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Nguyen TNG, Pham CV, Chowdhury R, Patel S, Jaysawal SK, Hou Y, Xu H, Jia L, Duan A, Tran PHL, Duan W. Development of Blueberry-Derived Extracellular Nanovesicles for Immunomodulatory Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2115. [PMID: 37631329 PMCID: PMC10458573 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a significant expansion in the development of plant-derived extracellular nanovesicles (EVs) as an effective drug delivery system for precision therapy. However, the lack of effective methods for the isolation and characterization of plant EVs hampers progress in the field. To solve a challenge related to systemic separation and characterization in the plant-derived EV field, herein, we report the development of a simple 3D inner filter-based method that allows the extraction of apoplastic fluid (AF) from blueberry, facilitating EV isolation as well as effective downstream applications. Class I chitinase (PR-3) was found in blueberry-derived EVs (BENVs). As Class I chitinase is expressed in a wide range of plants, it could serve as a universal marker for plant-derived EVs. Significantly, the BENVs exhibit not only higher drug loading capacity than that reported for other EVs but also possess the ability to modulate the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 and total glutathione in response to oxidative stress. Therefore, the BENV is a promising edible multifunctional nano-bio-platform for future immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Ngoc-Gia Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Cuong Viet Pham
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Rocky Chowdhury
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Shweta Patel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Satendra Kumar Jaysawal
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Yingchun Hou
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang’an Avenue, Xi’an 710119, China;
| | - Huo Xu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (H.X.); (L.J.)
| | - Lee Jia
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (H.X.); (L.J.)
| | - Andrew Duan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Phuong Ha-Lien Tran
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (T.N.-G.N.); (C.V.P.); (R.C.); (S.P.); (S.K.J.)
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Semi-Targeted Profiling of the Lipidome Changes Induced by Erysiphe Necator in Disease-Resistant and Vitis vinifera L. Varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044072. [PMID: 36835477 PMCID: PMC9958630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ascomycete Erysiphe necator is a serious pathogen in viticulture. Despite the fact that some grapevine genotypes exhibit mono-locus or pyramided resistance to this fungus, the lipidomics basis of these genotypes' defense mechanisms remains unknown. Lipid molecules have critical functions in plant defenses, acting as structural barriers in the cell wall that limit pathogen access or as signaling molecules after stress responses that may regulate innate plant immunity. To unravel and better understand their involvement in plant defense, we used a novel approach of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS/MS to study how E. necator infection changes the lipid profile of genotypes with different sources of resistance, including BC4 (Run1), "Kishmish vatkhana" (Ren1), F26P92 (Ren3; Ren9), and "Teroldego" (a susceptible genotype), at 0, 24, and 48 hpi. The lipidome alterations were most visible at 24 hpi for BC4 and F26P92, and at 48 hpi for "Kishmish vatkhana". Among the most abundant lipids in grapevine leaves were the extra-plastidial lipids: glycerophosphocholine (PCs), glycerophosphoethanolamine (PEs) and the signaling lipids: glycerophosphates (Pas) and glycerophosphoinositols (PIs), followed by the plastid lipids: glycerophosphoglycerols (PGs), monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs), and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs) and, in lower amounts lyso-glycerophosphocholines (LPCs), lyso-glycerophosphoglycerols (LPGs), lyso-glycerophosphoinositols (LPIs), and lyso-glycerophosphoethanolamine (LPEs). Furthermore, the three resistant genotypes had the most prevalent down-accumulated lipid classes, while the susceptible genotype had the most prevalent up-accumulated lipid classes.
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Cavaco AR, Matos AR, Figueiredo A. Speaking the language of lipids: the cross-talk between plants and pathogens in defence and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4399-4415. [PMID: 33638652 PMCID: PMC11073031 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipids and fatty acids play crucial roles in plant immunity, which have been highlighted over the past few decades. An increasing number of studies have shown that these molecules are pivotal in the interactions between plants and their diverse pathogens. The roles played by plant lipids fit in a wide spectrum ranging from the first physical barrier encountered by the pathogens, the cuticle, to the signalling pathways that trigger different immune responses and expression of defence-related genes, mediated by several lipid molecules. Moreover, lipids have been arising as candidate biomarkers of resistance or susceptibility to different pathogens. Studies on the apoplast and extracellular vesicles have been highlighting the possible role of lipids in the intercellular communication and the establishment of systemic acquired resistance during plant-pathogen interactions. From the pathogen perspective, lipid metabolism and specific lipid molecules play pivotal roles in the pathogen's life cycle completion, being crucial during recognition by the plant and evasion from the host immune system, therefore potentiating infection. Studies conducted in the last years have contributed to a better understanding of the language of lipids during the cross-talk between plants and pathogens. However, it is essential to continue exploring the knowledge brought up to light by transcriptomics and proteomics studies towards the elucidation of lipid signalling processes during defence and disease. In this review, we present an updated overview on lipids associated to plant-pathogen interactions, exploiting their roles from the two sides of this battle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Cavaco
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Schenk HJ, Michaud JM, Mocko K, Espino S, Melendres T, Roth MR, Welti R, Kaack L, Jansen S. Lipids in xylem sap of woody plants across the angiosperm phylogeny. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1477-1494. [PMID: 33295003 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipids have been observed attached to lumen-facing surfaces of mature xylem conduits of several plant species, but there has been little research on their functions or effects on water transport, and only one lipidomic study of the xylem apoplast. Therefore, we conducted lipidomic analyses of xylem sap from woody stems of seven plants representing six major angiosperm clades, including basal magnoliids, monocots and eudicots, to characterize and quantify phospholipids, galactolipids and sulfolipids in sap using mass spectrometry. Locations of lipids in vessels of Laurus nobilis were imaged using transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Xylem sap contained the galactolipids di- and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, as well as all common plant phospholipids, but only traces of sulfolipids, with total lipid concentrations in extracted sap ranging from 0.18 to 0.63 nmol ml-1 across all seven species. Contamination of extracted sap from lipids in cut living cells was found to be negligible. Lipid composition of sap was compared with wood in two species and was largely similar, suggesting that sap lipids, including galactolipids, originate from cell content of living vessels. Seasonal changes in lipid composition of sap were observed for one species. Lipid layers coated all lumen-facing vessel surfaces of L. nobilis, and lipids were highly concentrated in inter-vessel pits. The findings suggest that apoplastic, amphiphilic xylem lipids are a universal feature of angiosperms. The findings require a reinterpretation of the cohesion-tension theory of water transport to account for the effects of apoplastic lipids on dynamic surface tension and hydraulic conductance in xylem.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jochen Schenk
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Boulevard, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Joseph M Michaud
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Boulevard, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Kerri Mocko
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Boulevard, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Susana Espino
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Boulevard, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Tatiana Melendres
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Boulevard, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Mary R Roth
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Ruth Welti
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Lucian Kaack
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
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Figueiredo J, Cavaco AR, Guerra-Guimarães L, Leclercq C, Renaut J, Cunha J, Eiras-Dias J, Cordeiro C, Matos AR, Sousa Silva M, Figueiredo A. An apoplastic fluid extraction method for the characterization of grapevine leaves proteome and metabolome from a single sample. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:343-357. [PMID: 32860657 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of complex biological systems keeps challenging researchers. The main goal of systems biology is to decipher interactions within cells, by integrating datasets from large scale analytical approaches including transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics and more specialized 'OMICS' such as epigenomics and lipidomics. Studying different cellular compartments allows a broader understanding of cell dynamics. Plant apoplast, the cellular compartment external to the plasma membrane including the cell wall, is particularly demanding to analyze. Despite our knowledge on apoplast involvement on several processes from cell growth to stress responses, its dynamics is still poorly known due to the lack of efficient extraction processes adequate to each plant system. Analyzing woody plants such as grapevine raises even more challenges. Grapevine is among the most important fruit crops worldwide and a wider characterization of its apoplast is essential for a deeper understanding of its physiology and cellular mechanisms. Here, we describe, for the first time, a vacuum-infiltration-centrifugation method that allows a simultaneous extraction of grapevine apoplastic proteins and metabolites from leaves on a single sample, compatible with high-throughput mass spectrometry analyses. The extracted apoplast from two grapevine cultivars, Vitis vinifera cv 'Trincadeira' and 'Regent', was directly used for proteomics and metabolomics analysis. The proteome was analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS and more than 700 common proteins were identified, with highly diverse biological functions. The metabolome profile through FT-ICR-MS allowed the identification of 514 unique putative compounds revealing a broad spectrum of molecular classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiredo
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Cavaco
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Guerra-Guimarães
- Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Céline Leclercq
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jorge Cunha
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - José Eiras-Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordeiro
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
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Morris H, Plavcová L, Gorai M, Klepsch MM, Kotowska M, Jochen Schenk H, Jansen S. Vessel-associated cells in angiosperm xylem: Highly specialized living cells at the symplast-apoplast boundary. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:151-160. [PMID: 29578292 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vessel-associated cells (VACs) are highly specialized, living parenchyma cells that are in direct contact with water-conducting, dead vessels. The contact may be sparse or in large tight groups of parenchyma that completely surrounds vessels. VACs differ from vessel distant parenchyma in physiology, anatomy, and function and have half-bordered pits at the vessel-parenchyma juncture. The distinct anatomy of VACs is related to the exchange of substances to and from the water-transport system, with the cells long thought to be involved in water transport in woody angiosperms, but where direct experimental evidence is lacking. SCOPE This review focuses on our current knowledge of VACs regarding anatomy and function, including hydraulic capacitance, storage of nonstructural carbohydrates, symplastic and apoplastic interactions, defense against pathogens and frost, osmoregulation, and the novel hypothesis of surfactant production. Based on microscopy, we visually represent how VACs vary in dimensions and general appearance between species, with special attention to the protoplast, amorphous layer, and the vessel-parenchyma pit membrane. CONCLUSIONS An understanding of the relationship between VACs and vessels is crucial to tackling questions related to how water is transported over long distances in xylem, as well as defense against pathogens. New avenues of research show how parenchyma-vessel contact is related to vessel diameter and a new hypothesis may explain how surfactants arising from VAC can allow water to travel under negative pressure. We also reinforce the message of connectivity between VAC and other cells between xylem and phloem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Morris
- Ulm University, Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Laboratory for Applied Wood Materials, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lenka Plavcová
- University of Hradec Králové, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Rokitanského 62, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Mustapha Gorai
- University of Gabes, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, Medenine, 4119, Tunisia
| | - Matthias M Klepsch
- Ulm University, Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martyna Kotowska
- Ulm University, Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Macquarie University, Department of Biological Sciences, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - H Jochen Schenk
- California State University Fullerton, Department of Biological Science, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA, 92831-3599, USA
| | - Steven Jansen
- Ulm University, Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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