f. sp. tritici has not been detected on these barberry species in nature, this study highlights the importance of rust surveillance in barberry areas where suitable conditions for completion of the sexual life cycle may be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodriguez-Algaba
- Global Rust Reference Center, Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - M S Hovmøller
- Global Rust Reference Center, Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - D Villegas
- IRTA, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Y Jin
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - A F Justesen
- Global Rust Reference Center, Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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10
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Radhakrishnan GV, Cook NM, Bueno-Sancho V, Lewis CM, Persoons A, Mitiku AD, Heaton M, Davey PE, Abeyo B, Alemayehu Y, Badebo A, Barnett M, Bryant R, Chatelain J, Chen X, Dong S, Henriksson T, Holdgate S, Justesen AF, Kalous J, Kang Z, Laczny S, Legoff JP, Lesch D, Richards T, Randhawa HS, Thach T, Wang M, Hovmøller MS, Hodson DP, Saunders DGO. MARPLE, a point-of-care, strain-level disease diagnostics and surveillance tool for complex fungal pathogens. BMC Biol 2019; 17:65. [PMID: 31405370 PMCID: PMC6691556 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Effective disease management depends on timely and accurate diagnosis to guide control measures. The capacity to distinguish between individuals in a pathogen population with specific properties such as fungicide resistance, toxin production and virulence profiles is often essential to inform disease management approaches. The genomics revolution has led to technologies that can rapidly produce high-resolution genotypic information to define individual variants of a pathogen species. However, their application to complex fungal pathogens has remained limited due to the frequent inability to culture these pathogens in the absence of their host and their large genome sizes. Results Here, we describe the development of Mobile And Real-time PLant disEase (MARPLE) diagnostics, a portable, genomics-based, point-of-care approach specifically tailored to identify individual strains of complex fungal plant pathogens. We used targeted sequencing to overcome limitations associated with the size of fungal genomes and their often obligately biotrophic nature. Focusing on the wheat yellow rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), we demonstrate that our approach can be used to rapidly define individual strains, assign strains to distinct genetic lineages that have been shown to correlate tightly with their virulence profiles and monitor genes of importance. Conclusions MARPLE diagnostics enables rapid identification of individual pathogen strains and has the potential to monitor those with specific properties such as fungicide resistance directly from field-collected infected plant tissue in situ. Generating results within 48 h of field sampling, this new strategy has far-reaching implications for tracking plant health threats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-019-0684-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola M Cook
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Clare M Lewis
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Bekele Abeyo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yoseph Alemayehu
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ayele Badebo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Marla Barnett
- Limagrain Cereal Seeds, 2040 SE Frontage Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA
| | | | - Jeron Chatelain
- Limagrain Cereal Seeds, 2040 SE Frontage Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA
| | - Xianming Chen
- USDA-ARS and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jay Kalous
- Limagrain Cereal Seeds, 2040 SE Frontage Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Szymon Laczny
- BASF Poland, Al. Jerozolimskie 142b, 02-305, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Tracy Richards
- Limagrain Cereal Seeds, 2040 SE Frontage Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA
| | - Harpinder S Randhawa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tine Thach
- Aarhus University Flakkebjerg, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Meinan Wang
- USDA-ARS and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | | | - David P Hodson
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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11
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Abstract
In our recent Communications Biology article, we reported the first occurrence of wheat stem rust in the UK in nearly six decades. An increased incidence of wheat stem rust in Western Europe, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, could signify the return of this formidable foe. As pathologists fight back against this devastating disease we outline the continuing research and strategies being employed to bridle its onslaught.
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12
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Klymiuk V, Yaniv E, Huang L, Raats D, Fatiukha A, Chen S, Feng L, Frenkel Z, Krugman T, Lidzbarsky G, Chang W, Jääskeläinen MJ, Schudoma C, Paulin L, Laine P, Bariana H, Sela H, Saleem K, Sørensen CK, Hovmøller MS, Distelfeld A, Chalhoub B, Dubcovsky J, Korol AB, Schulman AH, Fahima T. Cloning of the wheat Yr15 resistance gene sheds light on the plant tandem kinase-pseudokinase family. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3735. [PMID: 30282993 PMCID: PMC6170490 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating fungal disease threatening much of global wheat production. Race-specific resistance (R)-genes are used to control rust diseases, but the rapid emergence of virulent Pst races has prompted the search for a more durable resistance. Here, we report the cloning of Yr15, a broad-spectrum R-gene derived from wild emmer wheat, which encodes a putative kinase-pseudokinase protein, designated as wheat tandem kinase 1, comprising a unique R-gene structure in wheat. The existence of a similar gene architecture in 92 putative proteins across the plant kingdom, including the barley RPG1 and a candidate for Ug8, suggests that they are members of a distinct family of plant proteins, termed here tandem kinase-pseudokinases (TKPs). The presence of kinase-pseudokinase structure in both plant TKPs and the animal Janus kinases sheds light on the molecular evolution of immune responses across these two kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Klymiuk
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elitsur Yaniv
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lin Huang
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Dina Raats
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Andrii Fatiukha
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shisheng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lihua Feng
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zeev Frenkel
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Krugman
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gabriel Lidzbarsky
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Wei Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko J Jääskeläinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Schudoma
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Laine
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harbans Bariana
- The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Hanan Sela
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- The Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6139001, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kamran Saleem
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Assaf Distelfeld
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6139001, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Boulos Chalhoub
- Institute of System and Synthetic Biology-Organization and Evolution of Complex Genomes, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5708, 91057, Evry Cedex, France
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Abraham B Korol
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alan H Schulman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tzion Fahima
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Abba-Hushi Avenue, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
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13
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Lewis CM, Persoons A, Bebber DP, Kigathi RN, Maintz J, Findlay K, Bueno-Sancho V, Corredor-Moreno P, Harrington SA, Kangara N, Berlin A, García R, Germán SE, Hanzalová A, Hodson DP, Hovmøller MS, Huerta-Espino J, Imtiaz M, Mirza JI, Justesen AF, Niks RE, Omrani A, Patpour M, Pretorius ZA, Roohparvar R, Sela H, Singh RP, Steffenson B, Visser B, Fenwick PM, Thomas J, Wulff BBH, Saunders DGO. Potential for re-emergence of wheat stem rust in the United Kingdom. Commun Biol 2018; 1:13. [PMID: 30271900 PMCID: PMC6053080 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat stem rust, a devastating disease of wheat and barley caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, was largely eradicated in Western Europe during the mid-to-late twentieth century. However, isolated outbreaks have occurred in recent years. Here we investigate whether a lack of resistance in modern European varieties, increased presence of its alternate host barberry and changes in climatic conditions could be facilitating its resurgence. We report the first wheat stem rust occurrence in the United Kingdom in nearly 60 years, with only 20% of UK wheat varieties resistant to this strain. Climate changes over the past 25 years also suggest increasingly conducive conditions for infection. Furthermore, we document the first occurrence in decades of P. graminis on barberry in the UK . Our data illustrate that wheat stem rust does occur in the UK and, when climatic conditions are conducive, could severely harm wheat and barley production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Lewis
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | | | - Rose N Kigathi
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Pwani University, 195-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Jens Maintz
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Kim Findlay
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Berlin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Richard García
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) La Estanzuela, Mailbox 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Silvia E Germán
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) La Estanzuela, Mailbox 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Alena Hanzalová
- Crop Research Institute, Ruzyně, 161 06 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - David P Hodson
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Javed Iqbal Mirza
- Crop Disease Research Program, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Rients E Niks
- Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6700, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Omrani
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | | | | | - Ramin Roohparvar
- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 4119, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanan Sela
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Ravi P Singh
- CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641, D. F. México, 06600, Mexico
| | | | - Botma Visser
- University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | | | - Jane Thomas
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
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14
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Ali S, Rodriguez-Algaba J, Thach T, Sørensen CK, Hansen JG, Lassen P, Nazari K, Hodson DP, Justesen AF, Hovmøller MS. Yellow Rust Epidemics Worldwide Were Caused by Pathogen Races from Divergent Genetic Lineages. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1057. [PMID: 28676811 PMCID: PMC5477562 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether the recent worldwide epidemics of wheat yellow rust were driven by races of few clonal lineage(s) or populations of divergent races. Race phenotyping of 887 genetically diverse Puccinia striiformis isolates sampled in 35 countries during 2009-2015 revealed that these epidemics were often driven by races from few but highly divergent genetic lineages. PstS1 was predominant in North America; PstS2 in West Asia and North Africa; and both PstS1 and PstS2 in East Africa. PstS4 was prevalent in Northern Europe on triticale; PstS5 and PstS9 were prevalent in Central Asia; whereas PstS6 was prevalent in epidemics in East Africa. PstS7, PstS8 and PstS10 represented three genetic lineages prevalent in Europe. Races from other lineages were in low frequencies. Virulence to Yr9 and Yr27 was common in epidemics in Africa and Asia, while virulence to Yr17 and Yr32 were prevalent in Europe, corresponding to widely deployed resistance genes. The highest diversity was observed in South Asian populations, where frequent recombination has been reported, and no particular race was predominant in this area. The results are discussed in light of the role of invasions in shaping pathogen population across geographical regions. The results emphasized the lack of predictability of emergence of new races with high epidemic potential, which stresses the need for additional investments in population biology and surveillance activities of pathogens on global food crops, and assessments of disease vulnerability of host varieties prior to their deployment at larger scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ali
- Department of Agroecology, Global Rust Reference Centre, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
| | | | - Tine Thach
- Department of Agroecology, Global Rust Reference Centre, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
| | - Chris K. Sørensen
- Department of Agroecology, Global Rust Reference Centre, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
| | - Jens G. Hansen
- Department of Agroecology, Global Rust Reference Centre, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
| | - Poul Lassen
- Department of Agroecology, Global Rust Reference Centre, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
| | - Kumarse Nazari
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Regional Cereal Rust Research Centre, Aegean Agricultural Research Instituteİzmir, Turkey
| | - David P. Hodson
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CIMMYTAddis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Annemarie F. Justesen
- Department of Agroecology, Global Rust Reference Centre, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens S. Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology, Global Rust Reference Centre, Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
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15
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Sørensen CK, Labouriau R, Hovmøller MS. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Fungal Structures and Host Responses in an Incompatible Rust-Wheat Interaction. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:484. [PMID: 28446912 PMCID: PMC5389385 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Information about temporal and spatial variability of fungal structures and host responses is scarce in comparison to the vast amount of genetic, biochemical, and physiological studies of host-pathogen interactions. In this study, we used avirulent wild type and virulent mutant isolates of Puccinia striiformis to characterize the interactions in wheat carrying yellow rust Yr2 resistance. Both conventional and advanced microscopic techniques were used for a detailed study of morphology and growth of fungal colonies and associated host cell responses. The growth of the wild type isolates was highly restricted due to hypersensitive response (HR, plant cell death) indicated by autofluorescence and change in the shape of the affected plant cells. The host response appeared post-haustorial, but large variation in the time and stage of arrest was observed for individual fungal colonies, probably due to a delay between detection and response. Some colonies were stopped right after the formation of the primary infection hyphae whereas others formed highly branched mycelia. HR was first observed in host cells in direct contact with fungal structures, after which the defense responses spread to adjacent host cells, and eventually led to encasement of the fungal colony. Several cells with HR contained haustoria, which were small and underdeveloped, but some cells contained normal sized haustoria without signs of hypersensitivity. The growth of the virulent mutants in the resistant plants was similar to the growth in plants without Yr2 resistance, which is a strong indication that the incompatible phenotype was associated with Yr2. The interaction between P. striiformis and wheat with Yr2 resistance was highly variable in time and space, which demonstrate that histological studies are important for a deeper understanding of host-pathogen interactions and plant defense mechanisms in general.
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16
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Rodriguez-Algaba J, Sørensen CK, Labouriau R, Justesen AF, Hovmøller MS. Genetic diversity within and among aecia of the wheat rust fungus Puccinia striiformis on the alternate host Berberis vulgaris. Fungal Biol 2017; 121:541-549. [PMID: 28606349 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An isolate of the fungus Puccinia striiformis, causing yellow (stripe) rust on cereals and grasses, was selfed on the alternate (sexual) host, Berberis vulgaris. This enabled us to investigate genetic variability of progeny isolates within and among aecia. Nine aecial clusters each consisting of an aecium (single aecial cup) and nine clusters containing multiple aecial cups were selected from 18 B. vulgaris leaves. Aeciospores from each cluster were inoculated on susceptible wheat seedlings and 64 progeny isolates were recovered. Molecular genotyping using 37 simple sequence repeat markers confirmed the parental origin of all progeny isolates. Thirteen molecular markers, which were heterozygous in the parental isolate, were used to analyse genetic diversity within and among aecial cups. The 64 progeny isolates resulted in 22 unique recombinant multilocus genotypes and none of them were resampled in different aecial clusters. Isolates derived from a single cup were always of the same genotype whereas isolates originating from clusters containing up to nine aecial cups revealed one to three genotypes per cluster. These results implied that each aecium was the result of a successful fertilization in a corresponding pycnium and that an aecium consisted of genetically identical aeciospores probably multiplied via repetitive mitotic divisions. Furthermore, the results suggested that aecia within a cluster were the result of independent fertilization events often involving genetically different pycniospores. The application of molecular markers represented a major advance in comparison to previous studies depending on phenotypic responses on host plants. The study allowed significant conclusions about fundamental aspects of the biology and genetics of an important cereal rust fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Rodriguez-Algaba
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark.
| | - Chris K Sørensen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo Labouriau
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 118, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annemarie F Justesen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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17
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Abstract
A procedure for virulence phenotyping of isolates of yellow (stripe) rust using spray inoculation of wheat seedlings by spores suspended in an engineered fluid, Novec™ 7100, is presented. Differential sets consisting of near-isogenic Avocet lines, selected lines from the "World" and "European" sets, and additional varieties showing race-specificity facilitate a robust assessment of race, irrespectively of geographical and evolutionary origin of isolates. A simple procedure for purification of samples consisting of multiple races is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogens S Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsogsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
| | | | - Tine Thach
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsogsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Chris K Sørensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsogsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
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18
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Singh RP, Singh PK, Rutkoski J, Hodson DP, He X, Jørgensen LN, Hovmøller MS, Huerta-Espino J. Disease Impact on Wheat Yield Potential and Prospects of Genetic Control. Annu Rev Phytopathol 2016; 54:303-22. [PMID: 27296137 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-095835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is grown worldwide in diverse geographical regions, environments, and production systems. Although many diseases and pests are known to reduce grain yield potential and quality, the three rusts and powdery mildew fungi have historically caused major crop losses and continue to remain economically important despite the widespread use of host resistance and fungicides. The evolution and fast spread of virulent and more aggressive race lineages of rust fungi have only worsened the situation. Fusarium head blight, leaf spotting diseases, and, more recently, wheat blast (in South America and Bangladesh) have become diseases of major importance in recent years largely because of intensive production systems, the expansion of conservation agriculture, undesirable crop rotations, or increased dependency on fungicides. High genetic diversity for race-specific and quantitative resistance is known for most diseases; their selection through phenotyping reinforced with molecular strategies offers great promise in achieving more durable resistance and enhancing global wheat productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi P Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 06600, Mexico, DF, Mexico;
| | - Pawan K Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 06600, Mexico, DF, Mexico;
| | - Jessica Rutkoski
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 06600, Mexico, DF, Mexico;
- Department of Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | - Xinyao He
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 06600, Mexico, DF, Mexico;
| | - Lise N Jørgensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
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19
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Newcomb M, Olivera PD, Rouse MN, Szabo LJ, Johnson J, Gale S, Luster DG, Wanyera R, Macharia G, Bhavani S, Hodson D, Patpour M, Hovmøller MS, Fetch TG, Jin Y. Kenyan Isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici from 2008 to 2014: Virulence to SrTmp in the Ug99 Race Group and Implications for Breeding Programs. Phytopathology 2016; 100:986-96. [PMID: 27019064 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-09-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Frequent emergence of new variants in the Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Ug99 race group in Kenya has made pathogen survey a priority. We analyzed 140 isolates from 78 P. graminis f. sp. tritici samples collected in Kenya between 2008 and 2014 and identified six races, including three not detected prior to 2013. Genotypic analysis of 20 isolates from 2013 and 2014 collections showed that the new races TTHST, TTKTK, and TTKTT belong to the Ug99 race group. International advanced breeding lines were evaluated against an isolate of TTKTT (Sr31, Sr24, and SrTmp virulence) at the seedling stage. From 169 advanced lines from Kenya, 23% of lines with resistance to races TTKSK and TTKST were susceptible to TTKTT and, from two North American regional nurseries, 44 and 91% of resistant lines were susceptible. Three lines with combined resistance genes were developed to facilitate pathogen monitoring and race identification. These results indicate the increasing virulence and variability in the Kenyan P. graminis f. sp. tritici population and reveal vulnerabilities of elite germplasm to new races.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Newcomb
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pablo D Olivera
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew N Rouse
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Les J Szabo
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jerry Johnson
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sam Gale
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Douglas G Luster
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ruth Wanyera
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Godwin Macharia
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sridhar Bhavani
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Hodson
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mehran Patpour
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas G Fetch
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yue Jin
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
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20
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Newcomb M, Olivera PD, Rouse MN, Szabo LJ, Johnson J, Gale S, Luster DG, Wanyera R, Macharia G, Bhavani S, Hodson D, Patpour M, Hovmøller MS, Fetch TG, Jin Y. Kenyan Isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici from 2008 to 2014: Virulence to SrTmp in the Ug99 Race Group and Implications for Breeding Programs. Phytopathology 2016; 106:729-36. [PMID: 27019064 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-15-0337-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Frequent emergence of new variants in the Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Ug99 race group in Kenya has made pathogen survey a priority. We analyzed 140 isolates from 78 P. graminis f. sp. tritici samples collected in Kenya between 2008 and 2014 and identified six races, including three not detected prior to 2013. Genotypic analysis of 20 isolates from 2013 and 2014 collections showed that the new races TTHST, TTKTK, and TTKTT belong to the Ug99 race group. International advanced breeding lines were evaluated against an isolate of TTKTT (Sr31, Sr24, and SrTmp virulence) at the seedling stage. From 169 advanced lines from Kenya, 23% of lines with resistance to races TTKSK and TTKST were susceptible to TTKTT and, from two North American regional nurseries, 44 and 91% of resistant lines were susceptible. Three lines with combined resistance genes were developed to facilitate pathogen monitoring and race identification. These results indicate the increasing virulence and variability in the Kenyan P. graminis f. sp. tritici population and reveal vulnerabilities of elite germplasm to new races.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Newcomb
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pablo D Olivera
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew N Rouse
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Les J Szabo
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jerry Johnson
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sam Gale
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Douglas G Luster
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ruth Wanyera
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Godwin Macharia
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sridhar Bhavani
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Hodson
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mehran Patpour
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas G Fetch
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yue Jin
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
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Newcomb M, Olivera PD, Rouse MN, Szabo LJ, Johnson J, Gale S, Luster DG, Wanyera R, Macharia G, Bhavani S, Hodson D, Patpour M, Hovmøller MS, Fetch TG, Jin Y. Kenyan Isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici from 2008 to 2014: Virulence to SrTmp in the Ug99 Race Group and Implications for Breeding Programs. Phytopathology 2016. [PMID: 27019064 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-15-0938-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Frequent emergence of new variants in the Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Ug99 race group in Kenya has made pathogen survey a priority. We analyzed 140 isolates from 78 P. graminis f. sp. tritici samples collected in Kenya between 2008 and 2014 and identified six races, including three not detected prior to 2013. Genotypic analysis of 20 isolates from 2013 and 2014 collections showed that the new races TTHST, TTKTK, and TTKTT belong to the Ug99 race group. International advanced breeding lines were evaluated against an isolate of TTKTT (Sr31, Sr24, and SrTmp virulence) at the seedling stage. From 169 advanced lines from Kenya, 23% of lines with resistance to races TTKSK and TTKST were susceptible to TTKTT and, from two North American regional nurseries, 44 and 91% of resistant lines were susceptible. Three lines with combined resistance genes were developed to facilitate pathogen monitoring and race identification. These results indicate the increasing virulence and variability in the Kenyan P. graminis f. sp. tritici population and reveal vulnerabilities of elite germplasm to new races.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Newcomb
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pablo D Olivera
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew N Rouse
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Les J Szabo
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jerry Johnson
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sam Gale
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Douglas G Luster
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ruth Wanyera
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Godwin Macharia
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sridhar Bhavani
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Hodson
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mehran Patpour
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas G Fetch
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yue Jin
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
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Newcomb M, Olivera PD, Rouse MN, Szabo LJ, Johnson J, Gale S, Luster DG, Wanyera R, Macharia G, Bhavani S, Hodson D, Patpour M, Hovmøller MS, Fetch TG, Jin Y. Kenyan Isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici from 2008 to 2014: Virulence to SrTmp in the Ug99 Race Group and Implications for Breeding Programs. Phytopathology 2016; 106:729-736. [PMID: 27019064 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-15-0668-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Frequent emergence of new variants in the Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Ug99 race group in Kenya has made pathogen survey a priority. We analyzed 140 isolates from 78 P. graminis f. sp. tritici samples collected in Kenya between 2008 and 2014 and identified six races, including three not detected prior to 2013. Genotypic analysis of 20 isolates from 2013 and 2014 collections showed that the new races TTHST, TTKTK, and TTKTT belong to the Ug99 race group. International advanced breeding lines were evaluated against an isolate of TTKTT (Sr31, Sr24, and SrTmp virulence) at the seedling stage. From 169 advanced lines from Kenya, 23% of lines with resistance to races TTKSK and TTKST were susceptible to TTKTT and, from two North American regional nurseries, 44 and 91% of resistant lines were susceptible. Three lines with combined resistance genes were developed to facilitate pathogen monitoring and race identification. These results indicate the increasing virulence and variability in the Kenyan P. graminis f. sp. tritici population and reveal vulnerabilities of elite germplasm to new races.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Newcomb
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pablo D Olivera
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew N Rouse
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Les J Szabo
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jerry Johnson
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sam Gale
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Douglas G Luster
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ruth Wanyera
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Godwin Macharia
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sridhar Bhavani
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Hodson
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mehran Patpour
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas G Fetch
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yue Jin
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and fifteenth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth and ninth authors: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro, Kenya; tenth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; eleventh author: CIMMYT-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; twelfth and thirteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; and fourteenth author: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
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Liu C, Pedersen C, Schultz-Larsen T, Aguilar GB, Madriz-Ordeñana K, Hovmøller MS, Thordal-Christensen H. The stripe rust fungal effector PEC6 suppresses pattern-triggered immunity in a host species-independent manner and interacts with adenosine kinases. New Phytol 2016. [PMID: 27252028 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We identified a wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) effector candidate (PEC6) with pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) suppression function and its corresponding host target. PEC6 compromised PTI host species-independently. In Nicotiana benthamiana, it hampers reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and callose deposition induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. In Arabidopsis, plants expressing PEC6 were more susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 ΔAvrPto/ΔAvrPtoB. In wheat, PEC6-suppression of P. fluorescens-elicited PTI was revealed by the fact that it allowed activation of effector-triggered immunity by Pto DC3000. Knocking down of PEC6 expression by virus-mediated host-induced gene silencing decreased the number of rust pustules, uncovering PEC6 as an important pathogenicity factor. PEC6, overexpressed in plant cells without its signal peptide, was localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. A yeast two-hybrid assay showed that PEC6 interacts with both wheat and Arabidopsis adenosine kinases (ADKs). Knocking down wheat ADK expression by virus-induced gene silencing reduced leaf growth and enhanced the number of rust pustules, indicating that ADK is important in plant development and defence. ADK plays essential roles in regulating metabolism, cytokinin interconversion and methyl transfer reactions, and our data propose a model where PEC6 may affect one of these processes by targeting ADK to favour fungal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhai Liu
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Carsten Pedersen
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Torsten Schultz-Larsen
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Geziel B Aguilar
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Madriz-Ordeñana
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse, DK-4200, Denmark
| | - Hans Thordal-Christensen
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
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24
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Sørensen CK, Thach T, Hovmøller MS. Evaluation of Spray and Point Inoculation Methods for the Phenotyping of Puccinia striiformis on Wheat. Plant Dis 2016; 100:1064-1070. [PMID: 30682276 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-15-1477-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Puccinia striiformis causes yellow (stripe) rust on wheat worldwide. In the present article, new methods utilizing an engineered fluid (Novec 7100) as a carrier of urediniospores were compared with commonly used inoculation methods. In general, Novec 7100 facilitated a faster and more flexible application procedure for spray inoculation and it gave highly reproducible results for virulence phenotyping. Six point inoculation methods were compared to find the most suitable for assessment of pathogen aggressiveness. The use of Novec 7100 and dry dilution with Lycopodium spores gave an inoculation success rate of 100% in two independent trials, which was significantly higher and more consistent than for spore suspension in Soltrol 170, water, water + Tween 20, and Noble agar + Tween 20. Both Soltrol 170 and Novec 7100 allowed precise quantification of inoculum, which is important for the assessment of quantitative epidemiological parameters. New protocols for spray and point inoculation of P. striiformis on wheat are presented, along with the prospect for applying these in rust research and resistance breeding activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris K Sørensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Tine Thach
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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25
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Walter S, Ali S, Kemen E, Nazari K, Bahri BA, Enjalbert J, Hansen JG, Brown JK, Sicheritz‐Pontén T, Jones J, de Vallavieille‐Pope C, Hovmøller MS, Justesen AF. Molecular markers for tracking the origin and worldwide distribution of invasive strains of Puccinia striiformis. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:2790-804. [PMID: 27066253 PMCID: PMC4800029 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the origin and dispersal pathways is instrumental to mitigate threats and economic and environmental consequences of invasive crop pathogens. In the case of Puccinia striiformis causing yellow rust on wheat, a number of economically important invasions have been reported, e.g., the spreading of two aggressive and high temperature adapted strains to three continents since 2000. The combination of sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, which were developed from two specific AFLP fragments, differentiated the two invasive strains, PstS1 and PstS2 from all other P. striiformis strains investigated at a worldwide level. The application of the SCAR markers on 566 isolates showed that PstS1 was present in East Africa in the early 1980s and then detected in the Americas in 2000 and in Australia in 2002. PstS2 which evolved from PstS1 became widespread in the Middle East and Central Asia. In 2000, PstS2 was detected in Europe, where it never became prevalent. Additional SSR genotyping and virulence phenotyping revealed 10 and six variants, respectively, within PstS1 and PstS2, demonstrating the evolutionary potential of the pathogen. Overall, the results suggested East Africa as the most plausible origin of the two invasive strains. The SCAR markers developed in the present study provide a rapid, inexpensive, and efficient tool to track the distribution of P. striiformis invasive strains, PstS1 and PstS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Walter
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityFlakkebjergDK‐4200SlagelseDenmark
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityFlakkebjergDK‐4200SlagelseDenmark
- Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic EngineeringThe University of Agriculture, Peshawar25000PeshawarPakistan
| | - Eric Kemen
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
- Present address: Eric Kemen Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCarl‐von‐Linné‐Weg 1050829CologneGermany
| | - Kumarse Nazari
- ICARDARegional Cereal Rust Research CentreAegean Agricultural Research Institute P.K. 9Menemen/İZMİRTurkey
| | - Bochra A. Bahri
- National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia (INAT)Avenue Charles Nicolle43 TN‐1082 El MahrajèneTunisia
| | - Jérôme Enjalbert
- INRA UMR 320 Génétique VégétaleFerme du MoulonF‐91190Gif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Jens G. Hansen
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityFlakkebjergDK‐4200SlagelseDenmark
| | | | - Thomas Sicheritz‐Pontén
- Center for Biological Sequence AnalysisDepartment of Systems BiologyTechnical University of DenmarkBuilding 208DK‐2800Kongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Jonathan Jones
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
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26
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Olivera P, Newcomb M, Szabo LJ, Rouse M, Johnson J, Gale S, Luster DG, Hodson D, Cox JA, Burgin L, Hort M, Gilligan CA, Patpour M, Justesen AF, Hovmøller MS, Woldeab G, Hailu E, Hundie B, Tadesse K, Pumphrey M, Singh RP, Jin Y. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Race TKTTF of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici that Caused a Wheat Stem Rust Epidemic in Southern Ethiopia in 2013-14. Phytopathology 2015; 105:917-28. [PMID: 25775107 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-14-0302-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A severe stem rust epidemic occurred in southern Ethiopia during November 2013 to January 2014, with yield losses close to 100% on the most widely grown wheat cultivar, 'Digalu'. Sixty-four stem rust samples collected from the regions were analyzed. A meteorological model for airborne spore dispersal was used to identify which regions were most likely to have been infected from postulated sites of initial infection. Based on the analyses of 106 single-pustule isolates derived from these samples, four races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici were identified: TKTTF, TTKSK, RRTTF, and JRCQC. Race TKTTF was found to be the primary cause of the epidemic in the southeastern zones of Bale and Arsi. Isolates of race TKTTF were first identified in samples collected in early October 2013 from West Arsi. It was the sole or predominant race in 31 samples collected from Bale and Arsi zones after the stem rust epidemic was established. Race TTKSK was recovered from 15 samples from Bale and Arsi zones at low frequencies. Genotyping indicated that isolates of race TKTTF belongs to a genetic lineage that is different from the Ug99 race group and is composed of two distinct genetic types. Results from evaluation of selected germplasm indicated that some cultivars and breeding lines resistant to the Ug99 race group are susceptible to race TKTTF. Appearance of race TKTTF and the ensuing epidemic underlines the continuing threats and challenges posed by stem rust not only in East Africa but also to wider-scale wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Olivera
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Maria Newcomb
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Les J Szabo
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Matthew Rouse
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jerry Johnson
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Samuel Gale
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Douglas G Luster
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - David Hodson
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - James A Cox
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Laura Burgin
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Matt Hort
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Christopher A Gilligan
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Mehran Patpour
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Annemarie F Justesen
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Getaneh Woldeab
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Endale Hailu
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Bekele Hundie
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Kebede Tadesse
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Michael Pumphrey
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Ravi P Singh
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Yue Jin
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and twenty-second authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; seventh author: USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702; eighth author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ninth and twelfth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; tenth and eleventh authors: U.K. Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth authors: Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark; sixteenth and seventeenth authors: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; eighteenth author: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia; nineteenth and twentieth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164; and twenty-first author: CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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Singh RP, Hodson DP, Jin Y, Lagudah ES, Ayliffe MA, Bhavani S, Rouse MN, Pretorius ZA, Szabo LJ, Huerta-Espino J, Basnet BR, Lan C, Hovmøller MS. Emergence and Spread of New Races of Wheat Stem Rust Fungus: Continued Threat to Food Security and Prospects of Genetic Control. Phytopathology 2015; 105:872-84. [PMID: 26120730 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-15-0030-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Race Ug99 (TTKSK) of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, detected in Uganda in 1998, has been recognized as a serious threat to food security because it possesses combined virulence to a large number of resistance genes found in current widely grown wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties and germplasm, leading to its potential for rapid spread and evolution. Since its initial detection, variants of the Ug99 lineage of stem rust have been discovered in Eastern and Southern African countries, Yemen, Iran, and Egypt. To date, eight races belonging to the Ug99 lineage are known. Increased pathogen monitoring activities have led to the identification of other races in Africa and Asia with additional virulence to commercially important resistance genes. This has led to localized but severe stem rust epidemics becoming common once again in East Africa due to the breakdown of race-specific resistance gene SrTmp, which was deployed recently in the 'Digalu' and 'Robin' varieties in Ethiopia and Kenya, respectively. Enhanced research in the last decade under the umbrella of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative has identified various race-specific resistance genes that can be utilized, preferably in combinations, to develop resistant varieties. Research and development of improved wheat germplasm with complex adult plant resistance (APR) based on multiple slow-rusting genes has also progressed. Once only the Sr2 gene was known to confer slow rusting APR; now, four more genes-Sr55, Sr56, Sr57, and Sr58-have been characterized and additional quantitative trait loci identified. Cloning of some rust resistance genes opens new perspectives on rust control in the future through the development of multiple resistance gene cassettes. However, at present, disease-surveillance-based chemical control, large-scale deployment of new varieties with multiple race-specific genes or adequate levels of APR, and reducing the cultivation of susceptible varieties in rust hot-spot areas remains the best stem rust management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi P Singh
- First, eleventh, and twelfth authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F.; second author: CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; third, seventh, and ninth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth and fifth authors: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; sixth author: CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; eighth author: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; tenth author: Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de México, México; and thirteenth author: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - David P Hodson
- First, eleventh, and twelfth authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F.; second author: CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; third, seventh, and ninth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth and fifth authors: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; sixth author: CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; eighth author: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; tenth author: Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de México, México; and thirteenth author: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Yue Jin
- First, eleventh, and twelfth authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F.; second author: CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; third, seventh, and ninth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth and fifth authors: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; sixth author: CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; eighth author: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; tenth author: Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de México, México; and thirteenth author: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Evans S Lagudah
- First, eleventh, and twelfth authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F.; second author: CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; third, seventh, and ninth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth and fifth authors: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; sixth author: CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; eighth author: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; tenth author: Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de México, México; and thirteenth author: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Michael A Ayliffe
- First, eleventh, and twelfth authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F.; second author: CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; third, seventh, and ninth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth and fifth authors: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; sixth author: CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; eighth author: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; tenth author: Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de México, México; and thirteenth author: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Sridhar Bhavani
- First, eleventh, and twelfth authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F.; second author: CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; third, seventh, and ninth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth and fifth authors: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; sixth author: CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; eighth author: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; tenth author: Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de México, México; and thirteenth author: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Matthew N Rouse
- First, eleventh, and twelfth authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F.; second author: CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; third, seventh, and ninth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth and fifth authors: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; sixth author: CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; eighth author: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; tenth author: Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de México, México; and thirteenth author: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Zacharias A Pretorius
- First, eleventh, and twelfth authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F.; second author: CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; third, seventh, and ninth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth and fifth authors: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; sixth author: CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; eighth author: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; tenth author: Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de México, México; and thirteenth author: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Les J Szabo
- First, eleventh, and twelfth authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F.; second author: CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; third, seventh, and ninth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth and fifth authors: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; sixth author: CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; eighth author: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; tenth author: Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de México, México; and thirteenth author: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Julio Huerta-Espino
- First, eleventh, and twelfth authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F.; second author: CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; third, seventh, and ninth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth and fifth authors: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; sixth author: CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; eighth author: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; tenth author: Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de México, México; and thirteenth author: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Bhoja R Basnet
- First, eleventh, and twelfth authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F.; second author: CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; third, seventh, and ninth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth and fifth authors: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; sixth author: CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; eighth author: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; tenth author: Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de México, México; and thirteenth author: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Caixia Lan
- First, eleventh, and twelfth authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F.; second author: CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; third, seventh, and ninth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth and fifth authors: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; sixth author: CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; eighth author: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; tenth author: Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de México, México; and thirteenth author: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens S Hovmøller
- First, eleventh, and twelfth authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal, 6-641, 06600, Mexico, D.F.; second author: CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; third, seventh, and ninth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; fourth and fifth authors: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Plant Industry, Agriculture Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; sixth author: CIMMYT, ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Village Market-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; eighth author: University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; tenth author: Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, 56230, Chapingo, Edo de México, México; and thirteenth author: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
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Sørensen CK, Hovmøller MS, Leconte M, Dedryver F, de Vallavieille-Pope C. New Races of Puccinia striiformis Found in Europe Reveal Race Specificity of Long-Term Effective Adult Plant Resistance in Wheat. Phytopathology 2014; 104:1042-1051. [PMID: 24624957 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-13-0337-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to Puccinia striiformis was examined in nine wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between 'Camp Rémy' (resistant parent) and 'Récital' (susceptible parent) using an isolate of a strain common to the northwestern European population before 2011 (old) and two additional isolates, one representing an aggressive and high-temperature-adapted strain (PstS2) and another representing a virulence phenotype new to Europe since 2011 (new). The RILs carried different combinations of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to P. striiformis. Under greenhouse conditions, the three isolates gave highly contrasting results for infection type, latent period, lesion length, and diseased leaf area. The PstS2 isolate revealed Yr genes and QTL which conferred complete resistance in adult plants. Six QTL had additive effects against the old isolate whereas the effects of these QTL were significantly lower for the new isolate. Furthermore, the new isolate revealed previously undetected resistance in the susceptible parent. Disease severity under field conditions agreed with greenhouse results, except for Camp Rémy being fully resistant to the new isolate and for two RILs being susceptible in the field. These results stress the need of maintaining high genetic diversity for disease resistance in wheat and of using pathogen isolates of diverse origin in studies of host resistance genetics.
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Rodriguez-Algaba J, Walter S, Sørensen CK, Hovmøller MS, Justesen AF. Sexual structures and recombination of the wheat rust fungus Puccinia striiformis on Berberis vulgaris. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 70:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ali S, Gladieux P, Rahman H, Saqib MS, Fiaz M, Ahmad H, Leconte M, Gautier A, Justesen AF, Hovmøller MS, Enjalbert J, de Vallavieille-Pope C. Inferring the contribution of sexual reproduction, migration and off-season survival to the temporal maintenance of microbial populations: a case study on the wheat fungal pathogenPuccinia striiformisf.sp.tritici. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:603-17. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ali
- INRA UR 1290 BIOGER-CPP; BP01 78850 Thiverval-Grignon France
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; The University of Agriculture; Peshawar 25000 Pakistan
- Department of Agroecology; Aarhus University; Flakkebjerg; DK-4200 Slagelse Denmark
| | - Pierre Gladieux
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution; UMR8079; Univ Paris-Sud; 91405 Orsay France
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution; UMR8079; CNRS; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Hidayatur Rahman
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics; The University of Agriculture; Peshawar 25000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S. Saqib
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics; The University of Agriculture; Peshawar 25000 Pakistan
| | | | | | - Marc Leconte
- INRA UR 1290 BIOGER-CPP; BP01 78850 Thiverval-Grignon France
| | | | | | - Mogens S. Hovmøller
- Department of Agroecology; Aarhus University; Flakkebjerg; DK-4200 Slagelse Denmark
| | - Jérôme Enjalbert
- INRA UMR 320 Génétique Végétale; Ferme du Moulon; 91190 Gif sur Yvette France
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Ali S, Gladieux P, Leconte M, Gautier A, Justesen AF, Hovmøller MS, Enjalbert J, de Vallavieille-Pope C. Origin, migration routes and worldwide population genetic structure of the wheat yellow rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003903. [PMID: 24465211 PMCID: PMC3900651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of large-scale population structure of pathogens enable the identification of migration patterns, diversity reservoirs or longevity of populations, the understanding of current evolutionary trajectories and the anticipation of future ones. This is particularly important for long-distance migrating fungal pathogens such as Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (PST), capable of rapid spread to new regions and crop varieties. Although a range of recent PST invasions at continental scales are well documented, the worldwide population structure and the center of origin of the pathogen were still unknown. In this study, we used multilocus microsatellite genotyping to infer worldwide population structure of PST and the origin of new invasions based on 409 isolates representative of distribution of the fungus on six continents. Bayesian and multivariate clustering methods partitioned the set of multilocus genotypes into six distinct genetic groups associated with their geographical origin. Analyses of linkage disequilibrium and genotypic diversity indicated a strong regional heterogeneity in levels of recombination, with clear signatures of recombination in the Himalayan (Nepal and Pakistan) and near-Himalayan regions (China) and a predominant clonal population structure in other regions. The higher genotypic diversity, recombinant population structure and high sexual reproduction ability in the Himalayan and neighboring regions suggests this area as the putative center of origin of PST. We used clustering methods and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to compare different competing scenarios describing ancestral relationship among ancestral populations and more recently founded populations. Our analyses confirmed the Middle East-East Africa as the most likely source of newly spreading, high-temperature-adapted strains; Europe as the source of South American, North American and Australian populations; and Mediterranean-Central Asian populations as the origin of South African populations. Although most geographic populations are not markedly affected by recent dispersal events, this study emphasizes the influence of human activities on recent long-distance spread of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ali
- INRA UR 1290 BIOGER-CPP, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Pierre Gladieux
- UMR 8079 Ecologie Systematique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud., CNRS-F, Orsay, France
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Marc Leconte
- INRA UR 1290 BIOGER-CPP, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | | | | | | | - Jérôme Enjalbert
- INRA UMR 320 Génétique Végétale, Ferme du Moulon, Gif sur Yvette, France
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Sørensen CK, Justesen AF, Hovmøller MS. 3-D imaging of temporal and spatial development of Puccinia striiformis haustoria in wheat. Mycologia 2012; 104:1381-9. [PMID: 22802391 DOI: 10.3852/11-401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of haustoria on primary infection hyphae of the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis was studied in wheat seedlings with two-photon microscopy in combination with a classical staining technique. Our results showed a significant increase in the average haustorium size 22, 44, 68, 92 and 116 h after inoculation (hai). After 116 hai no significant change was observed until 336 hai. Haustorium morphology also changed significantly during the time of infection. Initially small spherical haustoria were seen, but as they grew the haustoria gradually became apically branched. At 22 hai all observed haustoria were spherical, but at 44 hai most haustoria had an irregular structure, and at 92 hai all observed haustoria appeared branched. Along with the changes of the haustorial body the haustorial neck changed from narrow and slender to having an expanded appearance with a rough and invaginated structure. The structural changes were similar in two susceptible wheat varieties, 514W and Cartago, although the mean haustorium size was larger in 514W than in Cartago at all intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris K Sørensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Science and Technology, Slagelse, Denmark.
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Abstract
Yellow (stripe) rust is a common fungal disease on cereals and grasses. It is caused by Puccinia striiformis sensu lato, which is biotrophic and heteroecious. The pathogen is specialized on the primary host at both species and cultivar levels, whereas several Berberis spp. may serve as alternate hosts. One lineage infects mainly cereals and at least two lineages are restricted to grasses. P. striiformis on cereals has a typical clonal population structure in many areas, resulting from asexual reproduction, but high diversity, suggesting frequent recombination, has been observed in certain areas in Asia. Yellow rust is spreading by airborne spores potentially across long distances, which may contribute to sudden disease epidemics in new areas. This has been the case since 2000, where large-scale epidemics in warmer wheat-growing areas have been ascribed to the emergence of two closely related yellow rust strains with increased aggressiveness and tolerance to warm temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogens S Hovmøller
- Department of Integrated Pest Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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Jørgensen LN, Hovmøller MS, Hansen JG, Lassen P, Clark B, Bayles R, Rodemann B, Jahn M, Flath K, Goral T, Czembor J, du Cheyron P, Maumene C, de Pope C, Nielsen GC. EuroWheat.org – A Support to Integrated Disease Management in Wheat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1564/21aug06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Milus EA, Kristensen K, Hovmøller MS. Evidence for increased aggressiveness in a recent widespread strain of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici causing stripe rust of wheat. Phytopathology 2009; 99:89-94. [PMID: 19055439 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-99-1-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust (yellow rust) of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, has become more severe in eastern United States, Australia, and elsewhere since 2000. Recent research has shown that this coincided with a global spread of two closely related strains that were similar based on virulence phenotype and amplified fragment length polymorphism. The objective of this research was to quantify differences in aggressiveness among isolates representative of the pre-2000 and post-2000 populations. Representative isolates were evaluated at low (10 to 18 degrees C) and high (12 to 28 degrees C) temperature regimes for latent period, lesion length, lesion width, lesion area, and spore production on adult plants of a susceptible wheat cultivar with no known genes for resistance to stripe rust. "New" isolates (since 2000) were significantly more aggressive than "old" isolates (before 2000) for all variables. At the low temperature regime, new isolates sporulated 2.1 days (16%) sooner, grew 0.3 mm per day (18%) faster, produced 999 (140%) more spores per inoculation site per day, and produced 6.5 (71%) more spores per mm2 of lesion per day compared with old isolates. At the high temperature regime, new isolates sporulated 3 days (26%) sooner, grew 0.2 mm per day (18%) and 2.2 mm2 per day (88%) faster, grew 1.2 mm (50%) wider, produced 774 (370%) more spores per inoculation site per day, and produced 6.2 (159%) more spores per mm2 of lesion per day than old isolates. New isolates showed significant adaptation to the warm temperature regime for all variables. Based on these results and previously published models for stripe rust epidemics, recent severe stripe rust epidemics were most likely enhanced by the pathogen's increased aggressiveness, especially at higher temperature. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that wheat rust fungi can adapt to warmer temperatures and cause severe disease in previously unfavorable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Milus
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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Hovmøller MS, Justesen AF. Rates of evolution of avirulence phenotypes and DNA markers in a northwest European population of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:4637-47. [PMID: 17887968 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of evolutionary processes in fungal pathogen populations may occur more rapidly and display larger effects in agricultural systems than in wild ecosystems because of human involvement by plant breeding and crop management. In this study, we analysed the rate of evolution in three lineages of a northwest European population of a biotrophic and asexual reproduced fungal pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, causing yellow rust on wheat. Pathogen samples were collected between 1975 and 2002 in the UK and Denmark, and assayed for 14 individual avirulence/virulence alleles and up to 234 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer pairs producing approximately 17,000 AFLP fragments. The large number of fragments and a targeted sampling of isolates allowed a reconstruction of phylogenies in great detail, i.e. no homoplasy and a representation of sequential, evolutionary steps by pathogen samples. A recent, phenotypic loss of avirulence was observed at least once for loci corresponding to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici resistance Yr2, Yr3, Yr4, Yr7, Yr9, and Yr15, whereas Avr6 and Avr17 were lost independently in all three lineages, corresponding to 16 events of loss of avirulence (emergence of virulence). The opposite process, restoration of avirulence, was observed for Yr9 and Yr32. An interpretation of phenotypic changes within lineages as independent mutation events resulted in mutation frequencies from 1.4x10(-6) to 4.1x10(-6) per AFLP fragment (locus) per generation, whereas the effective rate by which a mutation from avirulence to virulence was established in the pathogen population, when subject to selection by host resistance genes, was approximately three orders of magnitude faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogens S Hovmøller
- University of Aarhus, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Integrated Pest Management, Flakkebjerg, DK4200 Slagelse, Denmark.
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Hovmøller MS, Justesen AF. Appearance of atypical Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici phenotypes in north-western Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/ar06146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A combination of large-scale cultivation of highly susceptible cultivars and mild winters caused severe yield losses due to yellow rust in NW Europe in the early 1990s, but in recent years the disease has become less predominant. Several atypical Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotypes have been observed in recent years, showing virulence spectra which made them able only to infect cultivars covering less than 5% of the wheat and triticale area in Denmark. Some were even unable to grow on any of the standard ‘European’ and ‘World’ yellow rust differentials. We observed 2 distinct groups of atypical pathotypes, each subdividing into 2 highly divergent AFLP phenotypes. It was striking that AFLP diversity among unusual pathotypes, sampled within a short time period in a small area on very few host cultivars, which induced limited or no selection on the pathogen population, was 3–4 times higher than among isolates sampled from a large number of cultivars with different Yr-genes in 4 different countries during more than 25 years. The repeated occurrence of atypical phenotypes of diverse origin may suggest a more frequent and even more distant dispersal of P. striiformis uredospores than previously anticipated. Finally, the disease reactions conferred by these unusual types on a wide range of differentials were used to discuss the limits for a genetic interpretation in terms of assessment of virulence and avirulence in pathogen isolates.
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Enjalbert J, Duan X, Leconte M, Hovmøller MS, DE Vallavieille-Pope C. Genetic evidence of local adaptation of wheat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) within France. Mol Ecol 2005; 14:2065-73. [PMID: 15910327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST), a clonal basidiomycete causing yellow rust disease on wheat, has a long record of 'overcoming' cultivar resistance introduced by breeders. Despite the long dispersal capacity of its spores, the French population of PST presents a strong geographical structure, with the presence of a specific pathotype (array of avirulence genes) at high frequencies in the south of France. The genetic diversity underlying this differentiation was analysed by microsatellite and AFLP markers. A total of 213 French isolates belonging to 10 pathotypes collected over a 15-year period were investigated. For each of the 12 microsatellites used, polymorphism resulted from a unique allelic variant associated to the south-specific pathotype. This pathotype was characterized by 40 specific markers over the total of 63 polymorphins detected using 15 AFLP primer combinations. Phylogeographical analysis indicated a strictly clonal structure of the population, and a strong genomic divergence between the northern population and a south-specific clone. Both virulence and molecular data show that the northern French population belongs to the northwestern European population, whereas the southern clone is most likely related to a Mediterranean population, the two subpopulations resulting from the ancient divergence of two clonal lineages. While the virulence complexity in the northern population may be explained by the successive introduction of corresponding resistance genes in cultivars, the maintenance of a simple virulence type in southern France, despite gene flow between the two populations, may be explained in terms of host cultivars repartition and local adaptation to specific host or climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Enjalbert
- UMR INRA/INAPG Epidémiologie Végétale et Ecologie des Populations, BP01 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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Abstract
Some of the most striking and extreme consequences of rapid, long-distance aerial dispersal involve pathogens of crop plants. Long-distance dispersal of fungal spores by the wind can spread plant diseases across and even between continents and reestablish diseases in areas where host plants are seasonally absent. For such epidemics to occur, hosts that are susceptible to the same pathogen genotypes must be grown over wide areas, as is the case with many modern crops. The strongly stochastic nature of long-distance dispersal causes founder effects in pathogen populations, such that the genotypes that cause epidemics in new territories or on cultivars with previously effective resistance genes may be atypical. Similar but less extreme population dynamics may arise from long-distance aerial dispersal of other organisms, including plants, viruses, and fungal pathogens of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K M Brown
- Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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Bayles RA, Flath K, Hovmøller MS, de Vallavieille-Pope C. Breakdown of the Yr17 resistance to yellow rust of wheat in northern Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1051/agro:2000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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