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Wang D, Zhang Y, Chen C, Chen R, Bai X, Qiang Z, Fu J, Qin T. The genetic variation in drought resistance in eighteen perennial ryegrass varieties and the underlying adaptation mechanisms. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:451. [PMID: 37749497 PMCID: PMC10521523 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought resistance is a complex characteristic closely related to the severity and duration of stress. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) has no distinct drought tolerance but often encounters drought stress seasonally. Although the response of perennial ryegrass to either extreme or moderate drought stress has been investigated, a comprehensive understanding of perennial ryegrass response to both conditions of drought stress is currently lacking. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the genetic variation in drought resistance in 18 perennial ryegrass varieties under both extreme and moderate drought conditions. The performance of these varieties exhibited obvious diversity, and the survival of perennial ryegrass under severe stress was not equal to good growth under moderate drought stress. 'Sopin', with superior performance under both stress conditions, was the best-performing variety. Transcriptome, physiological, and molecular analyses revealed that 'Sopin' adapted to drought stress through multiple sophisticated mechanisms. Under stress conditions, starch and sugar metabolic enzymes were highly expressed, while CslA was expressed at low levels in 'Sopin', promoting starch degradation and soluble sugar accumulation. The expression and activity of superoxide dismutase were significantly higher in 'Sopin', while the activity of peroxidase was lower, allowing for 'Sopin' to maintain a better balance between maintaining ROS signal transduction and alleviating oxidative damage. Furthermore, drought stress-related transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms, including the upregulation of transcription factors, kinases, and E3 ubiquitin ligases, facilitate abscisic acid and stress signal transduction. CONCLUSION Our study provides insights into the resistance of perennial ryegrass to both extreme and moderate droughts and the underlying mechanisms by which perennial ryegrass adapts to drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruixin Chen
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuechun Bai
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiquan Qiang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juanjuan Fu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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Jammer A, Akhtar SS, Amby DB, Pandey C, Mekureyaw MF, Bak F, Roth PM, Roitsch T. Enzyme activity profiling for physiological phenotyping within functional phenomics: plant growth and stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5170-5198. [PMID: 35675172 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput profiling of key enzyme activities of carbon, nitrogen, and antioxidant metabolism is emerging as a valuable approach to integrate cell physiological phenotyping into a holistic functional phenomics approach. However, the analyses of the large datasets generated by this method represent a bottleneck, often keeping researchers from exploiting the full potential of their studies. We address these limitations through the exemplary application of a set of data evaluation and visualization tools within a case study. This includes the introduction of multivariate statistical analyses that can easily be implemented in similar studies, allowing researchers to extract more valuable information to identify enzymatic biosignatures. Through a literature meta-analysis, we demonstrate how enzyme activity profiling has already provided functional information on the mechanisms regulating plant development and response mechanisms to abiotic stress and pathogen attack. The high robustness of the distinct enzymatic biosignatures observed during developmental processes and under stress conditions underpins the enormous potential of enzyme activity profiling for future applications in both basic and applied research. Enzyme activity profiling will complement molecular -omics approaches to contribute to the mechanistic understanding required to narrow the genotype-to-phenotype knowledge gap and to identify predictive biomarkers for plant breeding to develop climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jammer
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Schubertstraße 51, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saqib Saleem Akhtar
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Buchvaldt Amby
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chandana Pandey
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mengistu F Mekureyaw
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Bak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter M Roth
- Institute for Computational Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- International AI Future Lab, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Abuajah CI, Ogbonna AC, Chukeze EJ, Ikpeme CA, Asogwa KK. A glucose oxidase peroxidase-coupled continuous assay protocol for the determination of cellulase activity in the laboratory. Anal Biochem 2022; 647:114649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Fimognari L, Dölker R, Kaselyte G, Jensen CNG, Akhtar SS, Großkinsky DK, Roitsch T. Simple semi-high throughput determination of activity signatures of key antioxidant enzymes for physiological phenotyping. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:42. [PMID: 32206082 PMCID: PMC7085164 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions significantly accumulate during biotic and abiotic stress and cause oxidative damage and eventually cell death. There is accumulating evidence that ROS are also involved in regulating beneficial plant-microbe interactions, signal transduction and plant growth and development. Due to the relevance of ROS throughout the life cycle and for interaction with the multifactorial environment, the physiological phenotyping of the mechanisms controlling ROS homeostasis is of general importance. RESULTS In this study, we have developed a robust and resource-efficient experimental platform that allows the determination of the activities of the nine key ROS scavenging enzymes from a single extraction that integrates posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulations. The assays were optimized and adapted for a semi-high throughput 96-well assay format. In a case study, we have analyzed tobacco leaves challenged by pathogen infection, drought and salt stress. The three stress factors resulted in distinct activity signatures with differential temporal dynamics. CONCLUSIONS This experimental platform proved to be suitable to determine the antioxidant enzyme activity signature in different tissues of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous model and crop plants. The universal enzymatic extraction procedure combined with the 96-well assay format demonstrated to be a simple, fast and semi-high throughput experimental platform for the precise and robust fingerprinting of nine key antioxidant enzymatic activities in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fimognari
- Chr-Hansen A/S, Plant Health Innovation, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Dölker
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, Copenhagen University, Højbakkegård Allé 13, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Greta Kaselyte
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, Copenhagen University, Højbakkegård Allé 13, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Camilla N. G. Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, Copenhagen University, Højbakkegård Allé 13, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Saqib S. Akhtar
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, Copenhagen University, Højbakkegård Allé 13, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Dominik K. Großkinsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, Copenhagen University, Højbakkegård Allé 13, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section for Transport Biology and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Crop Science, Copenhagen University, Højbakkegård Allé 13, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
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Differential fructan accumulation and expression of fructan biosynthesis, invertase and defense genes is induced in Agave tequilana plantlets by sucrose or stress-related elicitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aggene.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Gasperl A, Morvan-Bertrand A, Prud'homme MP, van der Graaff E, Roitsch T. Exogenous Classic Phytohormones Have Limited Regulatory Effects on Fructan and Primary Carbohydrate Metabolism in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1251. [PMID: 26834764 PMCID: PMC4719101 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fructans are polymers of fructose and one of the main constituents of water-soluble carbohydrates in forage grasses and cereal crops of temperate climates. Fructans are involved in cold and drought resistance, regrowth following defoliation and early spring growth, seed filling, have beneficial effects on human health and are used for industrial processes. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) serves as model species to study fructan metabolism. Fructan metabolism is under the control of both synthesis by fructosyltransferases (FTs) and breakdown through fructan exohydrolases (FEHs). The accumulation of fructans can be triggered by high sucrose levels and abiotic stress conditions such as drought and cold stress. However, detailed studies on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of fructan metabolism are scarce. Since different phytohormones, especially abscisic acid (ABA), are known to play an important role in abiotic stress responses, the possible short term regulation of the enzymes involved in fructan metabolism by the five classical phytohormones was investigated. Therefore, the activities of enzymes involved in fructan synthesis and breakdown, the expression levels for the corresponding genes and levels for water-soluble carbohydrates were determined following pulse treatments with ABA, auxin (AUX), ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA), or kinetin (KIN). The most pronounced fast effects were a transient increase of FT activities by AUX, KIN, ABA, and ET, while minor effects were evident for 1-FEH activity with an increased activity in response to KIN and a decrease by GA. Fructan and sucrose levels were not affected. This observed discrepancy demonstrates the importance of determining enzyme activities to obtain insight into the physiological traits and ultimately the plant phenotype. The comparative analyses of activities for seven key enzymes of primary carbohydrate metabolism revealed no co-regulation between enzymes of the fructan and sucrose pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gasperl
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Annette Morvan-Bertrand
- Normandie UniversitéCaen, France
- UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCS, Université de Caen NormandieCaen, France
- INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCSCaen, France
| | - Marie-Pascale Prud'homme
- Normandie UniversitéCaen, France
- UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCS, Université de Caen NormandieCaen, France
- INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCSCaen, France
| | | | - Thomas Roitsch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazGraz, Austria
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