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Umberath KM, Mischke A, Caspers-Weiffenbach R, Backmann L, Scharfenberger-Schmeer M, Wegmann-Herr P, Schieber A, Weber F. Curse or blessing: Growth- and laccase-modulating properties of polyphenols and their oxidized derivatives on Botrytis cinerea. Food Res Int 2024; 192:114782. [PMID: 39147480 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Infection of grapevines with the grey mold pathogen Botrytis cinerea results in severe problems for winemakers worldwide. Browning of wine is caused by the laccase-mediated oxidation of polyphenols. In the last decades, Botrytis management has become increasingly difficult due to the rising number of resistances and the genetic variety of Botrytis strains. During the search for sustainable fungicides, polyphenols showed great potential to inhibit fungal growth. The present study revealed two important aspects regarding the effects of grape-specific polyphenols and their polymerized oxidation products on Botrytis wild strains. On the one hand, laccase-mediated oxidized polyphenols, which resemble the products found in infected grapes, showed the same potential for inhibition of growth and laccase activity, but differed from their native forms. On the other hand, the impact of phenolic compounds on mycelial growth is not correlated to the effect on laccase activity. Instead, mycelial growth and relative specific laccase activity appear to be modulated independently. All phenolic compounds showed not only inhibitory but also inductive effects on fungal growth and/or laccase activity, an observation which is reported for the first time. The simultaneous inhibition of growth and laccase activity demonstrated may serve as a basis for the development of a natural botryticide. Yet, the results showed considerable differences between genetically distinguishable strains, impeding the use of a specific phenolic compound against the genetic variety of wild strains. The present findings might have important implications for future understanding of Botrytis cinerea infections and sustainable Botrytis management including the role of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Marie Umberath
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, Agricultural Faculty, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Anna Mischke
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, Agricultural Faculty, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rita Caspers-Weiffenbach
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, Agricultural Faculty, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Louis Backmann
- Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, D-67435 Neustadt, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemical Plant Ecology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Maren Scharfenberger-Schmeer
- Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, D-67435 Neustadt, Germany; Hochschule Kaiserslautern, Weincampus Neustadt, Breitenweg 71, D-67435 Neustadt, Germany.
| | - Pascal Wegmann-Herr
- Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, D-67435 Neustadt, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schieber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, Agricultural Faculty, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Fabian Weber
- Section of Organic Food Quality, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany.
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Wallis CM. Characterization of data observing Meloidogyne incognita, Neofusicoccum parvum, and Xylella fastidiosa infection effects on development of grapevine phenolic compound levels and resistance to subsequent Neofusicoccum parvum infections. Data Brief 2024; 54:110301. [PMID: 38524842 PMCID: PMC10957448 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Grapevines encounter many different pathogens throughout their lifespans, including the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa, which causes Pierce's disease that results in vascular occlusion and eventual plant host death, the fungal pathogen Neofusicoccum parvum, which causes stem cankers that kill individual vines and reduce fruit yields, and the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, which destroys root tissues that impacts host vigour. To date, little research has been conducted to examine how one infection could impact subsequent infections by the same or different pathogens despite this is important to ensure healthy vineyards. Therefore, grapevines initially infected with either X. fastidiosa, N. parvum, or M. incognita were subsequently infected with N. parvum eight weeks later to observe developing lesion lengths, which were assessed to determine grapevine resistance to infections. Collected data shows that when prior infections were present, the N. parvum lesions lengths were smaller. This suggests grapevines had induced resistance to combat infections. Further, defence-associated phenolics were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography to determine roles in observed resistance to the secondary N. parvum infections. Data shows that of the different phenolics examined, only stilbenoids were different due to infections, with lowered levels observed in plants that were infected compared with non-infected controls. These data provide insight into how infections by different pathogens could impact grapevine host resistance to new, subsequent pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Wallis
- Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture- Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 S. Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
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Gouveia C, Santos RB, Paiva-Silva C, Buchholz G, Malhó R, Figueiredo A. The pathogenicity of Plasmopara viticola: a review of evolutionary dynamics, infection strategies and effector molecules. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:327. [PMID: 38658826 PMCID: PMC11040782 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Oomycetes are filamentous organisms that resemble fungi in terms of morphology and life cycle, primarily due to convergent evolution. The success of pathogenic oomycetes lies in their ability to adapt and overcome host resistance, occasionally transitioning to new hosts. During plant infection, these organisms secrete effector proteins and other compounds during plant infection, as a molecular arsenal that contributes to their pathogenic success. Genomic sequencing, transcriptomic analysis, and proteomic studies have revealed highly diverse effector repertoires among different oomycete pathogens, highlighting their adaptability and evolution potential.The obligate biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola affects grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L.) causing the downy mildew disease, with significant economic impact. This disease is devastating in Europe, leading to substantial production losses. Even though Plasmopara viticola is a well-known pathogen, to date there are scarce reviews summarising pathogenicity, virulence, the genetics and molecular mechanisms of interaction with grapevine.This review aims to explore the current knowledge of the infection strategy, lifecycle, effector molecules, and pathogenicity of Plasmopara viticola. The recent sequencing of the Plasmopara viticola genome has provided new insights into understanding the infection strategies employed by this pathogen. Additionally, we will highlight the contributions of omics technologies in unravelling the ongoing evolution of this oomycete, including the first in-plant proteome analysis of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Gouveia
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita B Santos
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Paiva-Silva
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Günther Buchholz
- RLP AgroScience/AlPlanta-Institute for Plant Research, Neustadt an Der Weinstrasse, Germany
| | - Rui Malhó
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Ricciardi V, Crespan M, Maddalena G, Migliaro D, Brancadoro L, Maghradze D, Failla O, Toffolatti SL, De Lorenzis G. Novel loci associated with resistance to downy and powdery mildew in grapevine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1386225. [PMID: 38584944 PMCID: PMC10998452 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1386225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Among the main challenges in current viticulture, there is the increasing demand for sustainability in the protection from fungal diseases, such as downy mildew (DM) and powdery mildew (PM). Breeding disease-resistant grapevine varieties is a key strategy for better managing fungicide inputs. This study explores the diversity of grapevine germplasm (cultivated and wild) from Caucasus and neighboring areas to identify genotypes resistant to DM and PM, based on 13 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) loci and phenotypical (artificial pathogen inoculation) analysis, and to identify loci associated with DM and PM resistance, via Genome-Wide Association Analysis (GWAS) on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) profiles. SSR analysis revealed resistant alleles for 16 out of 88 genotypes. Phenotypic data identified seven DM and 31 PM resistant genotypes. GWAS identified two new loci associated with DM resistance, located on chromosome 15 and 16 (designated as Rpv36 and Rpv37), and two with PM resistance, located on chromosome 6 and 17 (designated as Ren14 and Ren15). The four novel loci identified genomic regions rich in genes related to biotic stress response, such as genes involved in pathogen recognition, signal transduction and resistance response. This study highlights potential candidate genes associated with resistance to DM and PM, providing valuable insights for breeding programs for resistant varieties. To optimize their utilization, further functional characterization studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ricciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Manna Crespan
- Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura e l'Enologia, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Conegliano, Italy
| | - Giuliana Maddalena
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Migliaro
- Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura e l'Enologia, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Conegliano, Italy
| | - Lucio Brancadoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - David Maghradze
- Faculty of Viticulture-Winemaking, Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Biosystems Engineering, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Osvaldo Failla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Laura Toffolatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Lorenzis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Venios X, Gkizi D, Nisiotou A, Korkas E, Tjamos SE, Zamioudis C, Banilas G. Emerging Roles of Epigenetics in Grapevine and Winegrowing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:515. [PMID: 38498480 PMCID: PMC10893341 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to dynamic chemical modifications to the genome that can perpetuate gene activity without changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in growth and development. They may also drive plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions by buffering environmental variation. Grapevine is an important perennial fruit crop cultivated worldwide, but mostly in temperate zones with hot and dry summers. The decrease in rainfall and the rise in temperature due to climate change, along with the expansion of pests and diseases, constitute serious threats to the sustainability of winegrowing. Ongoing research shows that epigenetic modifications are key regulators of important grapevine developmental processes, including berry growth and ripening. Variations in epigenetic modifications driven by genotype-environment interplay may also lead to novel phenotypes in response to environmental cues, a phenomenon called phenotypic plasticity. Here, we summarize the recent advances in the emerging field of grapevine epigenetics. We primarily highlight the impact of epigenetics to grapevine stress responses and acquisition of stress tolerance. We further discuss how epigenetics may affect winegrowing and also shape the quality of wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenophon Venios
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos 28, 12243 Athens, Greece; (X.V.); (D.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Danai Gkizi
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos 28, 12243 Athens, Greece; (X.V.); (D.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Aspasia Nisiotou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “Demeter”, Sofokli Venizelou 1, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece;
| | - Elias Korkas
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos 28, 12243 Athens, Greece; (X.V.); (D.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Sotirios E. Tjamos
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Zamioudis
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Pantazidou 193, 68200 Orestiada, Greece;
| | - Georgios Banilas
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos 28, 12243 Athens, Greece; (X.V.); (D.G.); (E.K.)
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6
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Mansour R, Bauer AL, Goodarzi M, Hoffmann C. Toxicity of Pesticides Applied in European Vineyards on Anagyrus vladimiri and Trichogramma evanescens, Parasitoids of Planococcus ficus and Lobesia botrana. INSECTS 2023; 14:907. [PMID: 38132581 PMCID: PMC10744053 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessments of chemical pesticides toward natural enemies are crucial for ensuring sustainable grapevine-integrated pest management. In this context, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of four insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and cyantraniliprole) and one fungicide (spiroxamine) commonly applied in German (European) vineyards on the pupae and adults of both Anagyrus vladimiri, a parasitoid of the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus, and Trichogramma evanescens, a parasitoid of the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana. The tested pesticides did not significantly affect the development of the pupal stage inside mealybug mummies or the emergence of the parasitoid A. vladimiri. The pesticides flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and spiroxamine resulted in the highest mortality percentages for all emerged A. vladimiri parasitoids at 8 and 10 days after treatment compared with either in lambda-cyhalothrin or cyantraniliprole. However, all pesticides, except the diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole, significantly affected the development of the pupal stage and the emergence of the parasitoid T. evanescens. The percentages of T. evanescens emergence following the application of the fungicide spiroxamine or either lambda-cyhalothrin or flupyradifurone were significantly higher than those observed in the acetamiprid treatment. Regarding direct contact toxicity, the highest percentages (100%) of A. vladimiri adult parasitoid mortality were obtained in the flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and spiroxamine treatments, while the lowest mortality percentages were observed in lambda-cyhalothrin, cyantraniliprole, and untreated control treatments. According to the IOBC classes of toxicity, flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and spiroxamine were classified as harmful, while both lambda-cyhalothrin and cyantraniliprole were classified as slightly harmful to A. vladimiri adults. As such, all pesticides had a significant impact on the survival of exposed T. evanescens adults. The highest percentages of adult T. evanescens mortality were obtained in the flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and spiroxamine treatments, with the fungicide spiroxamine resulting in significantly higher mortality percentages than either flupyradifurone or acetamiprid, while the lowest mortality percentages were found in the lambda-cyhalothrin and cyantraniliprole treatments. Therefore, applying the insecticides acetamiprid and/or flupyradifurone and the fungicide spiroxamine should be avoided when A. vladimiri and/or T. evanescens are naturally present or released in grapes. The insights gained from these two easy-to-rear parasitoid species allow analogous conclusions to be drawn for closely related species in vineyards belonging to either family Encyrtidae or Trichogrammatidae, which are not easy to rear. Interestingly, using the safer insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin and/or cyantraniliprole could be compatible with both parasitoid species, which could be sustainably exploited in either conservation or augmentative biological control in vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Mansour
- Julius Kühn-Institute—Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
- Higher Institute for Preparatory Studies in Biology-Geology (ISEP-BG), Section of Biological Sciences, University of Carthage, Tunis, La Soukra 2036, Tunisia
| | - Anna Lena Bauer
- Julius Kühn-Institute—Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Maryam Goodarzi
- Julius Kühn-Institute—Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoffmann
- Julius Kühn-Institute—Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany
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7
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Saucedo-Bazalar M, Masias P, Nouchi-Moromizato E, Santos C, Mialhe E, Cedeño V. MALDI mass spectrometry-based identification of antifungal molecules from endophytic Bacillus strains with biocontrol potential of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a grapevine trunk pathogen in Peru. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2023; 5:100201. [PMID: 37752899 PMCID: PMC10518354 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a grapevine trunk pathogen, is becoming a significant threat to vineyards worldwide. In Peru, it is responsible for Botryosphaeria dieback in many grapevine-growing areas and it has spread rapidly due to its high transmissibility; hence, control measures are urgent. It is known that some endophytic bacteria are strong inhibitors of phytopathogens because they produce a wide range of antimicrobial molecules. However, studies of antimicrobial features from endophytic bacteria are limited to traditional confrontation methods. In this study, a MALDI mass spectrometry-based approach was performed to identify and characterize the antifungal molecules from Bacillus velezensis M1 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M2 grapevine endophytic strains. Solid medium antagonism assays were performed confronting B. velezensis M1 - L. theobromae and B. amyloliquefaciens M2 - L. theobromae for antifungal lipopeptides identification. By a MALDI TOF MS it was possible identify mass spectra for fengycin, iturin and surfactin protoned isoforms. Masses spectrums for mycobacillin and mycosubtilin were also identified. Using MALDI Imaging MS we were able to visualize and relate lipopeptides mass spectra of fengycin (1463.9 m/z) and mycobacillin (1529.6 m/z) in the interaction zone during confrontations. The presence of lipopeptides-synthesis genes was confirmed by PCR. Liquid medium antagonism assays were performed for a proteomic analysis during the confrontation of B. velezensis M1 - L. theobromae. Different peptide sequences corresponding to many antifungal proteins and enzymes were identified by MALDI TOF MS/MS. Oxalate decarboxylase bacisubin and flagellin, reported as antifungal proteins, were identified at 99 % identity through peptide mapping. MALDI mass spectrometry-based identification of antifungal molecules would allow the early selection of endophytic bacteria with antifungal features. This omics tool could lead to measures for prevention of grapevine diseases and other economically important crops in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Saucedo-Bazalar
- Departamento de Biología y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Av. Universitaria s/n, Pampa Grande, Tumbes, Peru
- Programa de Maestría en Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Av. Universitaria s/n, Pampa Grande, Tumbes, Peru
| | | | - Estefanía Nouchi-Moromizato
- Programa de Maestría en Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Av. Universitaria s/n, Pampa Grande, Tumbes, Peru
| | | | - Eric Mialhe
- INCABIOTEC SAC, Jr. Filipinas 212, Tumbes, Peru
| | - Virna Cedeño
- INCABIOTEC SAC, Jr. Filipinas 212, Tumbes, Peru
- CONCEPTO AZUL, Circunvalación Norte, 528 B, Urdesa, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- CEBIOMICS S.A. Calle 28 #2624 y Avenida Flavio Reyes, Manta, Ecuador
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8
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Vogel D, Hills P, Moore JP. Strigolactones GR-24 and Nijmegen Applications Result in Reduced Susceptibility of Tobacco and Grapevine Plantlets to Botrytis cinerea Infection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3202. [PMID: 37765366 PMCID: PMC10535315 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Priming agents are plant defence-inducing compounds which can prompt a state of protection but may also aid in plant growth and interactions with beneficial microbes. The synthetic strigolactones (±)-GR24 and Nijmegen-1 were evaluated as potential priming agents for induced resistance against Botrytis cinerea in tobacco and grapevine plants. The growth and stress response profiles of B. cinerea to strigolactones were also investigated. Soil drench treatment with strigolactones induced resistance in greenhouse-grown tobacco plants and restricted lesion development. The mode of action appeared to function by priming redox-associated compounds to produce an anti-oxidant protective response for limiting the infection. The results obtained in the in vitro assays mirrored that of the greenhouse-grown plants. Exposure of B. cinerea to the strigolactones resulted in increased hyphal branching, with (±)-GR24 stimulating a stronger effect than Nijmegen-1 by affecting colony diameter and radial growth. An oxidative stress response was observed, with B. cinerea exhibiting increased ROS and SOD levels when grown with strigolactones. This study identified the application of strigolactones as potential priming agents to induce disease resistance in both tobacco and grapevine plants. In addition, strigolactones may alter the ROS homeostasis of B. cinerea, resulting in both morphological and physiological changes, thereby reducing virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Vogel
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Paul Hills
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - John P Moore
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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9
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Hnatiuc M, Ghita S, Alpetri D, Ranca A, Artem V, Dina I, Cosma M, Abed Mohammed M. Intelligent Grapevine Disease Detection Using IoT Sensor Network. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1021. [PMID: 37760123 PMCID: PMC10525083 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained significance in agriculture, using remote sensing and machine learning to help farmers make high-precision management decisions. This technology can be applied in viticulture, making it possible to monitor disease occurrence and prevent them automatically. The study aims to achieve an intelligent grapevine disease detection method, using an IoT sensor network that collects environmental and plant-related data. The focus of this study is the identification of the main parameters which provide early information regarding the grapevine's health. An overview of the sensor network, architecture, and components is provided in this paper. The IoT sensors system is deployed in the experimental plots located within the plantations of the Research Station for Viticulture and Enology (SDV) in Murfatlar, Romania. Classical methods for disease identification are applied in the field as well, in order to compare them with the sensor data, thus improving the algorithm for grapevine disease identification. The data from the sensors are analyzed using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and correlated with the results obtained using classical methods in order to identify and predict grapevine diseases. The results of the disease occurrence are presented along with the corresponding environmental parameters. The error of the classification system, which uses a feedforward neural network, is 0.05. This study will be continued with the results obtained from the IoT sensors tested in vineyards located in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Hnatiuc
- Electronic and Telecommunication Departament, Constanta Maritime University, 104 Mircea cel Batran, 900663 Constanta, Romania
| | - Simona Ghita
- Electronic and Telecommunication Departament, Constanta Maritime University, 104 Mircea cel Batran, 900663 Constanta, Romania
| | - Domnica Alpetri
- Electronic and Telecommunication Departament, Constanta Maritime University, 104 Mircea cel Batran, 900663 Constanta, Romania
| | - Aurora Ranca
- Murfatlar Research Station for Viticulture and Enology, 905100 Murfatlar, Romania (V.A.); (I.D.)
| | - Victoria Artem
- Murfatlar Research Station for Viticulture and Enology, 905100 Murfatlar, Romania (V.A.); (I.D.)
| | - Ionica Dina
- Murfatlar Research Station for Viticulture and Enology, 905100 Murfatlar, Romania (V.A.); (I.D.)
| | - Mădălina Cosma
- Murfatlar Research Station for Viticulture and Enology, 905100 Murfatlar, Romania (V.A.); (I.D.)
| | - Mazin Abed Mohammed
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Anbar, Ramadi 31001, Iraq
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10
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Zuzolo D, Ranauda MA, Maisto M, Tartaglia M, Prigioniero A, Falzarano A, Marotta G, Sciarrillo R, Guarino C. The rootstock shape microbial diversity and functionality in the rhizosphere of Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Falanghina. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1205451. [PMID: 37645461 PMCID: PMC10461393 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1205451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere effect occurring at the root-soil interface has increasingly been shown to play a key role in plant fitness and soil functionality, influencing plants resilience. Here, for the first time, we investigated whether the rootstock genotype on which Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Falanghina is grafted can influence the rhizosphere microbiome. Specifically, we evaluated to which extent the 5BB and 1103P rootstocks are able to shape microbial diversity of rhizosphere environment. Moreover, we explored the potential function of microbial community and its shift under plant genotype influence. We investigated seven vineyards subjected to the same pedo-climatic conditions, similar age, training system and management and collected twelve rhizosphere soil samples for metagenomic analyses and composite soil samples for physical-chemical properties. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis to investigate the rhizosphere bacterial diversity and composition. Liner discriminant analysis effect size (LEFSe) was conducted for metagenomic biomarker discovery. The functional composition of sampled communities was determined using PICRUSt, which is based on marker gene sequencing profiles. Soil analyses involved the determination of texture, pH, Cation Exchange Capacity (CSC), Organic Carbon (OC), electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) content, Phosphorous (P), nitrogen (N). The latter revealed that soil features were quite homogenous. The metagenomic data showed that the bacterial alpha-diversity (Observed OTUs) significantly increased in 1103P rhizosphere microbiota. Irrespective of cultivar, Pseudomonadota was the dominant phylum, followed by Actinomycetota > Bacteroidota > Thermoproteota. However, Actinomycetota was the major marker phyla differentiating the rhizosphere microbial communities associated with the different rootstock types. At the genus level, several taxa belonging to Actinomycetota and Alphaproteobacteria classes were enriched in 1103P genotype rhizosphere. Investigating the potential functional profile, we found that most key enzyme-encoding genes involved in N cycling were significantly more abundant in 5BB rootstock rhizosphere soil. However, we found that 1103P rhizosphere was enriched in genes involved in C cycle and Plant Growth Promotion (PGP) functionality. Our results suggest that the different rootstocks not only recruit specific bacterial communities, but also specific functional traits within the same environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zuzolo
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Maria Maisto
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Tartaglia
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Marotta
- Department of Law, Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods (DEMM), University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Carmine Guarino
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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11
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Pietrafesa R, Siesto G, Tufariello M, Palombi L, Baiano A, Gerardi C, Braghieri A, Genovese F, Grieco F, Capece A. A multivariate approach to explore the volatolomic and sensory profiles of craft Italian Grape Ale beers produced with novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234884. [PMID: 37577427 PMCID: PMC10414987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, selected from different matrices - CHE-3 (cherry), P4 (sourdough) and TA4-10 (grape must) - on characteristics of Italian Grape Ale (IGA) beers obtained at microbrewery scale. A multidisciplinary approach, combining results from analysis of chemical, volatile and organoleptic profiles of the beers, was adopted to underline the relationships between yeast starter and the quality of final products. Detection volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by Gas-Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) after extraction carried out by head-space micro-extraction (HS-SPME) revealed that the beer obtained by P4 strain differed from the others for its higher concentrations of esters, alcohols, and terpenes as confirmed by PCA (principal component analysis) and Cluster heatmap. Furthermore, sensorial analysis and consumer test showed that this sample differed from others by more pronounced notes of "fruity smell and floral" and "olfactory finesse," and it was the most appreciated beer for smell, taste, and overall quality. Conversely, CHE-3 was the sample with the lowest concentrations of the identified volatiles and, together TA4-10, showed the highest scores for smoked, yeast, malt, and hop notes. As far as we know, these are the first results on the application of indigenous S. cerevisiae strains in the production of craft IGA beers analyzed through a complex multivariate approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocchina Pietrafesa
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Gabriella Siesto
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff StarFInn S.r.l.s., Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Tufariello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA), Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Palombi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonietta Baiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell’Ambiente, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmela Gerardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA), Lecce, Italy
| | - Ada Braghieri
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Genovese
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Grieco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA), Lecce, Italy
| | - Angela Capece
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff StarFInn S.r.l.s., Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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12
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Jiang L, Dumlao MC, Donald WA, Steel CC, Schmidtke LM. Rapid In-Field Volatile Sampling for Detection of Botrytis cinerea Infection in Wine Grapes. Molecules 2023; 28:5227. [PMID: 37446889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infection of grape berries (Vitis vinifera) by Botrytis cinerea frequently coincides with harvest, impacting both the yield and quality of grape and wine products. A rapid and non-destructive method for identifying B. cinerea infection in grapes at an early stage prior to harvest is critical to manage loss. In this study, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) crystal was applied as an absorbent material for volatile extraction from B. cinerea infected and healthy grapes in a vineyard, followed by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The performance of ZIF-8 in regard to absorbing and trapping the targeted volatiles was evaluated with a standard solution of compounds and with a whole bunch of grapes enclosed in a glass container to maintain standard sampling conditions. The results from the sampling methods were then correlated to B. cinerea infection in grapes, as measured and determined by genus-specific antigen quantification. Trace levels of targeted compounds reported as markers of grape B. cinerea infection were successfully detected with in-field sampling. The peak area counts for volatiles 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-one, 3-octanol, and 1-octen-3-ol extracted using ZIF-8 were significantly higher than values achieved using Tenax®-TA from field testing and demonstrated good correlation with B. cinerea infection severities determined by B. cinerea antigen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiang
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide (Waite Campus), Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Morphy C Dumlao
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide (Waite Campus), Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher C Steel
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Leigh M Schmidtke
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide (Waite Campus), Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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13
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Lopes NDS, Santos AS, de Novais DPS, Pirovani CP, Micheli F. Pathogenesis-related protein 10 in resistance to biotic stress: progress in elucidating functions, regulation and modes of action. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1193873. [PMID: 37469770 PMCID: PMC10352611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Family of pathogenesis-related proteins 10 (PR-10) is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. PR-10 are multifunctional proteins, constitutively expressed in all plant tissues, playing a role in growth and development or being induced in stress situations. Several studies have investigated the preponderant role of PR-10 in plant defense against biotic stresses; however, little is known about the mechanisms of action of these proteins. This is the first systematic review conducted to gather information on the subject and to reveal the possible mechanisms of action that PR-10 perform. Methods Therefore, three databases were used for the article search: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. To avoid bias, a protocol with inclusion and exclusion criteria was prepared. In total, 216 articles related to the proposed objective of this study were selected. Results The participation of PR-10 was revealed in the plant's defense against several stressor agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes and insects, and studies involving fungi and bacteria were predominant in the selected articles. Studies with combined techniques showed a compilation of relevant information about PR-10 in biotic stress that collaborate with the understanding of the mechanisms of action of these molecules. The up-regulation of PR-10 was predominant under different conditions of biotic stress, in addition to being more expressive in resistant varieties both at the transcriptional and translational level. Discussion Biological models that have been proposed reveal an intrinsic network of molecular interactions involving the modes of action of PR-10. These include hormonal pathways, transcription factors, physical interactions with effector proteins or pattern recognition receptors and other molecules involved with the plant's defense system. Conclusion The molecular networks involving PR-10 reveal how the plant's defense response is mediated, either to trigger susceptibility or, based on data systematized in this review, more frequently, to have plant resistance to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha dos Santos Lopes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ariana Silva Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diogo Pereira Silva de Novais
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabienne Micheli
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Unité Mixte de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Meditérranéennes et Tropicales (UMR AGAP Institut), Montpellier, France
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14
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Javaran VJ, Poursalavati A, Lemoyne P, Ste-Croix DT, Moffett P, Fall ML. NanoViromics: long-read sequencing of dsRNA for plant virus and viroid rapid detection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192781. [PMID: 37415816 PMCID: PMC10320856 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a global need for identifying viral pathogens, as well as for providing certified clean plant materials, in order to limit the spread of viral diseases. A key component of management programs for viral-like diseases is having a diagnostic tool that is quick, reliable, inexpensive, and easy to use. We have developed and validated a dsRNA-based nanopore sequencing protocol as a reliable method for detecting viruses and viroids in grapevines. We compared our method, which we term direct-cDNA sequencing from dsRNA (dsRNAcD), to direct RNA sequencing from rRNA-depleted total RNA (rdTotalRNA), and found that it provided more viral reads from infected samples. Indeed, dsRNAcD was able to detect all of the viruses and viroids detected using Illumina MiSeq sequencing (dsRNA-MiSeq). Furthermore, dsRNAcD sequencing was also able to detect low-abundance viruses that rdTotalRNA sequencing failed to detect. Additionally, rdTotalRNA sequencing resulted in a false-positive viroid identification due to the misannotation of a host-driven read. Two taxonomic classification workflows, DIAMOND & MEGAN (DIA & MEG) and Centrifuge & Recentrifuge (Cent & Rec), were also evaluated for quick and accurate read classification. Although the results from both workflows were similar, we identified pros and cons for both workflows. Our study shows that dsRNAcD sequencing and the proposed data analysis workflows are suitable for consistent detection of viruses and viroids, particularly in grapevines where mixed viral infections are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid J. Javaran
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Abdonaser Poursalavati
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Lemoyne
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
| | - Dave T. Ste-Croix
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
- Département de phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Moffett
- Centre SÈVE, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mamadou L. Fall
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada
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15
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Watanabe D, Hashimoto W. Adaptation of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to grape-skin environment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9279. [PMID: 37340058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an essential player in alcoholic fermentation during winemaking, is rarely found in intact grapes. Although grape-skin environment is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae's stable residence, Saccharomycetaceae-family fermentative yeasts can increase population on grape berries after colonization during raisin production. Here, we addressed adaptation of S. cerevisiae to grape-skin ecosystem. The yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, a major grape-skin resident, exhibited broad spectrum assimilation of plant-derived carbon sources, including ω-hydroxy fatty acid, arising from degradation of plant cuticles. In fact, A. pullulans encoded and secreted possible cutinase-like esterase for cuticle degradation. When intact grape berries were used as a sole carbon source, such grape-skin associated fungi increased the accessibility to fermentable sugars by degrading and assimilating the plant cell wall and cuticle compounds. Their ability seems also helpful for S. cerevisiae to obtain energy through alcoholic fermentation. Thus, degradation and utilization of grape-skin materials by resident microbiota may account for their residence on grape-skin and S. cerevisiae's possible commensal behaviors. Conclusively, this study focused on the symbiosis between grape-skin microbiota and S. cerevisiae from the perspective of winemaking origin. Such plant-microbe symbiotic interaction may be a prerequisite for triggering spontaneous food fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Watanabe
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Microbiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Wataru Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan.
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16
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Csótó A, Nagy A, Laurinyecz N, Nagy ZA, Németh C, Németh EK, Csikász-Krizsics A, Rakonczás N, Fontaine F, Fekete E, Flipphi M, Karaffa L, Sándor E. Hybrid Vitis Cultivars with American or Asian Ancestries Show Higher Tolerance towards Grapevine Trunk Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2328. [PMID: 37375953 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Grape production worldwide is increasingly threatened by grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). No grapevine cultivar is known to be entirely resistant to GTDs, but susceptibility varies greatly. To quantify these differences, four Hungarian grape germplasm collections containing 305 different cultivars were surveyed to determine the ratios of GTDs based on symptom expression and the proportion of plant loss within all GTD symptoms. The cultivars of monophyletic Vitis vinifera L. origin were amongst the most sensitive ones, and their sensitivity was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that of the interspecific (hybrid) cultivars assessed, which are defined by the presence of Vitis species other than V. vinifera (e.g., V. labrusca L., V. rupestris Scheele, and V. amurensis Rupr.) in their pedigree. We conclude that the ancestral diversity of grapes confers a higher degree of resilience against GTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Csótó
- Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Kálmán Kerpely Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Antal Nagy
- Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nóra Laurinyecz
- Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zóra Annamária Nagy
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology Badacsony, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-8263 Badacsonytomaj, Hungary
| | - Csaba Németh
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology Badacsony, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-8263 Badacsonytomaj, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Krisztina Németh
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology Kecskemét, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-6000 Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Anna Csikász-Krizsics
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nándor Rakonczás
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Florence Fontaine
- Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, USC INRAE 1488, URCA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Erzsébet Fekete
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Michel Flipphi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Karaffa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Sándor
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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17
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Dumas M, Borges DF, Priesing S, Tippett E, Ambrosio MMDQ, Luís da Silva W. Gathered from the Vine: A Survey of Seven Grapevine Viruses Within New England Vineyards. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:644-650. [PMID: 36018550 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-22-0668-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vineyards in the Southeastern New England American Viticultural Area were surveyed for the incidence of seven major viruses: grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, and GLRaV-4), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV). Viruses were detected by DAS-ELISA and confirmed by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Multiple viruses were present in 19 out of the 25 vineyards surveyed between 2018 and 2020. GLRaV-3 (27.59%) was the most prevalent virus followed by GLRaV-4 (14.90%), GLRaV-1 (13.52%), GLRaV-2 (11.03%), ToRSV (6.34%), GFLV (5.24%), and TRSV (2.62%). Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of the viral partial genome sequences acquired in this study revealed that the grapevine viruses present in this area are diverse, indicating that they may have been introduced from different sources. Our findings stress the need for improving the sanitary status of planting materials to avoid the introduction and dissemination of viruses to vineyards in this important wine-producing region of New England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Dumas
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, New Haven, CT 06504, U.S.A
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, U.S.A
| | - Darlan Ferreira Borges
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, New Haven, CT 06504, U.S.A
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Mossoró 59625-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Priesing
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, New Haven, CT 06504, U.S.A
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, U.S.A
- Biology Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06504, U.S.A
| | - Ethan Tippett
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, New Haven, CT 06504, U.S.A
- College of Art and Sciences, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI 49307, U.S.A
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, U.S.A
| | | | - Washington Luís da Silva
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, New Haven, CT 06504, U.S.A
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Mossoró 59625-900, RN, Brazil
- College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, U.S.A
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18
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Elicitation of Fruit Fungi Infection and Its Protective Response to Improve the Postharvest Quality of Fruits. STRESSES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses3010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fruit diseases brought on by fungus infestation leads to postharvest losses of fresh fruit. Approximately 30% of harvested fruits do not reach consumers’ plates due to postharvest losses. Fungal pathogens play a substantial part in those losses, as they cause the majority of fruit rots and consumer complaints. Understanding fungal pathogenic processes and control measures is crucial for developing disease prevention and treatment strategies. In this review, we covered the presented pathogen entry, environmental conditions for pathogenesis, fruit’s response to pathogen attack, molecular mechanisms by which fungi infect fruits in the postharvest phase, production of mycotoxin, virulence factors, fungal genes involved in pathogenesis, and recent strategies for protecting fruit from fungal attack. Then, in order to investigate new avenues for ensuring fruit production, existing fungal management strategies were then assessed based on their mechanisms for altering the infection process. The goal of this review is to bridge the knowledge gap between the mechanisms of fungal disease progression and numerous disease control strategies being developed for fruit farming.
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19
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Cherrad S, Gillet B, Dellinger J, Bellaton L, Roux P, Hernandez C, Steva H, Perrier L, Vacher S, Hughes S. New insights from short and long reads sequencing to explore cytochrome b variants in Plasmopara viticola populations collected from vineyards and related to resistance to complex III inhibitors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0268385. [PMID: 36656908 PMCID: PMC9851517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Downy mildew is caused by Plasmopara viticola, an obligate oomycete plant pathogen, a devasting disease of grapevine. To protect plants from the disease, complex III inhibitors are among the fungicides widely used. They specifically target the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) of the pathogen to block cellular respiration mechanisms. In the French vineyard, P. viticola has developed resistance against a first group of these fungicides, the Quinone outside Inhibitors (QoI), with a single amino acid substitution G143A in its cytb mitochondrial sequence. The use of QoI was limited and another type of fungicide, the Quinone inside Inhibitors, targeting the same gene and highly effective against oomycetes, was used instead. Recently however, less sensitive P. viticola populations were detected after treatments with some inhibitors, in particular ametoctradin and cyazofamid. By isolating single-sporangia P. viticola strains resistant to these fungicides, we characterized new variants in the cytb sequences associated with cyazofamid resistance: a point mutation (L201S) and more strikingly, two insertions (E203-DE-V204, E203-VE-V204). In parallel with the classical tools, pyrosequencing and qPCR, we then benchmarked short and long-reads NGS technologies (Ion Torrent, Illumina, Oxford Nanopore Technologies) to sequence the complete cytb with a view to detecting and assessing the proportion of resistant variants of P. viticola at the scale of a field population. Eighteen populations collected from French vineyard fields in 2020 were analysed: 12 showed a variable proportion of G143A, 11 of E203-DE-V204 and 7 populations of the S34L variant that confers resistance to ametoctradin. Interestingly, the long reads were able to identify variants, including SNPs, with confidence and to detect a small proportion of P. viticola with multiple variants along the same cytb sequence. Overall, NGS appears to be a promising method for assessing fungicide resistance of pathogens linked to cytb modifications at the field population level. This approach could rapidly become a robust decision support tool for resistance management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Gillet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, INRAE USC 1370, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Dellinger
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, INRAE USC 1370, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lalie Bellaton
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, INRAE USC 1370, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pascale Roux
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, INRAE USC 1370, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandrine Hughes
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, INRAE USC 1370, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- * E-mail: (SH); (SC)
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20
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Soares F, Pimentel D, Erban A, Neves C, Reis P, Pereira M, Rego C, Gama-Carvalho M, Kopka J, Fortes AM. Virulence-related metabolism is activated in Botrytis cinerea mostly in the interaction with tolerant green grapes that remain largely unaffected in contrast with susceptible green grapes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac217. [PMID: 36479580 PMCID: PMC9720446 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is responsible for the gray mold disease, severely affecting Vitis vinifera grapevine and hundreds of other economically important crops. However, many mechanisms of this fruit-pathogen interaction remain unknown. The combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of green fruits infected with B. cinerea from susceptible and tolerant genotypes was never performed in any fleshy fruit, mostly because green fruits are widely accepted to be resistant to this fungus. In this work, peppercorn-sized fruits were infected in the field or mock-treated, and berries were collected at green (EL32) stage from a susceptible (Trincadeira) and a tolerant (Syrah) variety. RNAseq and GC-MS data suggested that Syrah exhibited a pre-activated/basal defense relying on specific signaling pathways, hormonal regulation, namely jasmonate and ethylene metabolisms, and linked to phenylpropanoid metabolism. In addition, putative defensive metabolites such as shikimic, ursolic/ oleanolic, and trans-4-hydroxy cinnamic acids, and epigallocatechin were more abundant in Syrah than Trincadeira before infection. On the other hand, Trincadeira underwent relevant metabolic reprogramming upon infection but was unable to contain disease progression. RNA-seq analysis of the fungus in planta revealed an opposite scenario with higher gene expression activity within B. cinerea during infection of the tolerant cultivar and less activity in infected Trincadeira berries. The results suggested an activated virulence state during interaction with the tolerant cultivar without visible disease symptoms. Together, this study brings novel insights related to early infection strategies of B. cinerea and the green berry defense against necrotrophic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Soares
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Pimentel
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Catarina Neves
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Reis
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Pereira
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecilia Rego
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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21
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Azevedo V, Daddiego L, Cardone MF, Perrella G, Sousa L, Santos RB, Malhó R, Bergamini C, Marsico AD, Figueiredo A, Alagna F. Transcriptomic and methylation analysis of susceptible and tolerant grapevine genotypes following Plasmopara viticola infection. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13771. [PMID: 36053855 PMCID: PMC9826190 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew, caused by the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most economically significant grapevine diseases worldwide. Current strategies to cope with this threat rely on the massive use of chemical compounds during each cultivation season. The economic costs and negative environmental impact associated with these applications increased the urge to search for sustainable strategies of disease control. Improved knowledge of plant mechanisms to counteract pathogen infection may allow the development of alternative strategies for plant protection. Epigenetic regulation, in particular DNA methylation, is emerging as a key factor in the context of plant-pathogen interactions associated with the expression modulation of defence genes. To improve our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underpinning grapevine response to P. viticola, we studied the modulation of both 5-mC methylation and gene expression at 6 and 24 h post-infection (hpi). Leaves of two table grape genotypes (Vitis vinifera), selected by breeding activities for their contrasting level of susceptibility to the pathogen, were analysed. Following pathogen infection, we found variations in the 5-mC methylation level and the gene expression profile. The results indicate a genotype-specific response to pathogen infection. The tolerant genotype (N23/018) at 6 hpi exhibits a lower methylation level compared to the susceptible one (N20/020), and it shows an early modulation (at 6 hpi) of defence and epigenetic-related genes during P. viticola infection. These data suggest that the timing of response is an important mechanism to efficiently counteract the pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azevedo
- Faculdade de Ciências, Plant Biology Department, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI)Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Loretta Daddiego
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources DepartmentNational Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Trisaia Research CentreRotondellaMateraItaly
| | - Maria Francesca Cardone
- Research Centre for Viticulture and EnologyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)TuriBariItaly
| | | | - Lisete Sousa
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculdade de Ciências; Centre of Statistics and its Applications (CEAUL)Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Rita B. Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências, Plant Biology Department, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI)Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Rui Malhó
- Faculdade de Ciências, Plant Biology Department, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI)Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Carlo Bergamini
- Research Centre for Viticulture and EnologyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)TuriBariItaly
| | - Antonio Domenico Marsico
- Research Centre for Viticulture and EnologyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)TuriBariItaly
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Faculdade de Ciências, Plant Biology Department, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI)Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Fiammetta Alagna
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources DepartmentNational Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Trisaia Research CentreRotondellaMateraItaly
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22
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Crandall SG, Spychalla J, Crouch UT, Acevedo FE, Naegele RP, Miles TD. Rotting Grapes Don't Improve with Age: Cluster Rot Disease Complexes, Management, and Future Prospects. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2013-2025. [PMID: 35108071 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-21-0695-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cluster rots can be devastating to grape production around the world. There are several late-season rots that can affect grape berries, including Botrytis bunch rot, sour rot, black rot, Phomopsis fruit rot, bitter rot, and ripe rot. Tight-clustered varieties such as 'Pinot gris', 'Pinot noir', and 'Vignoles' are particularly susceptible to cluster rots. Symptoms or signs for these rots range from discolored berries or gray-brown sporulation in Botrytis bunch rot to sour rot, which smells distinctly of vinegar due to the presence of acetic acid bacteria. This review discusses the common symptoms and disease cycles of these different cluster rots. It also includes useful updates on disease diagnostics and management practices, including cultural practices in commercial vineyards and future prospects for disease management. By understanding what drives the development of different cluster rots, researchers will be able to identify new avenues for research to control these critical pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifa G Crandall
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Jamie Spychalla
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Uma T Crouch
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Flor E Acevedo
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Rachel P Naegele
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Station, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Timothy D Miles
- Michigan State University, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824
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23
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Kenfaoui J, Radouane N, Mennani M, Tahiri A, El Ghadraoui L, Belabess Z, Fontaine F, El Hamss H, Amiri S, Lahlali R, Barka EA. A Panoramic View on Grapevine Trunk Diseases Threats: Case of Eutypa Dieback, Botryosphaeria Dieback, and Esca Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060595. [PMID: 35736078 PMCID: PMC9224927 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) are currently one of the most devastating and challenging diseases in viticulture, leading to considerable yield losses and a remarkable decline in grapevine quality. The identification of the causal agents is the cornerstone of an efficient approach to fighting against fungal diseases in a sustainable, non-chemical manner. This review attempts to describe and expose the symptoms of each pathology related to GTD, the modes of transmission, and the harmfulness of recently reported agents. Special attention was given to new diagnostic tests and technologies, grapevine defense mechanisms, molecular mechanisms of endophytes fungal colonization, and management strategies used to control these threats. The present extended review is, therefore, an updated state-of-the-art report on the progress in the management of vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Kenfaoui
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco; (J.K.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (H.E.H.); (S.A.)
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30500, Morocco;
| | - Nabil Radouane
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco; (J.K.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (H.E.H.); (S.A.)
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30500, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Mennani
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco; (J.K.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (H.E.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Abdessalem Tahiri
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco; (J.K.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (H.E.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Lahsen El Ghadraoui
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30500, Morocco;
| | - Zineb Belabess
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Oujda, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue Mohamed VI, BP428 Oujda, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Florence Fontaine
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio-Protection des Plantes-EA 4707 USC INRAE 1488, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Hajar El Hamss
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco; (J.K.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (H.E.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Said Amiri
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco; (J.K.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (H.E.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco; (J.K.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (H.E.H.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (E.A.B.); Tel.: +212-55-30-02-39 (R.L.); +33-3-2691-3441 (E.A.B.)
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio-Protection des Plantes-EA 4707 USC INRAE 1488, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France;
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (E.A.B.); Tel.: +212-55-30-02-39 (R.L.); +33-3-2691-3441 (E.A.B.)
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24
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Figueiredo L, Santos RB, Figueiredo A. The grapevine aspartic protease gene family: characterization and expression modulation in response to Plasmopara viticola. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:501-515. [PMID: 35426578 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine aspartic proteases gene family is characterized and five VviAPs appear to be involved in grapevine defense against downy mildew. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. However, it is highly susceptible to the downy mildew disease caused by Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & Curt.) Berl. & De Toni. To minimize the use of fungicides used to control P. viticola, it is essential to gain a deeper comprehension on this pathosystem and proteases have gained particular interest in the past decade. Proteases were shown to actively participate in plant-pathogen interactions, not only in the processes that lead to plant cell death, stress responses and protein processing/degradation but also as components of the recognition and signalling pathways. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the aspartic proteases (APs) involvement in grapevine defense against P. viticola. A genome-wide search and bioinformatics characterization of the V. vinifera AP gene family was conducted and a total of 81 APs proteins, coded by 65 genes, were found. VviAPs proteins can be divided into three categories, similar to those previously described for other plants. Twelve APs coding genes were selected, and expression analysis was conducted at several time-points after inoculation in both compatible and incompatible interactions. Five grapevine APs may be involved in grapevine tolerance against P. viticola. Our findings provide an overall understanding of the VviAPs gene family and establish better groundwork to further describe the roles of VviAPs in defense against P. viticola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Figueiredo
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita B Santos
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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25
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Štambuk P, Šikuten I, Karoglan Kontić J, Maletić E, Preiner D, Tomaz I. Leaf Polyphenolic Profile as a Determinant of Croatian Native Grapevine Varieties' Susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836318. [PMID: 35360327 PMCID: PMC8963502 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since grapevine is highly susceptible to various pathogens, enormous amounts of pesticides are applied each season to achieve profitable production. One of the most destructive grapevine diseases is downy mildew, and their interaction has been in the spotlight for more than a decade. When it comes to a metabolome level, phenolic compounds are relevant to investigate due to their involvement in the plant immune system and known antifungal properties. Croatian grapevine germplasm is highly heterogeneous due to its long history of cultivation in diversified geographical regions. Since it has been found that native varieties react differently to the infection of Plasmopara viticola, the intention of this study is to define if the chemical background of the leaves, i.e., polyphenolic composition, is responsible for these dissimilarities. Therefore, the leaves of 17 genotypes, among which 14 were native and 3 were controls, were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in four terms: before inoculation and 24, 48, and 96 h post inoculation (hpi). During this early phase, significant differences were found neither between the terms nor between the non-inoculated and inoculated samples, except for resveratrol-3-O-glucoside. By applying principal component analysis (PCA) using initial leaf polyphenolic composition, varieties of V. vinifera were clearly separated into three different groups corresponding to their International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) classes of susceptibility to P. viticola. Results obtained in this research suggest that the initial constitutive polyphenolic composition of the cultivar leaves has a crucial influence on their susceptibility to P. viticola, and this finding can be used to improve the success of grapevine breeding programs toward downy mildew resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Štambuk
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Šikuten
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Karoglan Kontić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Edi Maletić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Preiner
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tomaz
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
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26
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D-Tagatose-Based Product Triggers Sweet Immunity and Resistance of Grapevine to Downy Mildew, but Not to Gray Mold Disease. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030296. [PMID: 35161277 PMCID: PMC8839929 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural bio-based compounds becomes an eco-friendly strategy to control plant diseases. Rare sugars would be promising compounds as inducers of plant “sweet immunity”. The present study aimed to investigate the induced resistance of grapevine leaves against Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea by a rare sugar-based product (IFP48) and its active ingredient D-tagatose (TAG), in order to elucidate molecular mechanism involved in defense-related metabolic regulations before and after pathogen challenge. Data showed that spraying leaves with IFP48 and TAG lead to a significant reduction of downy mildew, but not of gray mold disease. The induced protection against P. viticola relies on IFP48’s and to a lesser extent TAG’s ability to potentiate the activation of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid/ethylene-responsive genes and stilbene phytoalexin accumulation. Most of defense responses remained upregulated in IFP48-treated plants after infection with P. viticola, but inconsistent following challenge with B. cinerea. The beneficial effects of IFP48 were associated with an enhanced accumulation of tagatose inside leaf tissues compared to TAG treatment. Meanwhile, the amounts of sugars, glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose and trehalose remained unchanged or decreased in IFP48-treated leaves after P. viticola infection, although only a few genes involved in sugar transport and metabolism showed transcriptional regulation. This suggests a contribution of sugar homeostasis to the IFP48-induced sweet immune response and priming plants for enhanced resistance to P. viticola, but not to B. cinerea.
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27
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Abstract
Grapevine leaves are photosynthetically the most active green organs providing carbohydrates that are of utmost importance for the regular vine’s metabolism and growth. Moreover, leaves are the pioneers of fungal infections caused by B. cinerea, E. necator, and P. viticola. Plant response to these microorganisms mostly depends on the content and composition of phenolic compounds abundantly found in the leaf’s outer tissues (epidermis, cuticle, trichomes). In order to obtain a satisfactory quantity of phenolic compounds, an experiment was conducted towards optimizing a solid–liquid extraction method. Variables were as follows: the type of organic solvent, the sample weight, the extraction temperature, and the extraction time. The optimal conditions were obtained by applying the response surface methodology. Therefore, by using acetonitrile as the organic solvent, conducting a single-step extraction at the temperature of 48 °C during the time period of 2 h and 25 min with a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:56 g mL−1 (178 mg of leaves powder and 10 mL of extraction solvent) the optimal content of phenolic compounds was obtained. This protocol is reliable, fast, and relatively easy to perform for the determination of the abovementioned compounds.
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28
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Lazazzara V, Avesani S, Robatscher P, Oberhuber M, Pertot I, Schuhmacher R, Perazzolli M. Biogenic volatile organic compounds in the grapevine response to pathogens, beneficial microorganisms, resistance inducers, and abiotic factors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:529-554. [PMID: 34409450 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plants is triggered in response to external stimuli, and these compounds can migrate to distal tissues and neighbouring receivers. Although grapevine VOCs responsible for wine aroma and plant-insect communications are well characterized, functional properties of VOCs produced in response to phytopathogens, beneficial microorganisms, resistance inducers, and abiotic factors have been less studied. In this review, we focused on the emission patterns and potential biological functions of VOCs produced by grapevines in response to stimuli. Specific grapevine VOCs are emitted in response to the exogenous stimulus, suggesting their precise involvement in plant defence response. VOCs with inhibitory activities against pathogens and responsible for plant resistance induction are reported, and some of them can also be used as biomarkers of grapevine resistance. Likewise, VOCs produced in response to beneficial microorganisms and environmental factors are possible mediators of grapevine-microbe communications and abiotic stress tolerance. Although further functional studies may improve our knowledge, the existing literature suggests that VOCs have an underestimated potential application as pathogen inhibitors, resistance inducers against biotic or abiotic stresses, signalling molecules, membrane stabilizers, and modulators of reactive oxygen species. VOC patterns could also be used to screen for resistant traits or to monitor the plant physiological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lazazzara
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Sara Avesani
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center for Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Laboratory for Flavours and Metabolites, Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, Pfatten (Vadena), 39040 Auer (Ora), Italy
| | - Peter Robatscher
- Laboratory for Flavours and Metabolites, Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, Pfatten (Vadena), 39040 Auer (Ora), Italy
| | - Michael Oberhuber
- Laboratory for Flavours and Metabolites, Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, Pfatten (Vadena), 39040 Auer (Ora), Italy
| | - Ilaria Pertot
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center for Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center for Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Fournier P, Pellan L, Barroso-Bergadà D, Bohan DA, Candresse T, Delmotte F, Dufour MC, Lauvergeat V, Le Marrec C, Marais A, Martins G, Masneuf-Pomarède I, Rey P, Sherman D, This P, Frioux C, Labarthe S, Vacher C. The functional microbiome of grapevine throughout plant evolutionary history and lifetime. ADV ECOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bettenfeld P, Cadena i Canals J, Jacquens L, Fernandez O, Fontaine F, van Schaik E, Courty PE, Trouvelot S. The microbiota of the grapevine holobiont: A key component of plant health. J Adv Res 2021; 40:1-15. [PMID: 36100319 PMCID: PMC9481934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine interacts different microbiota living around and within its tissues Addition of microbial genes to plant genome gives supplementary functions to the holobiont The composition of grapevine microbiota varies according to endogenous and exogenous factors Microbiota variations can lead to perturbations of grapevine metabolism The link between symptom emergence of dieback and microbial imbalance is currently studied
Background Grapevine is a woody, perennial plant of high economic importance worldwide. Like other plants, it lives in close association with large numbers of microorganisms. Bacteria, fungi and viruses are structured in communities, and each individual can be beneficial, neutral or harmful to the plant. In this sense, microorganisms can interact with each other and regulate plant functions (including immunity) and even provide new ones. Thus, the grapevine associated with its microbial communities constitutes a supra-organism, also called a holobiont, whose functioning is linked to established plant-microorganism interactions. Aim of review The overall health of the plant may be conditioned by the diversity and structure of microbial communities. Consequently, an optimal microbial composition will consist of a microbial balance allowing the plant to be healthy. Conversely, an imbalance of microbial populations could lead to (or be generated by) a decline of the plant. The microbiome is an active component of the host also responsive to biotic and abiotic changes; in that respect, a better understanding of the most important drivers of the composition of plant microbiomes is needed. Key scientific concepts of review This article presents the current state of the art about the grapevine microbiota and its composition according to the plant compartments and the influencing factors. We also focus on situations of imbalance, in particular during plant disease or decline. Finally, we discuss the possible interest of microbial engineering in an agrosystem such as viticulture.
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Gasiński A, Kawa-Rygielska J, Mikulski D, Kłosowski G, Głowacki A. Application of white grape pomace in the brewing technology and its impact on the concentration of esters and alcohols, physicochemical parameteres and antioxidative properties of the beer. Food Chem 2021; 367:130646. [PMID: 34364146 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Main by-product of white wine production is white grape pomace (WGP). It has attracted attention of food scientists, because it possesses high concentration of nutrients and bioactive substances. In this study, WGP was added to the beer after primary fermentation in two different concentrations (10% w/w and 20% w/w) and two different pretreatments (pasteurised and unpasteurised) to determine, whether the most abundant waste from white wine industry could be used to modify the volatilome and phenolic content of the beer. The addition of white grape pomace increased the concentration of phenolic compounds in all of the tested beers (from 321.584 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/dm3 to 501.459 mg GAE/dm3). Antioxidant activity of the beers with addition of WGP (tested with the ABTS+•, DPPH• and FRAP assays) also increased. The composition of volatiles in beers changed as WGP was added. The most significant difference was in the concentration of acetaldehyde - beers with WGP added had 4-7 times lower acetaldehyde content (17.425-31.425 mg/dm3) than the control sample (134.050 mg/dm3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Gasiński
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Chełmońskiego 37 Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kawa-Rygielska
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Chełmońskiego 37 Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dawid Mikulski
- Department of Biotechnology, Kazimierz Wielki University, ul. K. J. Poniatowskiego 12, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kłosowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Kazimierz Wielki University, ul. K. J. Poniatowskiego 12, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Głowacki
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, Chełmońskiego 37 Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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Jiang C, Wang D, Zhang J, Xu Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Wang X, Wang Y. VqMYB154 promotes polygene expression and enhances resistance to pathogens in Chinese wild grapevine. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:151. [PMID: 34193849 PMCID: PMC8245564 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol plays a crucial phytoalexin role in the grapevine and is beneficial to human health. However, the molecular mechanism of resveratrol accumulation in the enhancement of disease resistance is unclear. Here, we report that the transcription factor VqMYB154 from Vitis quinquangularis accession Danfeng-2 is strongly expressed under artificial inoculation with Uncinula necator and regulates resveratrol accumulation. Unlike its homolog, VqMYB154 has a pathogen-induced promoter and responds to stimulation by U. necator, Pseudomonas syringae, and other treatments. Yeast one-hybrid and GUS activity assays confirmed that VqMYB154 can activate the stilbene synthase genes VqSTS9, VqSTS32, and VqSTS42 by directly binding to their promoters. Overexpression of VqMYB154 in grape leaves resulted in activation of the stilbene pathway, upregulation of STS genes, and accumulation of stilbenoids. In addition, heterologous overexpression of VqMYB154 in Arabidopsis activated resistance-related genes and resulted in greater programmed cell death and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which led to resistance against P. syringae. These results suggest that the transcription factor VqMYB154 from V. quinquangularis accession Danfeng-2 participates in the regulatory mechanism that improves the biosynthesis and accumulation of stilbenes and enhances resistance to disease in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyue Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, The People's Republic of China.
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Bhatia G, Upadhyay SK, Upadhyay A, Singh K. Investigation of long non-coding RNAs as regulatory players of grapevine response to powdery and downy mildew infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:265. [PMID: 34103007 PMCID: PMC8186045 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory transcripts of length > 200 nt. Owing to the rapidly progressing RNA-sequencing technologies, lncRNAs are emerging as considerable nodes in the plant antifungal defense networks. Therefore, we investigated their role in Vitis vinifera (grapevine) in response to obligate biotrophic fungal phytopathogens, Erysiphe necator (powdery mildew, PM) and Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew, DM), which impose huge agro-economic burden on grape-growers worldwide. RESULTS Using computational approach based on RNA-seq data, 71 PM- and 83 DM-responsive V. vinifera lncRNAs were identified and comprehensively examined for their putative functional roles in plant defense response. V. vinifera protein coding sequences (CDS) were also profiled based on expression levels, and 1037 PM-responsive and 670 DM-responsive CDS were identified. Next, co-expression analysis-based functional annotation revealed their association with gene ontology (GO) terms for 'response to stress', 'response to biotic stimulus', 'immune system process', etc. Further investigation based on analysis of domains, enzyme classification, pathways enrichment, transcription factors (TFs), interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs), and real-time quantitative PCR of lncRNAs and co-expressing CDS pairs suggested their involvement in modulation of basal and specific defense responses such as: Ca2+-dependent signaling, cell wall reinforcement, reactive oxygen species metabolism, pathogenesis related proteins accumulation, phytohormonal signal transduction, and secondary metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the identified lncRNAs provide insights into the underlying intricacy of grapevine transcriptional reprogramming/post-transcriptional regulation to delay or seize the living cell-dependent pathogen growth. Therefore, in addition to defense-responsive genes such as TFs, the identified lncRNAs can be further examined and leveraged to candidates for biotechnological improvement/breeding to enhance fungal stress resistance in this susceptible fruit crop of economic and nutritional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block I, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Anuradha Upadhyay
- National Research Centre for Grapes, Solapur Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block I, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Cavaco AR, Laureano G, Cunha J, Eiras-Dias J, Matos AR, Figueiredo A. Fatty acid modulation and desaturase gene expression are differentially triggered in grapevine incompatible interaction with biotrophs and necrotrophs. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:230-238. [PMID: 33862502 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is prone to fungal and oomycete diseases. Downy and powdery mildews and grey mold, are caused by Plasmopara viticola, Erisiphe necator and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. P. viticola and E. necator are obligatory biotrophs whereas B. cinerea is a necrotroph. In tolerant grapevine cultivars, plant-pathogen interaction induces defence responses, including metabolite and protein accumulation and hypersensitive reaction. Lipid and lipid-derived molecules may have a key role in the activation of defence mechanisms. Previous results suggest that V. vinifera cv Regent tolerance to P. viticola may be mediated in the first hours post inoculation by fatty acid (FA) associated signalling. In the present study we characterized FA modulation in V. vinifera cv Regent leaves upon inoculation with P. viticola, E. necator and B. cinerea and correlated FA modulation with the expression profiles of genes encoding the FA desaturases FAD6 and FAD8. In all the interactions, a progressive desaturation of stearic acid to α-linolenic acid, precursor of jasmonic acid, occurred, which was observed for a longer period against B. cinerea. Our results provide evidence of a distinct FA meditated signalling pattern in grapevine interaction with biotrophs and necrotrophs. While the interaction with the biotrophs may trigger a higher synthesis of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) at early time-points with a tendency to return to basal levels, the interaction with B. cinerea may trigger a later and more durable induction of PUFA synthesis. In all interactions, membrane fluidity modulation occurred, which may be crucial to maintain cellular function during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Cavaco
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Laureano
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Cunha
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - José Eiras-Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Responses to Drought Stress Modulate the Susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola in Vitis vinifera Self-Rooted Cuttings. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020273. [PMID: 33573332 PMCID: PMC7912678 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate change will increase the occurrence of plants being simultaneously subjected to drought and pathogen stress. Drought can alter the way in which plants respond to pathogens. This research addresses how grapevine responds to the concurrent challenge of drought stress and Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew, and how one stress affects the other. Self-rooted cuttings of the drought-tolerant grapevine cultivar Xynisteri and the drought-sensitive cultivar Chardonnay were exposed to full or deficit irrigation (40% of full irrigation) and artificially inoculated with P. viticola in vitro or in planta. Leaves were sampled at an early infection stage to determine the influence of the single and combined stresses on oxidative parameters, chlorophyll, and phytohormones. Under full irrigation, Xynisteri was more susceptible to P. viticola than the drought-sensitive cultivar Chardonnay. Drought stress increased the susceptibility of grapevine leaves inoculated in vitro, but both cultivars showed resistance against P. viticola when inoculated in planta. Abscisic acid, rather than jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, seemed to play a prominent role in this resistance. The irrigation-dependent susceptibility observed in this study indicates that the practices used to mitigate the effects of climate change may have a profound impact on plant pathogens.
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First Insights into the Effect of Mycorrhizae on the Expression of Pathogen Effectors during the Infection of Grapevine with Plasmopara viticola. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13031226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), widely used for berry and wine production, is highly susceptible to the pathogenic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the etiological agent of grapevine downy mildew disease. The method commonly used to prevent and control P. viticola infection relies on multiple applications of chemical fungicides. However, with European Union goals to lower the usage of such chemicals in viticulture there is a need to develop new and more sustainable strategies. The use of beneficial microorganisms with biocontrol capabilities, such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), has been pointed out as a viable alternative. With this study, we intended to investigate the effect of AMF colonization on the expression of P. viticola effectors during infection of grapevine. Grapevine plants were inoculated with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis and, after mycorrhizae development, plants were infected with P. viticola. The expression of P. viticola RxLR effectors was analyzed by real-time PCR (qPCR) during the first hours of interaction. Results show that pre-mycorrhizal inoculation of grapevine alters the expression of several P. viticola effectors; namely, PvRxLR28, which presented decreased expression in mycorrhizal plants at the two time points post-infection tested. These results suggest that the pre-inoculation of grapevine with AMF could interfere with the pathogen’s ability to infect grapevine by modulation of pathogenicity effectors expression, supporting the hypothesis that AMF can be used to increase plant resistance to pathogens and promote more sustainable agriculture practices, particularly in viticulture.
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A Smart and Sustainable Future for Viticulture Is Rooted in Soil: How to Face Cu Toxicity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11030907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, agriculture has faced the fundamental challenge of needing to increase food production and quality in order to meet the requirements of a growing global population. Similarly, viticulture has also been undergoing change. Several countries are reducing their vineyard areas, and several others are increasing them. In addition, viticulture is moving towards higher altitudes and latitudes due to climate change. Furthermore, global warming is also exacerbating the incidence of fungal diseases in vineyards, forcing farmers to apply agrochemicals to preserve production yields and quality. The repeated application of copper (Cu)-based fungicides in conventional and organic farming has caused a stepwise accumulation of Cu in vineyard soils, posing environmental and toxicological threats. High Cu concentrations in soils can have multiple impacts on agricultural systems. In fact, it can (i) alter the chemical-physical properties of soils, thus compromising their fertility; (ii) induce toxicity phenomena in plants, producing detrimental effects on growth and productivity; and (iii) affect the microbial biodiversity of soils, thereby influencing some microbial-driven soil processes. However, several indirect (e.g., management of rhizosphere processes through intercropping and/or fertilization strategies) and direct (e.g., exploitation of vine resistant genotypes) strategies have been proposed to restrain Cu accumulation in soils. Furthermore, the application of precision and smart viticulture paradigms and their related technologies could allow a timely, localized and balanced distribution of agrochemicals to achieve the required goals. The present review highlights the necessity of applying multidisciplinary approaches to meet the requisites of sustainability demanded of modern viticulture.
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Duan G, Li C, Liu Y, Ma X, Luo Q, Yang J. Magnaporthe oryzae systemic defense trigger 1 (MoSDT1)-mediated metabolites regulate defense response in Rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:40. [PMID: 33430779 PMCID: PMC7802159 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some of the pathogenic effector proteins play an active role in stimulating the plant defense system to strengthen plant resistance. RESULTS In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was implemented to identify altered metabolites in transgenic rice containing over-expressed M. oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1) that was infected at three-time points. The characterized dominating metabolites were organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, lipids, and lipid-like molecules. Among the identified metabolites, shikimate, galactinol, trehalose, D-mannose, linolenic acid, dopamine, tyramine, and L-glutamine are precursors for the synthesis of many secondary defense metabolites Carbohydrate, as well as amino acid metabolic, pathways were revealed to be involved in plant defense responses and resistance strengthening. CONCLUSION The increasing salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content enhanced interactions between JA synthesis/signaling gene, SA synthesis/receptor gene, raffinose/fructose/sucrose synthase gene, and cell wall-related genes all contribute to defense response in rice. The symptoms of rice after M. oryzae infection were significantly alleviated when treated with six identified metabolites, i.e., galactol, tyramine, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, α-terpinene, and dopamine for 72 h exogenously. Therefore, these metabolites could be utilized as an optimal metabolic marker for M. oryzae defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Chunqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 China
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
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Liu R, Wang Y, Li P, Sun L, Jiang J, Fan X, Liu C, Zhang Y. Genome Assembly and Transcriptome Analysis of the Fungus Coniella diplodiella During Infection on Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.). Front Microbiol 2021; 11:599150. [PMID: 33505371 PMCID: PMC7829486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.599150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape white rot caused by Coniella diplodiella (Speg.) affects the production and quality of grapevine in China and other grapevine-growing countries. Despite the importance of C. diplodiella as a serious disease-causing agent in grape, the genome information and molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity are poorly understood. To bridge this gap, 40.93 Mbp of C. diplodiella strain WR01 was de novo assembled. A total of 9,403 putative protein-coding genes were predicted. Among these, 608 and 248 genes are potentially secreted proteins and candidate effector proteins (CEPs), respectively. Additionally, the transcriptome of C. diplodiella was analyzed after feeding with crude grapevine leaf homogenates, which reveals the transcriptional expression of 9,115 genes. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that the highly enriched genes are related with carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite synthesis. Forty-three putative effectors were cloned from C. diplodiella, and applied for further functional analysis. Among them, one protein exhibited strong effect in the suppression of BCL2-associated X (BAX)-induced hypersensitive response after transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. This work facilitates valuable genetic basis for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying C. diplodiella-grapevine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianfu Jiang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiucai Fan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chonghuai Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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Haile ZM, Gebremichael DE, Capriotti L, Molesini B, Negrini F, Collina M, Sabbadini S, Mezzetti B, Baraldi E. Double-Stranded RNA Targeting Dicer-Like Genes Compromises the Pathogenicity of Plasmopara viticola on Grapevine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667539. [PMID: 34084177 PMCID: PMC8167485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola is one of the most devastating diseases of grapevine, attacking all green parts of the plant. The damage is severe when the infection at flowering stage is left uncontrolled. P. viticola management consumes a significant amount of classical pesticides applied in vineyards, requiring efficient and environmentally safe disease management options. Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), through the application of exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), has shown promising results for the management of diseases in crops. Here, we developed and tested the potential of dsRNA targeting P. viticola Dicer-like (DCL) genes for SIGS-based crop protection strategy. The exogenous application of PvDCL1/2 dsRNA, a chimera of PvDCL1 and PvDCL2, highly affected the virulence of P. viticola. The reduced expression level of PvDCL1 and PvDCL2 transcripts in infected leaves, treated with PvDCL1/2 dsRNA, was an indication of an active RNA interference mechanism inside the pathogen to compromise its virulence. Besides the protective property, the PvDCL1/2 dsRNA also exhibited a curative role by reducing the disease progress rate of already established infection. Our data provide a promising future for PvDCL1/2 dsRNA as a new generation of RNA-based resistant plants or RNA-based agrochemical for the management of downy mildew disease in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeraye Mehari Haile
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Luca Capriotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Barbara Molesini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Negrini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Collina
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbadini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Baraldi,
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Sargolzaei M, Rustioni L, Cola G, Ricciardi V, Bianco PA, Maghradze D, Failla O, Quaglino F, Toffolatti SL, De Lorenzis G. Georgian Grapevine Cultivars: Ancient Biodiversity for Future Viticulture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:630122. [PMID: 33613611 PMCID: PMC7892605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.630122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most widely cultivated plant species of agricultural interest, and is extensively appreciated for its fruits and the wines made from its fruits. Considering the high socio-economic impact of the wine sector all over the world, in recent years, there has been an increase in work aiming to investigate the biodiversity of grapevine germplasm available for breeding programs. Various studies have shed light on the genetic diversity characterizing the germplasm from the cradle of V. vinifera domestication in Georgia (South Caucasus). Georgian germplasm is placed in a distinct cluster from the European one and possesses a rich diversity for many different traits, including eno-carpological and phenological traits; resistance to pathogens, such as oomycetes and phytoplasmas; resistance to abiotic stresses, such as sunburn. The aim of this review is to assess the potential of Georgian cultivars as a source of useful traits for breeding programs. The unique genetic and phenotypic aspects of Georgian germplasm were unraveled, to better understand the diversity and quality of the genetic resources available to viticulturists, as valuable resources for the coming climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sargolzaei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rustioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento – Centro Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ricciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Piero A. Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - David Maghradze
- Faculty of Viticulture and Winemaking, Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- National Wine Agency of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Osvaldo Failla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Quaglino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia L. Toffolatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Silvia L. Toffolatti,
| | - Gabriella De Lorenzis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Gabriella De Lorenzis,
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Abstract
This introductory chapter describes the life cycle of Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease. During plant infection, M. oryzae forms a specialized infection structure called an appressorium, which generates enormous turgor, applied as a mechanical force to breach the rice cuticle. Appressoria form in response to physical cues from the hydrophobic rice leaf cuticle and nutrient availability. The signaling pathways involved in perception of surface signals are described and the mechanism by which appressoria function is also introduced. Re-polarization of the appressorium requires a septin complex to organize a toroidal F-actin network at the base of the cell. Septin aggregation requires a turgor-dependent sensor kinase, Sln1, necessary for re-polarization of the appressorium and development of a rigid penetration hypha to rupture the leaf cuticle. Once inside the plant, the fungus undergoes secretion of a large set of effector proteins, many of which are directed into plant cells using a specific secretory pathway. Here they suppress plant immunity, but can also be perceived by rice immune receptors, triggering resistances. M. oryzae then manipulates pit field sites, containing plasmodesmata, to facilitate rapid spread from cell to cell in plant tissue, leading to disease symptom development.
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Ruiz-García L, Gago P, Martínez-Mora C, Santiago JL, Fernádez-López DJ, Martínez MDC, Boso S. Evaluation and Pre-selection of New Grapevine Genotypes Resistant to Downy and Powdery Mildew, Obtained by Cross-Breeding Programs in Spain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:674510. [PMID: 34956246 PMCID: PMC8703198 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.674510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The need to develop an environmentally friendly, sustainable viticulture model has led to numerous grapevine improvement programmes aiming to increase resistance to downy and powdery mildew. The success of such programmes relies on the availability of protocols that can quantify the resistance/susceptibility of new genotypes, and on the existence of molecular markers of resistance loci that can aid in the selection process. The present work assesses the degree of phenotypic resistance/susceptibility to downy and powdery mildew of 28 new genotypes obtained from crosses between "Monastrell" and "Regent." Three genotypes showed strong combined resistance, making them good candidates for future crosses with other sources of resistance to these diseases (pyramiding). In general, laboratory and glasshouse assessments of resistance at the phenotype level agreed with the resistance expected from the presence of resistance-associated alleles of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for the loci Rpv3 and Ren3 (inherited from "Regent"), confirming their usefulness as indicators of likely resistance to downy and powdery mildew, respectively, particularly so for downy mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Ruiz-García
- Department of Biotechnology, Genomics and Plant Breeding, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Gago
- Department of Viticulture and Forestry, Misión Biológica de Galicia (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC), Salcedo, Spain
| | - Celia Martínez-Mora
- Department of Biotechnology, Genomics and Plant Breeding, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Santiago
- Department of Viticulture and Forestry, Misión Biológica de Galicia (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC), Salcedo, Spain
| | - Diego J. Fernádez-López
- Department of Biotechnology, Genomics and Plant Breeding, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, Murcia, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Martínez
- Department of Viticulture and Forestry, Misión Biológica de Galicia (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC), Salcedo, Spain
| | - Susana Boso
- Department of Viticulture and Forestry, Misión Biológica de Galicia (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC), Salcedo, Spain
- *Correspondence: Susana Boso,
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Aleynova OA, Nityagovsky NN, Kiselev KV. Biodiversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi of wild grapes Vitis amurensis Rupr. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213905001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi of V. amurensis grape plants growing in the suburbs of Vladivostok in the summer and autumn periods of 2018-2020 was analyzed. About 600 strains of bacteria and 160 strains of fungi were inoculated from peripherally sterilized leaves and stems of V. amurensis. Isolated bacteria were representatives of 36 genera: Actinobacterium, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Buttiauxella, Curtobacterium, Duganella, Erwinia, Enterobacter, Frigoribacterium, Frondihabitans, Klebsiella, Leclercia, Lelliottia, Methylobacterium, Microbacterium, Mucilaginibacter, Luteibacter, Lysinimonas, Pantoea, Paenibacillus, Parageobacillus, Pedobacter, Phyllobacterium, Plantibacter, Pseudomonas, Pullulanibacillus, Raoultella, Rhizobium, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Streptomyces, Serratia, Xanthomonas. The largest number of strains were representatives of the genera Erwinia, Pantoae and Pseudomonas. Endophytic grape fungi were represented by 25 genera: Alternaria, Annulohypoxylon, Aureobasidium, Biscogniauxia, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Coniochaeta, Coprinellus, Davidiellaceae, Didymella, Discosia, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Hypoxylon, Neosetophoma, Nemania, Neurospora, Nigrospora, Paraphoma, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Pestalosphaeria, Phoma, Trichoderma, Xylaria. The largest number of representatives were of the genus Didymella, Cladosporium and Colletotrichum.
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Colonization of Solanum melongena and Vitis vinifera Plants by Botrytis cinerea Is Strongly Reduced by the Exogenous Application of Tomato Systemin. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 7:jof7010015. [PMID: 33383908 PMCID: PMC7824362 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant defense peptides are able to control immune barriers and represent a potential novel resource for crop protection. One of the best-characterized plant peptides is tomato Systemin (Sys) an octadecapeptide synthesized as part of a larger precursor protein. Upon pest attack, Sys interacts with a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase, systemin receptor SYR, activating a complex intracellular signaling pathway that leads to the wound response. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the direct delivery of the peptide to Solanum melongena and Vitis vinifera plants protects from the agent of Grey mould (Botrytis cinerea). The observed disease tolerance is associated with the increase of total soluble phenolic content, the activation of antioxidant enzymes, and the up-regulation of defense-related genes in plants treated with the peptide. Our results suggest that in treated plants, the biotic defense system is triggered by the Sys signaling pathway as a consequence of Sys interaction with a SYR-like receptor recently found in several plant species, including those under investigation. We propose that this biotechnological use of Sys, promoting defense responses against invaders, represents a useful tool to integrate into pest management programs for the development of novel strategies of crop protection.
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46
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Pezzotti G, Fujita Y, Boschetto F, Zhu W, Marin E, Vandelle E, McEntire BJ, Bal SB, Giarola M, Makimura K, Polverari A. Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Bioceramic Silicon Nitride as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative for the Control of the Grapevine Downy Mildew Pathogen Plasmopara viticola. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:610211. [PMID: 33381101 PMCID: PMC7767917 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.610211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Downy mildew of grapevine, caused by Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berl. and de Toni, is one of the most devastating diseases of grapevine, severely affecting grape and wine production and quality worldwide. Infections are usually controlled by the intensive application of synthetic fungicides or by copper-based products in organic farming, rising problems for soil contamination and adverse impacts on environment and human health. While strict regulations attempt to minimize their harmful consequences, the situation calls for the development of alternative fungicidal strategies. This study presents the unprecedented case of a bioceramic, silicon nitride, with antimicrobial properties against P. viticola, but without adverse effects on human cells and environment, opening the way to the possible extension of silicon nitride applications in agriculture. Raman spectroscopic assessments of treated sporangia in conjunction with microscopic observations mechanistically showed that the nitrogen-chemistry of the bioceramic surface affects pathogen's biochemical components and cell viability, thus presenting a high potential for host protection from P. viticola infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Francesco Boschetto
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Elia Marin
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Elodie Vandelle
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Sonny B. Bal
- SINTX Technologies Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Marco Giarola
- Raman Laboratory, Centro Piattaforme Tecnologiche, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Koichi Makimura
- Medical Mycology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Annalisa Polverari
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Grapevine-Downy Mildew Rendezvous: Proteome Analysis of the First Hours of an Incompatible Interaction. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111498. [PMID: 33167573 PMCID: PMC7694532 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most relevant crops in the world being used for economically important products such as wine. However, relevant grapevine cultivars are heavily affected by diseases such as the downy mildew disease caused by Plasmopara viticola. Improvements on grapevine resistance are made mainly by breeding techniques where resistance traits are introgressed into cultivars with desired grape characteristics. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on how resistant or tolerant cultivars tackle the P. viticola pathogen. In this study, using a shotgun proteomics LC-MS/MS approach, we unravel the protein modulation of a highly tolerant grapevine cultivar, Vitis vinifera “Regent”, in the first hours post inoculation (hpi) with P. viticola. At 6 hpi, proteins related to defense and to response to stimuli are negatively modulated while at 12 hpi there is an accumulation of proteins belonging to both categories. The co-occurrence of indicators of effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is detected at both time-points, showing that these defense processes present high plasticity. The results obtained in this study unravel the tolerant grapevine defense strategy towards P. viticola and may provide valuable insights on resistance associated candidates and mechanisms, which may play an important role in the definition of new strategies for breeding approaches.
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48
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Plasmopara viticola infection affects mineral elements allocation and distribution in Vitis vinifera leaves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18759. [PMID: 33127977 PMCID: PMC7603344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmopara viticola is one of the most important pathogens infecting Vitis vinifera plants. The interactions among P. viticola and both susceptible and resistant grapevine plants have been extensively characterised, at transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic levels. However, the involvement of plants ionome in the response against the pathogen has been completely neglected so far. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the possible role of leaf ionomic modulation during compatible and incompatible interactions between P. viticola and grapevine plants. In susceptible cultivars, a dramatic redistribution of mineral elements has been observed, thus uncovering a possible role for mineral nutrients in the response against pathogens. On the contrary, the resistant cultivars did not present substantial rearrangement of mineral elements at leaf level, except for manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). This might demonstrate that, resistant cultivars, albeit expressing the resistance gene, still exploit a pathogen response mechanism based on the local increase in the concentration of microelements, which are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, these data also highlight the link between the mineral nutrition and plants' response to pathogens, further stressing that appropriate fertilization strategies can be fundamental for the expression of response mechanisms against pathogens.
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49
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NoPv1: a synthetic antimicrobial peptide aptamer targeting the causal agents of grapevine downy mildew and potato late blight. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17574. [PMID: 33067553 PMCID: PMC7567880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a crop of major economic importance. However, grapevine yield is guaranteed by the massive use of pesticides to counteract pathogen infections. Under temperate-humid climate conditions, downy mildew is a primary threat for viticulture. Downy mildew is caused by the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola Berl. & de Toni, which can attack grapevine green tissues. In lack of treatments and with favourable weather conditions, downy mildew can devastate up to 75% of grape cultivation in one season and weaken newly born shoots, causing serious economic losses. Nevertheless, the repeated and massive use of some fungicides can lead to environmental pollution, negative impact on non-targeted organisms, development of resistance, residual toxicity and can foster human health concerns. In this manuscript, we provide an innovative approach to obtain specific pathogen protection for plants. By using the yeast two-hybrid approach and the P. viticola cellulose synthase 2 (PvCesA2), as target enzyme, we screened a combinatorial 8 amino acid peptide library with the aim to identify interacting peptides, potentially able to inhibit PvCesa2. Here, we demonstrate that the NoPv1 peptide aptamer prevents P. viticola germ tube formation and grapevine leaf infection without affecting the growth of non-target organisms and without being toxic for human cells. Furthermore, NoPv1 is also able to counteract Phytophthora infestans growth, the causal agent of late blight in potato and tomato, possibly as a consequence of the high amino acid sequence similarity between P. viticola and P. infestans cellulose synthase enzymes.
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50
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Yacoub A, Magnin N, Gerbore J, Haidar R, Bruez E, Compant S, Guyoneaud R, Rey P. The Biocontrol Root-Oomycete, Pythium Oligandrum, Triggers Grapevine Resistance and Shifts in the Transcriptome of the Trunk Pathogenic Fungus, Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186876. [PMID: 32961710 PMCID: PMC7555917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in grapevine trunk diseases, mainly esca, represents a major threat for vineyard sustainability. Biocontrol of a pioneer fungus of esca, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, was investigated here by deciphering the tripartite interaction between this trunk-esca pathogen, grapevine and the biocontrol-oomycete, Pythium oligandrum. When P. oligandrum colonizes grapevine roots, it was observed that the wood necroses caused by P. chlamydospora were significantly reduced. Transcriptomic analyses of plant and fungus responses were performed to determine the molecular events occurring, with the aim to relate P.chlamydospora degradation of wood to gene expression modulation. Following P. oligandrum-root colonization, major transcriptomic changes occurred both, in the grapevine-defense system and in the P. chlamydospore-virulence factors. Grapevine-defense was enhanced in response to P. chlamydospora attacks, with P. oligandrum acting as a plant-systemic resistance inducer, promoting jasmonic/ethylene signaling pathways and grapevine priming. P. chlamydospora pathogenicity genes, such as those related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis, carbohydrate-active enzymes and transcription regulators, were also affected in their expression. Shifts in grapevine responses and key-fungal functions were associated with the reduction of P. chlamydospora wood necroses. This study provides evidence of wood fungal pathogen transcriptional changes induced by a root biocontrol agent, P. oligandrum, in which there is no contact between the two microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Yacoub
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Noel Magnin
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
| | | | - Rana Haidar
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Emilie Bruez
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Stéphane Compant
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l‘Environnement et les Matériaux—UMR 5254, Microbial Ecology, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour/E2S UPPA/CNRS, IBEAS Avenue de l’Université, 64013 Pau, France;
| | - Patrice Rey
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence:
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