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Zhang Y, Fan Y, Lv X, Zeng X, Zhang Q, Wang P. Deficiency in NDH-cyclic electron transport retards heat acclimation of photosynthesis in tobacco over day and night shift. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1267191. [PMID: 38023894 PMCID: PMC10644794 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1267191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to cope with the impact of global warming and frequent extreme weather, thermal acclimation ability is particularly important for plant development and growth, but the mechanism behind is still not fully understood. To investigate the role of NADH dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH) mediated cyclic electron flow (CEF) contributing to heat acclimation, wild type (WT) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and its NDH-B or NDH-C, J, K subunits deficient mutants (ΔB or ΔCJK) were grown at 25/20°C before being shifted to a moderate heat stress environment (35/30°C). The photosynthetic performance of WT and ndh mutants could all eventually acclimate to the increased temperature, but the acclimation process of ndh mutants took longer. Transcriptome profiles revealed that ΔB mutant exhibited distinct photosynthetic-response patterns and stress-response genes compared to WT. Metabolite analysis suggested over-accumulated reducing power and production of more reactive oxygen species in ΔB mutant, which were likely associated with the non-parallel recovery of CO2 assimilation and light reactions shown in ΔB mutant during heat acclimation. Notably, in the warm night periods that could happen in the field, NDH pathway may link to the re-balance of excess reducing power accumulated during daytime. Thus, understanding the diurnal cycle contribution of NDH-mediated CEF for thermal acclimation is expected to facilitate efforts toward enhanced crop fitness and survival under future climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Fan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Lv
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyu Zeng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Kharabian-Masouleh A, Furtado A, Alsubaie B, Al-Dossary O, Wu A, Al-Mssalem I, Henry R. Loss of plastid ndh genes in an autotrophic desert plant. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5016-5027. [PMID: 37867970 PMCID: PMC10589726 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant plastid genomes are highly conserved with most flowering plants having the same complement of essential plastid genes. Here, we report the loss of five of the eleven NADH dehydrogenase subunit genes (ndh) in the plastid of a desert plant jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis). The plastid genome of jojoba was 156,496 bp with one large single copy region (LSC), a very small single copy region (SSC) and two expanded inverted repeats (IRA + IRB). The NADH dehydrogenase (NDH) complex is comprised of several protein subunits, encoded by the ndh genes of the plastome and the nucleus. The ndh genes are critical to the proper functioning of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and protection of plants from oxidative stress. Most plants are known to contain all eleven ndh genes. Plants with missing or defective ndh genes are often heterotrophs either due to their complete or holo- or myco- parasitic nature. Plants with a defective NDH complex, caused by the deletion/pseudogenisation of some or all the ndh genes, survive in milder climates suggesting the likely extinction of plant lineages lacking these genes under harsh climates. Interestingly, some autotrophic plants do exist without ndh gene/s and can cope with high or low light. This implies that these plants are protected from oxidative stress by mechanisms excluding ndh genes. Jojoba has evolved mechanisms to cope with a non-functioning NDH complex and survives in extreme desert conditions with abundant sunlight and limited water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardashir Kharabian-Masouleh
- Queensland Alliance for Innovation in Food and Agriculture (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Agnelo Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Innovation in Food and Agriculture (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bader Alsubaie
- Queensland Alliance for Innovation in Food and Agriculture (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University (KFU), Al Hofuf, 36362 Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Al-Dossary
- Queensland Alliance for Innovation in Food and Agriculture (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University (KFU), Al Hofuf, 36362 Saudi Arabia
| | - Alex Wu
- Queensland Alliance for Innovation in Food and Agriculture (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Mssalem
- College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University (KFU), Al Hofuf, 36362 Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Innovation in Food and Agriculture (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, The University of Queensland, Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Sun Y, Wang Q, Xiao H, Cheng J. Low Light Facilitates Cyclic Electron Flows around PSI to Assist PSII against High Temperature Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3537. [PMID: 36559650 PMCID: PMC9788621 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) of grapevine leaves is easily damaged under heat stress, but no such injury is observed when the leaves are heated in low light. To elucidate the mechanisms, we compared the photosynthetic characteristics of grapevine seedlings under heat treatments (42 °C) for 4 h in the dark or low light (200 μmol m-2 s-1). At 42 °C in the dark, the PSII maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) decreased significantly with the increase in time but did not change much in low light. The JIP (chlorophyll a fluorescence rise kinetics) test results showed that low light significantly alleviated the damage to the oxygen evolving complexes (OECs; the K-step was less visible) by heat stress. Further, in the presence of de novo D1 protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol, Fv/Fm did not differ significantly between dark and light treatments under heat stress. The 50% re-reduction (RR50) of P700+ on cessation of far-red illumination was faster after light treatment than that in the dark. After exposure to 25 °C in a low light for 15 min, Y(NO) (the constitutive non-regulatory non-photochemical quenching) treated by heat stress and darkness was higher than that by heat stress and light. Overall, our results suggested that enhanced CEFs around PSI in low light could assist PSII against heat damage by maintaining the rate of PSII repair and inhibiting the non-radiative charge recombination in PSII reaction centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huijie Xiao
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Xiao R, Zou Y, Guo X, Li H, Lu H. Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) modulate multiple lipid metabolism pathways to improve plant resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9997-10011. [PMID: 35819557 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological and abiotic stresses such as salt, extreme temperatures, and pests and diseases place major constraints on plant growth and crop yields. Fatty acids (FAs) and FA- derivatives are unique biologically active substance that show a wide range of functions in biological systems. They are not only participated in the regulation of energy storage substances and cell membrane plasm composition, but also extensively participate in the regulation of plant basic immunity, effector induced resistance and systemic resistance and other defense pathways, thereby improving plant resistance to adversity stress. Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) is involved in the desaturation of fatty acids, where desaturated fatty acids can be used as substrates for FA-derivatives. OBJECTIVE In this paper, the role of omega-FADs (ω-3 FADs and ω-6 FADs) in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis in plant defense against stress (biological and abiotic stress) and the latest research progress were summarized. Moreover' the existing problems in related research and future research directions were also discussed. RESULTS Fatty acid desaturases are involved in various responses of plants during biotic and abiotic stress. For example, it is involved in regulating the stability and fluidity of cell membranes, reactive oxygen species signaling pathways, etc. In this review, we have collected several experimental studies to represent the differential effects of fatty acid desaturases on biotic and abiotic species. CONCLUSION Fatty acid desaturases play an important role in regulating biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yirong Zou
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hai Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road 35, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Walter J, Kromdijk J. Here comes the sun: How optimization of photosynthetic light reactions can boost crop yields. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:564-591. [PMID: 34962073 PMCID: PMC9302994 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis started to evolve some 3.5 billion years ago CO2 is the substrate for photosynthesis and in the past 200-250 years, atmospheric levels have approximately doubled due to human industrial activities. However, this time span is not sufficient for adaptation mechanisms of photosynthesis to be evolutionarily manifested. Steep increases in human population, shortage of arable land and food, and climate change call for actions, now. Thanks to substantial research efforts and advances in the last century, basic knowledge of photosynthetic and primary metabolic processes can now be translated into strategies to optimize photosynthesis to its full potential in order to improve crop yields and food supply for the future. Many different approaches have been proposed in recent years, some of which have already proven successful in different crop species. Here, we summarize recent advances on modifications of the complex network of photosynthetic light reactions. These are the starting point of all biomass production and supply the energy equivalents necessary for downstream processes as well as the oxygen we breathe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Walter
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinois61801USA
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Sabater B. On the Edge of Dispensability, the Chloroplast ndh Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12505. [PMID: 34830386 PMCID: PMC8621559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The polypeptides encoded by the chloroplast ndh genes and some nuclear genes form the thylakoid NADH dehydrogenase (Ndh) complex, homologous to the mitochondrial complex I. Except for Charophyceae (algae related to higher plants) and a few Prasinophyceae, all eukaryotic algae lack ndh genes. Among vascular plants, the ndh genes are absent in epiphytic and in some species scattered among different genera, families, and orders. The recent identification of many plants lacking plastid ndh genes allows comparison on phylogenetic trees and functional investigations of the ndh genes. The ndh genes protect Angiosperms under various terrestrial stresses, maintaining efficient photosynthesis. On the edge of dispensability, ndh genes provide a test for the natural selection of photosynthesis-related genes in evolution. Variable evolutionary environments place Angiosperms without ndh genes at risk of extinction and, probably, most extant ones may have lost ndh genes recently. Therefore, they are evolutionary endpoints in phylogenetic trees. The low number of sequenced plastid DNA and the long lifespan of some Gymnosperms lacking ndh genes challenge models about the role of ndh genes protecting against stress and promoting leaf senescence. Additional DNA sequencing in Gymnosperms and investigations into the molecular mechanisms of their response to stress will provide a unified model of the evolutionary and functional consequences of the lack of ndh genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomé Sabater
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Jiang Y, Feng X, Wang H, Chen Y, Sun Y. Heat-induced down-regulation of photosystem II protects photosystem I in honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:1311-1321. [PMID: 34351552 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) is a traditional medicinal plant in China which is often threatened by high temperature at midday during summer. Heat-induced effects on the photosynthetic apparatus in honeysuckle are associated with a depression of the photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency. However, very limited information is available on regulation of photosynthetic electron flow in PSI photoprotection in heat-stressed honeysuckle. Simultaneous analyses of chlorophyll fluorescence and the change in absorbance of P700 showed that energy transformation and electron transfer activity in PSII decreased under heat stress, but the fraction of photo-oxidizable PSI (Pm) remained stable. With treatments at 38 and 42 °C, the photochemical electron transport in PSII was suppressed, whereas the cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI was induced. In addition, the levels of high energy state quenching (qE) and P700 oxidation increased significantly with increasing temperature. However, a decline of qE in antimycin A (AA)- or 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU)-treated leaves after heat treatment was observed, while P700 oxidation decreased only in the presence of AA. The results indicate that heat-induced inhibition of PSII and induction of CEF cooperatively protect PSI from ROS damages through moderate down-regulation of photosynthetic electron flow from PSII to PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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8
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Zhu RM, Chai S, Zhang ZZ, Ma CL, Zhang Y, Li S. Arabidopsis Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility1 (CGF1) and CGF2 are essential for chloroplast development and female gametogenesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:172. [PMID: 32306898 PMCID: PMC7168881 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloroplasts are essential organelles of plant cells for not only being the energy factory but also making plant cells adaptable to different environmental stimuli. The nuclear genome encodes most of the chloroplast proteins, among which a large percentage of membrane proteins have yet to be functionally characterized. RESULTS We report here functional characterization of two nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins, Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility (CGF1) and CGF2. CGF1 and CGF2 are expressed in diverse tissues and developmental stages. Proteins they encode are associated with chloroplasts through a N-terminal chloroplast-targeting signal in green tissues but also located at plastids in roots and seeds. Mutants of CGF1 and CGF2 generated by CRISPR/Cas9 exhibited vegetative defects, including reduced leaf size, dwarfism, and abnormal cell death. CGF1 and CGF2 redundantly mediate female gametogenesis, likely by securing local energy supply. Indeed, mutations of both genes impaired chloroplast integrity whereas exogenous sucrose rescued the growth defects of the CGF double mutant. CONCLUSION This study reports that two nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins, Chloroplast protein for Growth and Fertility (CGF1) and CGF2, play important roles in vegetative growth, in female gametogenesis, and in embryogenesis likely by mediating chloroplast integrity and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Min Zhu
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Sen Chai
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhuang-Zhuang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chang-Le Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Tan Y, Zhang QS, Zhao W, Liu Z, Ma MY, Zhong MY, Wang MX. The highly efficient NDH-dependent photosystem I cyclic electron flow pathway in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:49-62. [PMID: 32152819 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Zostera marina, a fully submerged marine angiosperm with a unique evolutionary history associated with its terrestrial origin, has distinct photochemical characteristics caused by its oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) being prone to deactivation in visible light. Based on the present phylogenetic analysis, the chloroplast NADPH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex was found to be completed in of Z. marina, unlike other marine plants, suggesting its crucial role. Thus, the responses of electron transport to irradiation were investigated through multiple chlorophyll fluorescence techniques and Western blot analysis. Moreover, the respective contribution of the two photosystem I cyclic electron flow (PSI-CEF) pathways to the generation of trans-thylakoid proton gradient (∆pH) was also examined using inhibitors. The contributions of the two PSI-CEF pathways to ∆pH were similar; furthermore, there was a trade-off between the two pathways under excess irradiation: the PGR5/L1-dependent PSI-CEF decreased gradually following its activation during the initial illumination, while NDH-dependent PSI-CEF was activated gradually with exposure duration. OEC inactivation was continuously under excess irradiation, which exhibits a positive linear correlation with the activation of NDH-dependent PSI-CEF. We suggest that PGR5/L1-dependent PSI-CEF was preferentially activated to handle the excess electron caused by the operation of OEC during the initial illumination. Subsequently, the increasing OEC inactivation with exposure duration resulted in a deficit of electrons. Limited electrons from PSI might preferentially synthesize NADPH, which could support the function of NDH-dependent PSI-CEF to generate ∆pH and ATP via reducing ferredoxin, thereby maintaining OEC stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Sheng Zhang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yu Ma
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yu Zhong
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xin Wang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
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Raven JA, Beardall J, Quigg A. Light-Driven Oxygen Consumption in the Water-Water Cycles and Photorespiration, and Light Stimulated Mitochondrial Respiration. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ALGAE: BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33397-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Molecular mechanisms involved in plant photoprotection. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:467-482. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20170307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into biomass and oxygen. When in excess, light can be dangerous for the photosynthetic apparatus because it can cause photo-oxidative damage and decreases the efficiency of photosynthesis because of photoinhibition. Plants have evolved many photoprotective mechanisms in order to face reactive oxygen species production and thus avoid photoinhibition. These mechanisms include quenching of singlet and triplet excited states of chlorophyll, synthesis of antioxidant molecules and enzymes and repair processes for damaged photosystem II and photosystem I reaction centers. This review focuses on the mechanisms involved in photoprotection of chloroplasts through dissipation of energy absorbed in excess.
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12
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Ivanov AG, Velitchkova MY, Allakhverdiev SI, Huner NPA. Heat stress-induced effects of photosystem I: an overview of structural and functional responses. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:17-30. [PMID: 28391379 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the main factors controlling the formation, development, and functional performance of the photosynthetic apparatus in all photoautotrophs (green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria) on Earth. The projected climate change scenarios predict increases in air temperature across Earth's biomes ranging from moderate (3-4 °C) to extreme (6-8 °C) by the year 2100 (IPCC in Climate change 2007: The physical science basis: summery for policymakers, IPCC WG1 Fourth Assessment Report 2007; Climate change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change, IPCC WG3 Fifth Assessment Report 2014). In some areas, especially of the Northern hemisphere, even more extreme warm seasonal temperatures may occur, which possibly will cause significant negative effects on the development, growth, and yield of important agricultural crops. It is well documented that high temperatures can cause direct damages of the photosynthetic apparatus and photosystem II (PSII) is generally considered to be the primary target of heat-induced inactivation of photosynthesis. However, since photosystem I (PSI) is considered to determine the global amount of enthalpy in living systems (Nelson in Biochim Biophys Acta 1807:856-863, 2011; Photosynth Res 116:145-151, 2013), the effects of elevated temperatures on PSI might be of vital importance for regulating the photosynthetic response of all photoautotrophs in the changing environment. In this review, we summarize the experimental data that demonstrate the critical impact of heat-induced alterations on the structure, composition, and functional performance of PSI and their significant implications on photosynthesis under future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Maya Y Velitchkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, 142290, Russia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Matbuat Avenue 2a, 1073, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Norman P A Huner
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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Sun Y, Geng Q, Du Y, Yang X, Zhai H. Induction of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I during heat stress in grape leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 256:65-71. [PMID: 28167040 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) in plants is susceptible to high temperatures. The cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI is thought to protect both PSII and PSI from photodamage. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms of the photosynthetic electron transport process and the role of CEF in grape at high temperatures remain unclear. To investigate this issue, we examined the responses of PSII energy distribution, the P700 redox state and CEF to high temperatures in grape leaves. After exposing 'Cabernet Sauvignon' leaves to various temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45°C) in the light (600μmol photons m-2s-1) for 4h, the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) significantly decreased at high temperatures (40 and 45°C), while the maximum photo-oxidizable P700 (Pm) was not affected. As the temperature increased, higher initial rates of increase in post-illumination Chl fluorescence were detected, which were accompanied by an increase in high energy state quenching (qE). The chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-dependent CEF (NDH-dependent CEF) activities were different among grape cultivators. 'Gold Finger' with greater susceptibility to photoinhibition, exhibited lower NDH-dependent CEF activities under acute heat stress than a more heat tolerant 'Cabernet Sauvignon'. These results suggest that overclosure of PSII reaction centers at high temperature resulted in the photoinhibition of PSII, while the stimulation of CEF in grape played an important role in the photoprotection of PSII and PSI at high temperatures through contributing to the generation of a proton gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Sun
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwei Geng
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanpeng Du
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xinghong Yang
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Heng Zhai
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
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