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Massi F, Torriani SF, Waldner-Zulauf M, Bianco PA, Coatti M, Borsa P, Borghi L, Toffolatti SL. Characterization of Italian Plasmopara viticola populations for resistance to oxathiapiprolin. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:1243-1250. [PMID: 36433674 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxathiapiprolin is a novel fungicide and the first of the piperidinyl-thiazole-isoxazoline class to be discovered. This fungicide has been reported to have high activity against Plasmopara viticola, the grapevine downy mildew agent, and other plant-pathogenic oomycetes. In this study, the baseline sensitivity of Italian P. viticola populations towards oxathiapiprolin was established on 29 samples collected in 10 different viticultural areas. Two insensitive strains were characterized for their mechanism of resistance. RESULTS Oxathiapiprolin exhibited substantial inhibitory activity against 27 of the 29 populations tested, with EC50 values ranging from a minimum of under 4 × 10-5 mg L-1 to over 4 × 10-1 mg L-1 , with an average value of 3.2 × 10-2 mg L-1 . Two stable suspected oxathiapiprolin-resistant mutants were isolated from population exhibiting reduced sensitivity, and sequenced for the oxathiapiprolin target gene PvORP1. The comparison with wild-type isolates revealed that the resistant isolates possessed a heterozygous mutation causing the amino acid substitution N837I, recently reported in the literature. CONCLUSION The results obtained indicate a risk for Italian P. viticola populations to develop resistance to oxathiapiprolin in association with the N837I mutation at PvORP1. Anti-resistance strategies should be carefully implemented and the sensitivity levels to this molecule should be monitored accurately in future to preserve its effectiveness. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Piero A Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Coatti
- Syngenta Italia Spa, Viale Fulvio Testi, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Borsa
- Syngenta Italia Spa, Viale Fulvio Testi, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Syngenta Crop Protection Münchwilen AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia L Toffolatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Sargolzaei M, Rustioni L, Cola G, Ricciardi V, Bianco PA, Maghradze D, Failla O, Quaglino F, Toffolatti SL, De Lorenzis G. Georgian Grapevine Cultivars: Ancient Biodiversity for Future Viticulture. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:630122. [PMID: 33613611 PMCID: PMC7892605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.630122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most widely cultivated plant species of agricultural interest, and is extensively appreciated for its fruits and the wines made from its fruits. Considering the high socio-economic impact of the wine sector all over the world, in recent years, there has been an increase in work aiming to investigate the biodiversity of grapevine germplasm available for breeding programs. Various studies have shed light on the genetic diversity characterizing the germplasm from the cradle of V. vinifera domestication in Georgia (South Caucasus). Georgian germplasm is placed in a distinct cluster from the European one and possesses a rich diversity for many different traits, including eno-carpological and phenological traits; resistance to pathogens, such as oomycetes and phytoplasmas; resistance to abiotic stresses, such as sunburn. The aim of this review is to assess the potential of Georgian cultivars as a source of useful traits for breeding programs. The unique genetic and phenotypic aspects of Georgian germplasm were unraveled, to better understand the diversity and quality of the genetic resources available to viticulturists, as valuable resources for the coming climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sargolzaei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rustioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento – Centro Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ricciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Piero A. Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - David Maghradze
- Faculty of Viticulture and Winemaking, Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- National Wine Agency of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Osvaldo Failla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Quaglino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia L. Toffolatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Silvia L. Toffolatti,
| | - Gabriella De Lorenzis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Gabriella De Lorenzis,
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Toffolatti SL, Russo G, Bezza D, Bianco PA, Massi F, Marcianò D, Maddalena G. Characterization of fungicide sensitivity profiles of Botrytis cinerea populations sampled in Lombardy (Northern Italy) and implications for resistance management. Pest Manag Sci 2020; 76:2198-2207. [PMID: 31965720 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to fungicides is one of the aspects that must be considered when planning treatments to achieve an optimal control of grey mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, in vineyards. In this study, extensive fungicide resistance monitoring was carried out in Northern Italy (Lombardy region) to evaluate several aspects of fungicide resistance (frequency of resistance, effect of field treatments, mechanism of resistance and fitness) on 720 B. cinerea strains isolated from 36 vineyards. RESULTS Of the characterized strains, 12% were resistant to a single fungicide class (3% to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor boscalid, 4% to the anilinopirimidine cyprodinil; 5% to the phenylpirrole fludioxonil; 0.1% to the ketoreductase inhibitor fenhexamid) and 0.8% to two fungicide classes contemporaneously. Resistance was associated with mutations reported in the literature for boscalid (H272Y/R) and fenhexamid (P238S or I232M). Two new mutations in sdhC (A187F) and in sdhD (I189L) could be related to boscalid resistance. Strains resistant to fludioxonil did not show any known mutations. No significant differences were found in the fitness of sensitive and resistant strains. CONCLUSION Overall, field populations of B. cinerea showed a relatively low frequency of resistance, but the geographical distribution of resistance, genetic mechanisms of resistance and fitness of resistant strains suggest that management of resistance should be implemented, at local and regional levels. Particular attention should be given to the fungicide sprays planned before veraison, since they seem to be associated with a higher frequency of resistant strains in vineyards. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia L Toffolatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Russo
- Ordine dei Dottori Agronomi e Forestali di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Bezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Piero A Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Demetrio Marcianò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuliana Maddalena
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Toffolatti SL, Russo G, Campia P, Bianco PA, Borsa P, Coatti M, Torriani SF, Sierotzki H. A time-course investigation of resistance to the carboxylic acid amide mandipropamid in field populations of Plasmopara viticola treated with anti-resistance strategies. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:2822-2834. [PMID: 29749019 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite anti-resistance strategies being recommended to reduce selection pressure on insensitive strains, no information is available on fungal population dynamics following their application in real field conditions. In this study, the effects on Plasmopara viticola populations of two identical spray programs, differing only in including or not the carboxylic acid amide (CAA) mandipropamid in mixture and in alternation with an anti-resistance partner, were compared in terms of downy mildew control efficacy and mandipropamid sensitivity in two commercial vineyards for four seasons. RESULTS Both programs effectively and similarly protected grapevine from downy mildew, despite different starting sensitivity levels of the P. viticola populations. In the vineyard where resistant strains were initially present, the frequency of mutations associated with resistance (G1105S/V) fluctuated within seasons in both programs and a shift towards sensitivity occurred after 3 years of the mandipropamid-free program. Where sensitivity was initially present, no changes occurred in the mandipropamid-free program and resistant strains were selected in the mandipropamid program in high disease pressure conditions. CONCLUSION The anti-resistance strategy including mandipropamid in mixture showed a good field performance, but did not completely prevent an increase in the frequency of insensitive strains. This supports the need for appropriate planning to determine which mixtures should be used in the field. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia L Toffolatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Campia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Piero A Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Passera A, Alizadeh H, Azadvar M, Quaglino F, Alizadeh A, Casati P, Bianco PA. Studies of Microbiota Dynamics Reveals Association of " Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus" Infection with Citrus ( Citrus sinensis) Decline in South of Iran. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1817. [PMID: 29925799 PMCID: PMC6032414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus Decline Disease was recently reported to affect several citrus species in Iran when grafted on a local rootstock variety, Bakraee. Preliminary studies found “Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifoliae” and “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” as putative etiological agents, but were not ultimately able to determine which one, or if an association of both, were causing the disease. The current study has the aim of characterizing the microbiota of citrus plants that are either asymptomatic, showing early symptoms, or showing late symptoms through amplification of the V1–V3 region of 16S rRNA gene using an Illumina sequencer in order to (i) clarify the etiology of the disease, and (ii) describe the microbiota associated to different symptom stages. Our results suggest that liberibacter may be the main pathogen causing Citrus Decline Disease, but cannot rule out the possibility of phytoplasma being involved as well. The characterization of microbiota shows that the leaves show only two kinds of communities, either symptomatic or asymptomatic, while roots show clear distinction between early and late symptoms. These results could lead to the identification of bacteria that are related to successful plant defense response and, therefore, to immunity to the Citrus Decline Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Passera
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Hamidreza Alizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft 7867161167, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Azadvar
- Plant Protection Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Jiroft 7867161167, Iran.
| | - Fabio Quaglino
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Asma Alizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft 7867161167, Iran.
| | - Paola Casati
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Piero A Bianco
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Pierro R, Passera A, Panattoni A, Casati P, Luvisi A, Rizzo D, Bianco PA, Quaglino F, Materazzi A. Molecular Typing of Bois Noir Phytoplasma Strains in the Chianti Classico Area (Tuscany, Central Italy) and Their Association with Symptom Severity in Vitis vinifera 'Sangiovese'. Phytopathology 2018; 108:362-373. [PMID: 29027886 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-17-0215-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bois noir (BN) is the most widespread disease of the grapevine yellows complex in the Euro-Mediterranean area. BN is caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' (BNp), transmitted from herbaceous plants to grapevine by polyphagous insect vectors. In this study, genetic diversity among BNp strains and their prevalence and possible association with grapevine symptom severity were investigated in a Sangiovese clone organic vineyard in the Chianti Classico area (Tuscany). Field surveys over 2 years revealed a range of symptom severity on grapevine and an increase of BN incidence. A TaqMan allelic discrimination assay detected only tufB type b among BNp strains, suggesting the prevalence of the bindweed-related ecology. Nucleotide sequence analyses of vmp1 and stamp genes identified 12 vmp1 and 16 stamp sequence variants, showing an overall positive selection for such genes. The prevalent genotype was Vm43/St10, reported for the first time in this study and closely related to strains identified only in the French Eastern Pyrenees. BNp strains identified in the examined vineyard and mostly grouped in separate bindweed-related phylogenetic clusters showed statistically significant differences in their distribution in grapevines exhibiting distinct symptom severity. These results suggest the possible occurrence of a range of virulence within BNp strain populations in the Chianti Classico area.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pierro
- First, third, fifth, and ninth authors: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; second, fourth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; fifth author: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies-University of Salento, via Provinciale Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and sixth author: Regional Phytosanitary Service, Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - A Passera
- First, third, fifth, and ninth authors: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; second, fourth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; fifth author: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies-University of Salento, via Provinciale Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and sixth author: Regional Phytosanitary Service, Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - A Panattoni
- First, third, fifth, and ninth authors: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; second, fourth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; fifth author: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies-University of Salento, via Provinciale Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and sixth author: Regional Phytosanitary Service, Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - P Casati
- First, third, fifth, and ninth authors: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; second, fourth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; fifth author: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies-University of Salento, via Provinciale Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and sixth author: Regional Phytosanitary Service, Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - A Luvisi
- First, third, fifth, and ninth authors: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; second, fourth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; fifth author: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies-University of Salento, via Provinciale Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and sixth author: Regional Phytosanitary Service, Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - D Rizzo
- First, third, fifth, and ninth authors: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; second, fourth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; fifth author: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies-University of Salento, via Provinciale Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and sixth author: Regional Phytosanitary Service, Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - P A Bianco
- First, third, fifth, and ninth authors: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; second, fourth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; fifth author: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies-University of Salento, via Provinciale Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and sixth author: Regional Phytosanitary Service, Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - F Quaglino
- First, third, fifth, and ninth authors: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; second, fourth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; fifth author: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies-University of Salento, via Provinciale Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and sixth author: Regional Phytosanitary Service, Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - A Materazzi
- First, third, fifth, and ninth authors: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; second, fourth, seventh, and eighth authors: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; fifth author: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies-University of Salento, via Provinciale Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and sixth author: Regional Phytosanitary Service, Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
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Kostadinovska E, Mitrev S, Bianco PA, Casati P, Bulgari D. First Report of Grapevine virus A and Grapevine fleck virus in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Plant Dis 2014; 98:1747. [PMID: 30703907 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-14-0518-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important crop and can host several different viruses, including those that have to be excluded from certified propagating material in Europe. Among these, the Vitivirus Grapevine virus A (GVA) and the Maculavirus Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) are phloem-limited viruses that are associated with two different grapevine diseases, Kober stem grooving, belonging to the rugose wood complex, and fleck diseases, respectively. During a survey conducted in 2012 in the former Republic of Macedonia, symptomatic plants with reddening of leaves were collected for laboratory analyses. In this study, grapevine red varieties (Vranec, Francovka, and Pinot noir) from four different localities (Stip, Kavadarci, Valandovo, and Gevgelija) in Macedonia were examined. Thirty-four samples were analyzed by DAS-ELISA using commercially antibodies against Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3). Ten selected samples were processed through DAS-ELISA and molecular assays also for the presence of GVA and GFkV. Total RNA was extracted as previously described (2) and retro-transcribed (RT) using random primers followed by PCR assay with primers GVA-MP (5'-GCCAGAGGTGTTTGAGACAAT-3') and GVA-CPdt (5'-TTTTGTCTTCGTGTGACAACCT-3') (1), which amplified a GVA-specific fragment of 986 bp, and with primers GFkV-U279 (5'-TGGTCCTCGGCCCAGTGAAAAAGTA-3') and GFkV-L630 (5'-GGCCAGGTTGTAGTCGGTGTTGTC-3') (3), which amplified a GFkV-specific region of 315 bp. Results from DAS-ELISA test showed the presence of GLRaV-3 in 21 tested samples and of GVA and GFkV in six and three out of 10 selected samples, respectively. GVA was found in Vranec and Francovka vines sampled in all the locations mentioned before, while GFkV was detected in Vranec and Pinot noir vines, in Stip, Kavadarci, and Gevgelija. These latter results were confirmed by RT-PCR assays; then, four GVA-specific and three GFkV-specific amplicons were sequenced from both directions to get a 3× coverage. For GVA fragment, a primer pair designed in the internal part of the sequence was also used. BLASTn analyses showed that (i) PCR products amplified with GVA-specific primers shared best nucleotide sequence identities, ranging from 91.7 to 93.7%, with GVA isolate at GenBank Accession No. X75433; (ii) PCR products amplified with GFkV-specific primers shared best nucleotide sequence identities, from 92.5 to 94.7%, with GFkV isolate at AJ309022. These evidences reinforced the serological and PCR results indicating that GVA and GFkV were identified in examined grapevine plants in this study. Nucleotide sequences of GVA (KF594432 to 35) and GFkV (KF594429 to 31) were submitted to GenBank. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GVA and GFkV grapevine viruses in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. References: (1) J. De Meyer et al. Page 138 in: Extended Abstracts, 13th Meeting of ICVG, Adelaide, 12-17 March 2000. (2) D. J. MacKenzie et al. Plant Dis. 81:222, 1997. (3) B. J. Shi et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 142:349, 2003.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kostadinovska
- Goce Delcev University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Plant and Environmental Protection, Krste Misirkov bb, 2000 Stip, Republic of Macedonia
| | - S Mitrev
- Goce Delcev University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Plant and Environmental Protection, Krste Misirkov bb, 2000 Stip, Republic of Macedonia
| | - P A Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - P Casati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - D Bulgari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Quaglino F, Maghradze D, Chkhaidze N, Casati P, Failla O, Bianco PA. First Report of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' and 'Ca. P. convolvuli' Associated with Grapevine Bois Noir and Bindweed Yellows, Respectively, in Georgia. Plant Dis 2014; 98:1151. [PMID: 30708810 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-14-0026-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A survey carried out in Georgian vineyards, located in the Khaketi region, in September 2013, showed the presence of vines of the cultivar Chardonnay with typical grapevine yellows (GY) symptoms including leaf discoloration and curling, berry shriveling, and irregular maturation of wood. In the same vineyards, bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) plants showing shoot proliferation and leaf yellowing were found, suggesting the involvement of phytoplasmas in the disease etiology. Total DNA was extracted by a CTAB method from leaf veins of 18 symptomatic and two asymptomatic grapevines, and from four symptomatic and two asymptomatic bindweeds, and analyzed by PCR assays. Moreover, DNA extracted from 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' strain SAY (group 16SrI), 'Ca. P. solani' strain STOL (group 16SrXII), and 'Ca. P. ulmi' strain EY1 (group 16SrV) were used as positive controls. DNA extracted from healthy periwinkle and a reaction mixture without template were employed as negative controls. Nested PCRs targeting the 16S rDNA, carried out using the primer pairs P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 (1), produced a band of the expected size (1,250 nt) in all the symptomatic grapevine and bindweed plants, and in the positive controls. No amplification was observed with DNA from asymptomatic plants nor the negative controls. PCR products were sequenced by a commercial sequencing service (Primm, Milan, Italy). The 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences of phytoplasmas identified in all grapevines and in two bindweed samples shared >99.5% sequence identity with 'Ca. P. solani' reference strain STOL (GenBank Accession No. AF248959), and carried identical STOL-unique signature sequence and distinguishing sequence blocks (3). Moreover, nucleotide sequences of phytoplasmas identified in the other two bindweed samples shared >99.6% sequence identity with 'Ca. P. convolvuli' reference strain BY-S57/11 (JN833705) (2). RFLP and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the affiliation of the phytoplasma strains identified in grapevine and bindweed plants in Georgia to the species 'Ca. P. solani' (subgroup 16SrXII-A) and 'Ca. P. convolvuli' (subgroup 16SrXII-H). Representative 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences were deposited in NCBI GenBank website with accession nos. KF996535 and KF996536 ('Ca. P. solani' from grapevine and bindweed, respectively), and KF996537 ('Ca. P. convolvuli'). Future studies will focus on investigating the spread and impact of 'Ca. P. solani'-associated bois noir (BN) in Georgia. In particular, the identification of 'Ca. P. solani' in bindweeds suggested the presence of the insect Hyalesthes obsoletus, a polyphagous cixiidae responsible for BN phytoplasma transmission in vineyards in Europe. Accurate surveys and molecular analyses will be performed for identifying the insect vector(s) of the BN associated phytoplasma strains in Georgia. Additional studies will be performed to study the spread and impact of 'Ca. P. convolvuli,' identified only in Italy, Germany, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina (2), throughout the Caucasian countries. References: (1) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (2) M. Martini et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 62:2910, 2013. (3) F. Quaglino et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 63:2879, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Quaglino
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - D Maghradze
- Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, Agricultural University of Georgia
| | - N Chkhaidze
- Laboratory of Plant Anatomy and Physiology, Agricultural University of Georgia
| | - P Casati
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - O Failla
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - P A Bianco
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
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Bulgari D, Casati P, Quaglino F, Bianco PA. Endophytic bacterial community of grapevine leaves influenced by sampling date and phytoplasma infection process. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:198. [PMID: 25048741 PMCID: PMC4223760 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytic bacteria benefit host plant directly or indirectly, e.g. by biocontrol of the pathogens. Up to now, their interactions with the host and with other microorganisms are poorly understood. Consequently, a crucial step for improving the knowledge of those relationships is to determine if pathogens or plant growing season influence endophytic bacterial diversity and dynamic. RESULTS Four healthy, four phytoplasma diseased and four recovered (symptomatic plants that spontaneously regain a healthy condition) grapevine plants were sampled monthly from June to October 2010 in a vineyard in north-western Italy. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from sterilized leaves and the endophytic bacterial community dynamic and diversity were analyzed by taxon specific real-time PCR, Length-Heterogeneity PCR and genus-specific PCR. These analyses revealed that both sampling date and phytoplasma infection influenced the endophytic bacterial composition. Interestingly, in June, when the plants are symptomless and the pathogen is undetectable (i) the endophytic bacterial community associated with diseased grapevines was different from those in the other sampling dates, when the phytoplasmas are detectable inside samples; (ii) the microbial community associated with recovered plants differs from that living inside healthy and diseased plants. Interestingly, LH-PCR database identified bacteria previously reported as biocontrol agents in the examined grapevines. Of these, Burkholderia, Methylobacterium and Pantoea dynamic was influenced by the phytoplasma infection process and seasonality. CONCLUSION Results indicated that endophytic bacterial community composition in grapevine is correlated to both phytoplasma infection and sampling date. For the first time, data underlined that, in diseased plants, the pathogen infection process can decrease the impact of seasonality on community dynamic. Moreover, based on experimental evidences, it was reasonable to hypothesize that after recovery the restructured microbial community could maintain the main structure between seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bulgari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Casati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Quaglino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Piero A Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Bulgari D, Minio A, Casati P, Quaglino F, Delledonne M, Bianco PA. Curtobacterium sp. Genome Sequencing Underlines Plant Growth Promotion-Related Traits. Genome Announc 2014; 2:e00592-14. [PMID: 25035321 PMCID: PMC4102858 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00592-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are microorganisms residing in plant tissues without causing disease symptoms. Here, we provide the high-quality genome sequence of Curtobacterium sp. strain S6, isolated from grapevine plant. The genome assembly contains 2,759,404 bp in 13 contigs and 2,456 predicted genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bulgari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Minio
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Casati
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Quaglino
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Piero A Bianco
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Salem NM, Quaglino F, Abdeen A, Casati P, Bulgari D, Alma A, Bianco PA. First Report of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' Strains Associated with Grapevine Bois Noir in Jordan. Plant Dis 2013; 97:1505. [PMID: 30708465 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-13-0428-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During a survey carried out in Jordanian vineyards in August and October 2012, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) plants showing typical grapevine yellows (GY) disease symptoms, including leaf discoloration and curling, berry shriveling, and irregular maturation of wood, were observed. In the same vineyards, bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) plants showing stunting and leaf chromatic alteration were found, suggesting the involvement of phytoplasmas in the disease etiology. Using a CTAB method, total DNA was extracted from leaf veins of 25 symptomatic and two asymptomatic grapevines, and from five symptomatic and two asymptomatic bindweeds for PCR analysis. DNAs from periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) plants infected by 'Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' strain SAY (group 16SrI), 'Ca. Phytoplasma solani' strain STOL (group 16SrXII), and 'Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi' strain EY1 (group 16SrV), were used as positive controls. DNAs from healthy periwinkle and reactions without template DNA were employed as negative controls. 16S rDNA nested PCRs, carried out using the primer pairs P1/P7, followed by R16F2n/R16R2 (1), yielded an amplicon of the expected size (1,250-bp) in three grapevine and in five bindweed samples, and in positive controls. Amplicons were not produced with DNA from 22 symptomatic grapevines (probably because samples were collected late in the growing season and phytoplasma distribution in plants was non-uniform [2]); nor from asymptomatic plants and negative controls. PCR products were sequenced by commercial services in Italy (Primm, Milan) and Korea (Macrogen Inc., Soul). Representative 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences were deposited in NCBI GenBank with accessions KC835139 (from grapevine) and KC835140 (from bindweed). The 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences of phytoplasmas identified in grapevine and bindweed in Jordan shared >99.5% sequence identity with 'Ca. Phytoplasma solani' reference strain STOL (AF248959), and carried identical STOL-unique signature sequences and distinguishing sequence blocks (3). Phylogenetic and in silico RFLP analyses confirmed the affiliation of phytoplasma strains identified in grapevine and bindweed in Jordan to the species 'Ca. Phytoplasma solani' (subgroup 16SrXII-A), opening an avenue to future studies on the dissemination and impact of Bois noir (BN) in Jordan. These studies may add new information about BN, previously reported in neighboring countries (4). Further studies will investigate the role of Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret, a polyphagous Cixiidae responsible for the BN phytoplasma transmission in Europe, and other possible insect vector(s) in the BN spread in Jordan. References: (1) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bact. 48:1153, 1998. (2) F. E. Constable et al. Plant Pathol. 52:267, 2003. (3) F. Quaglino et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microb. 63:2879. (4) E. Choueiri et al. Plant Dis. 86:697, 2002.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Salem
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - F Quaglino
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A Abdeen
- Knowledge Sector, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan
| | - P Casati
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - D Bulgari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A Alma
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - P A Bianco
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
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Bianco PA, Marzachì C, Musetti R, Naor V. Perspectives of endophytes as biocontrol agents in the management of phytoplasma diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5958/j.2249-4677.3.1.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Martini M, Botti S, Marcone C, Marzachì C, Casati P, Bianco PA, Benedetti R, Bertaccini A. Genetic variability among flavescence dorée phytoplasmas from different origins in Italy and France. Mol Cell Probes 2002; 16:197-208. [PMID: 12144771 DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.2002.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavescence dorée is a devastating disease of grapevine widespread in several countries in EU such as France, Italy and Spain. Genetic variability among 17 Italian and 3 French FD strains was investigated by RFLP analyses based on a fragment of the ribosomal protein operon and on the non-ribosomal DNA fragment FD9. RFLP analysis of the PCR amplified ribosomal protein fragment, coding for the 3' end of rpl22 and the entire rps3 genes, differentiated 4 rp-subgroups among the FD strains and 4 subgroups among the reference strains belonging to elm yellows group (16SrV). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the same ribosomal protein DNA fragment validated the delineation of 4 distinct FD strain types derived by RFLP analyses. The results supported the differentiation based on analysis of the non-ribosomal DNA fragment FD9. The phylogenetic analysis further revealed relationships and a probable evolutionary trend among the FD strains and the other representatives of elm yellows group. All the FD strains together with the reference strains ALY, RuS and JWB formed a cluster very well distinct from the EY/ULW cluster. Moreover, ALY was shown to be more closely related to three FD strain types: the Lombardia/Piemonte, the French FD70, and the French FD88/Italian FD-D strain clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martini
- DiSTA, Patologia Vegetale, University of Bologna, Italy
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