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Liu H, Sun J, Zou J, Li B, Jin H. MeJA-mediated enhancement of salt-tolerance of Populus wutunensis by 5-aminolevulinic acid. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:185. [PMID: 37024791 PMCID: PMC10077631 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural and environmentally benign multifunctional plant growth regulator involved in the regulation of plant tolerance to various environmental stresses. This research aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in Populus wutunensis induced by exogenous ALA using physiological and transcriptomic analyses. RESULTS Physiological results showed that 50 mg·L- 1 ALA-treatment significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the relative electrical conductivity (REC) and enhanced antioxidant activities of enzymes such as SOD, POD and CAT in salt-stressed P. wutunensis seedlings. Transcriptome analysis identified ALA-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associating with increased salt-tolerance in P. wutunensis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that ALA activated the jasmonic acid signaling and significantly enhanced the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Results of the hormone-quantification by LC-MS/MS-based assays showed that ALA could increase the accumulation of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in salt-stressed P. wutunensis. Induced contents of soluble proteins and flavonoids by exogenous ALA in salt-treated seedlings were also correlated with the MeJA content. CONCLUSION 5-aminolevulinic acid improved the protein-folding efficiency in the endoplasmic reticulum and the flavonoid-accumulation through the MeJA-activated jasmonic acid signaling, thereby increased salt-tolerance in P. wutunensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Jingliang Sun
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Jixiang Zou
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Baisheng Li
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Hua Jin
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
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Zhang Z, Yuan L, Ma Y, Kang Z, Zhou F, Gao Y, Yang S, Li T, Hu X. Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid alleviates low-temperature damage by modulating the xanthophyll cycle and nutrient uptake in tomato seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 189:83-93. [PMID: 36058015 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), an antioxidant existing in plants, has been widely reported to participate in the process of coping with cold stress of plants. In this study, exogenous ALA promoted the growth of tomato plants and alleviated the appearance of purple tomato leaves under low-temperature stress. At the same time, exogenous ALA improved antioxidant enzyme activities, SlSOD gene expression, Fv/Fm, and proline contents and reduced H2O2 contents, SlRBOH gene expression, relative electrical conductivity, and malondialdehyde contents to alleviate the damage caused by low temperature to tomato seedlings. Compared with low-temperature stress, spraying exogenous ALA before low-temperature stress could restore the indicators of photochemical quenching, actual photochemical efficiency, electron transport rate, and nonphotochemical quenching to normal. Exogenous ALA could increase the total contents of the xanthophyll cycle pool, the positive de-epoxidation rate of the xanthophyll cycle and improved the expression levels of key genes in the xanthophyll cycle under low-temperature stress. In addition, we found that exogenous ALA significantly enhanced the absorption of mineral nutrients, promoted the transfer and distribution of mineral nutrients to the leaves, and improved the expression levels of mineral nutrient absorption-related genes, which were all conducive to the improved adaptation of tomato seedlings under low-temperature stress. In summary, the application of exogenous ALA can increase tomato seedlings' tolerance to low-temperature stress by improving the xanthophyll cycle and the ability of the absorption of mineral nutrients in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Luqiao Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yongbo Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yi Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shichun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Cai C, He S, An Y, Wang L. Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid improves strawberry tolerance to osmotic stress and its possible mechanisms. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:948-962. [PMID: 31621913 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated strawberry, one of the major fruit crops worldwide, is an evergreen plant with shallow root system, and thus sensitive to environmental changes, including drought stress. To investigate the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a new environment-friendly plant growth regulator, on strawberry drought tolerance and its possible mechanisms, we treated strawberry (Fragaria × annanasa Duch. cv. 'Benihoppe') with 15% polyethylene glycol 6000 to simulate osmotic stress with or without 10 mg l-1 ALA. We found that ALA significantly alleviated PEG-inhibited plant growth and improved water absorption and xylem sap flux, indicating ALA mitigates the adverse effect of osmotic stress on strawberry plants. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis showed that ALA mitigated PEG-induced decreases of Pn , Gs , Tr , Pn /Ci , photosystem I and II reaction center activities, electron transport activity, and photosynthetic performance indexes. Equally important, ALA promoted PEG-increased antioxidant enzyme activities and repressed PEG-increased malondialdehyde and superoxide anion in both leaves and roots. Specially, ALA repressed H2 O2 increase in leaves, but stimulated it in roots. Furthermore, ALA repressed abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling gene expressions in leaves, but promoted those in roots. In addition, ALA blocked PEG-downregulated expressions of plasmalemma and tonoplast aquaporin genes PIP and TIP in both leaves and roots. Taken together, ALA effectively enhances strawberry drought tolerance and the mechanism is related to the improvement of water absorption and conductivity. The tissue-specific responses of ABA biosynthesis, ABA signaling, and H2 O2 accumulation to ALA in leaves and roots play key roles in ALA-improved strawberry tolerance to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Cai
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shasha He
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuyan An
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liangju Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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An Y, Xiong L, Hu S, Wang L. PP2A and microtubules function in 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated H 2 O 2 signaling in Arabidopsis guard cells. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:709-724. [PMID: 31381165 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a plant growth regulator with great application potential in agriculture and horticulture, induces stomatal opening and inhibits stomatal closure by decreasing guard cell H2 O2 . However, the mechanisms behind ALA-decreased H2 O2 in guard cells are not fully understood. Here, using type 2A protein phosphatase (PP2A) inhibitors, microtubule-stabilizing/disrupting drugs and green fluorescent protein-tagged α-tubulin 6 transgenic Arabidopsis (GFP-TUA6), we find that PP2A and cortical microtubules (MTs) are involved in ALA-regulated stomatal movement. Then, we analyze stomatal responses of Arabidopsis overexpressing C2 catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2A-C2) and pp2a-c2 mutant to ALA and abscisic acid (ABA) under both light and dark conditions, and show that PP2A-C2 participates in ALA-induced stomatal movement. Furthermore, using pharmacological methods and confocal studies, we reveal that PP2A and MTs function upstream and downstream, respectively, of H2 O2 in guard cell signaling. Finally, we demonstrate the role of H2 O2 -mediated microtubule arrangement in ALA inhibiting ABA-induced stomatal closure. Our findings indicate that MTs regulated by PP2A-mediated H2 O2 decreasing play an important role in ALA guard cell signaling, revealing new insights into stomatal movement regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan An
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lijun Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shu Hu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liangju Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Elansary HO, El-Ansary DO, Al-Mana FA. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Soil Fertility Enhance the Resistance of Rosemary to Alternaria dauci and Rhizoctonia solani and Modulate Plant Biochemistry. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:plants8120585. [PMID: 31835349 PMCID: PMC6963295 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infection of horticultural and cereal crops by Alternaria dauci and Rhizoctonia solani represents an important biotic stress that could be alleviated by application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to fertile and poor soils. Therefore, in this study, the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic effects of ALA application (eight weekly applications at 3-10 ppm) to A. dauci- and R. solani-infected Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary) in fertile and poor soils were investigated. ALA-treated plants produced the longest and highest number of branches and had higher fresh and dry weights. There were increases in the major essential oil constituents (1,8-cineole, linalool, camphor, and borneol), as shown by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); higher antioxidant activities in DPPH and β-carotene-bleaching assays; upregulated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzyme activities; increased total phenolics, chlorophyll, soluble sugars, and proline; increased gas exchange parameters; enhanced leaf water potential and relative water content (RWC); and upregulated expression of DREB2 and ERF3 (stress-related genes) and FeSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, and MnSOD (antioxidant genes). Several mechanisms were involved, including stress tolerance, antioxidative, and transcription regulation mechanisms. Furthermore, ALA performance was increased in higher-quality soils with higher nutrient content. This study demonstrated the novel application of ALA as a biotic stress ameliorant with enhanced performance in fertile soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-0581216322
| | - Diaa O. El-Ansary
- Precision Agriculture Laboratory, Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt;
| | - Fahed A. Al-Mana
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Al-Ghamdi AA, Elansary HO. Synergetic effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid and Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extracts on Asparagus phenolics and stress related genes under saline irrigation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 129:273-284. [PMID: 29906777 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major agricultural problems that may threat food security and limit the agricultural lands expansion worldwide. Exploring novel tools controlling saline conditions and increase valuable secondary metabolites in the horticultural crops might have outstanding results that serve humanity in the current century. The current study explores the effects of weekly seaweed extracts (7 mL L-1) and/or 5-aminolevulinic acid (3, 5 and 10 ppm) sprays on Asparagus aethiopicus plants subjected to saline stress conditions (2000 and 4000 ppm) for 6 weeks in two consecutive seasons of 2016 and 2017. Under saline conditions, there were stimulatory synergetic effects of seaweed extracts (SWE) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on branch length and number of treated plants. Similar increases were also found in fresh and the dry weight of treated plants compared to control. These morphological improvements associated with increased accumulation of specific phenols (robinin, rutin, apigein, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid) as revealed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD). There were increases in the antioxidant activities of leaf extracts, chlorophyll content and sugars and proline accumulation. The transpiration and photosynthetic rates as well as the stomatal conductance were enhanced. The morphological and physiological improvements associated with increased expression of several genes responsible for water management (ANN1, ANN2 and PIP1), secondary metabolite production (P5CS1 and CHS) and antioxidants accumulation (APX1 and GPX3) in plants. Our findings indicate that SWE + ALA had stimulatory synergetic effects on the growth and secondary metabolites of A. aethiopicus subjected to saline conditions. Several mechanisms are involved in such effects including gas exchange control, sugar buildup, increasing non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants control of reactive oxygen species accumulation as well as transcriptional and metabolic regulation of environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Al-Ghamdi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus (APK) Campus, 2006, South Africa.
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Liu T, Hu X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Du Q, Li J. H 2O 2 mediates ALA-induced glutathione and ascorbate accumulation in the perception and resistance to oxidative stress in Solanum lycopersicum at low temperatures. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:34. [PMID: 29448924 PMCID: PMC5815209 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperature is a crucial factor influencing plant growth and development. The chlorophyll precursor, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is widely used to improve plant cold tolerance. However, the interaction between H2O2 and cellular redox signaling involved in ALA-induced resistance to low temperature stress in plants remains largely unknown. Here, the roles of ALA in perceiving and regulating low temperature-induced oxidative stress in tomato plants, together with the roles of H2O2 and cellular redox states, were characterized. RESULTS Low concentrations (10-25 mg·L- 1) of ALA enhanced low temperature-induced oxidative stress tolerance of tomato seedlings. The most effective concentration was 25 mg·L- 1, which markedly increased the ratio of reduced glutathione and ascorbate (GSH and AsA), and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase. Furthermore, gene expression of respiratory burst oxidase homolog1 and H2O2 content were upregulated with ALA treatment under normal conditions. Treatment with exogenous H2O2, GSH, and AsA also induced plant tolerance to oxidative stress at low temperatures, while inhibition of GSH and AsA syntheses significantly decreased H2O2-induced oxidative stress tolerance. Meanwhile, scavenging or inhibition of H2O2 production weakened, but did not eliminate, GSH- or AsA- induced tomato plant tolerance to oxidative stress at low temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate concentrations of ALA alleviated the low temperature-induced oxidative stress in tomato plants via an antioxidant system. The most effective concentration was 25 mg·L- 1. The results showed that H2O2 induced by exogenous ALA under normal conditions is crucial and may be the initial step for perception and signaling transmission, which then improves the ratio of GSH and AsA. GSH and AsA may then interact with H2O2 signaling, resulting in enhanced antioxidant capacity in tomato plants at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Junheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Qingjie Du
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
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An Y, Liu L, Chen L, Wang L. ALA Inhibits ABA-induced Stomatal Closure via Reducing H2O2 and Ca(2+) Levels in Guard Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:482. [PMID: 27148309 PMCID: PMC4826879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a newly proved natural plant growth regulator, is well known to improve plant photosynthesis under both normal and stressful conditions. However, its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Stomatal closure is one of the major limiting factors for photosynthesis and abscisic acid (ABA) is the most important hormone in provoking stomatal closing. Here, we showed that ALA significantly inhibited ABA-induced stomatal closure using wild-type and ALA-overproducing transgenic Arabidopsis (YHem1). We found that ALA decreased ABA-induced H2O2 and cytosolic Ca(2+) accumulation in guard cells with stomatal bioassay, laser-scanning confocal microscopy and pharmacological methods. The inhibitory effect of ALA on ABA-induced stomatal closure was similar to that of AsA (an important reducing substrate for H2O2 removal), CAT (a H2O2-scavenging enzyme), DPI (an inhibitor of the H2O2-generating NADPH oxidase), EGTA (a Ca-chelating agent), and AlCl3 (an inhibitor of calcium channel). Furthermore, ALA inhibited exogenous H2O2- or Ca(2+)-induced stomatal closure. Taken together, we conclude that ALA inhibits ABA-induced stomatal closure via reducing H2O2, probably by scavenging, and Ca(2+) levels in guard cells. Moreover, the inhibitive effect of ALA on ABA-induced stomatal closure was further confirmed in the whole plant. Finally, we demonstrated that ALA inhibits stomatal closing, but significantly improves plant drought tolerance. Our results provide valuable information for the promotion of plant production and development of a sustainable low-carbon society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liangju Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
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