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Li L, Zhang T, Lin J, Lian X, Zou X, Ma X, Wu P. Longitudinal section cell morphology of Chinese fir roots and the relationship between root structure and function. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1122860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe longitudinal section cell morphology of Chinese fir roots was studied to better understand the relationship between root structure and root function.MaterialsIn this study, the adjusted microwave paraffin section method and the selected two sample transparency methods were used to process the Chinese fir roots and combined with the laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) technique, the morphology of Chinese fir roots longitudinal section can be clearly observed in a short time. At the same time, the observation effect of the longitudinal section cell morphology of the LSCM image of the thick section of the Chinese fir roots and the ordinary optical imaging of the thin section was analyzed and compared.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that: (1) There were apparent differences in the observation effect of cell morphology in longitudinal sections of Chinese fir roots obtained using various treatment methods. Under LSCM, the section with a thickness of 20 μm generated by the microwave paraffin section technique displayed complete cell morphology and clear structure in the root cap, meristem zone, and elongation zone. The overall imaging effect was good; the thickness was 0.42–1.01, 0.64–1.57, and 0.95–2.71 mm, respectively. The cell arrangement in maturation zone cells was more regular. (2) Compared to the ordinary optical imaging of thin sections, the thick sections of roots made by the microwave paraffin section method shortened the time to obtain high-quality sections to ensure the observation effect. Therefore, adopting the microwave paraffin cutting approach to produce thicker root sections under LSCM allows for rapid observation of the cell morphology in longitudinal sections of Chinese fir roots. The current study provides the efficient operation procedure for the microscopic observation technology of the longitudinal section of Chinese fir roots, which is not only beneficial to reveal the relationship between the root structure and function from the microscopic point of view but also provides a technical reference for the anatomical study of other organs and the observation of the longitudinal section cell morphology of plant roots with similar structural characteristics.
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Xu X, Tao J, Xing A, Wu Z, Xu Y, Sun Y, Zhu J, Dai X, Wang Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals the roles of phytohormone signaling in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) flower development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:471. [PMID: 36192710 PMCID: PMC9531472 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is an important economic tea crop, but flowering will consume a lot of nutrients of C. sinensis, which will seriously affect the nutritional growth of C. sinensis. However, there are few studies on the development mechanism of C. sinensis flower, and most studies focus on a single C. sinensis cultivar. RESULTS Here, we identified a 92-genes' C. sinensis flower development core transcriptome from the transcriptome of three C. sinensis cultivars ('BaiYe1', 'HuangJinYa' and 'SuChaZao') in three developmental stages (bud stage, white bud stage and blooming stage). In addition, we also reveal the changes in endogenous hormone contents and the expression of genes related to synthesis and signal transduction during the development of C. sinensis flower. The results showed that most genes of the core transcriptome were involved in circadian rhythm and autonomous pathways. Moreover, there were only a few flowering time integrators, only 1 HD3A, 1 SOC1 and 1 LFY, and SOC1 played a dominant role in the development of C. sinensis flower. Furthermore, we screened out 217 differentially expressed genes related to plant hormone synthesis and 199 differentially expressed genes related to plant hormone signal transduction in C. sinensis flower development stage. CONCLUSIONS By constructing a complex hormone regulation network of C. sinensis flowering, we speculate that MYC, FT, SOC1 and LFY play key roles in the process of endogenous hormones regulating C. sinensis flowering development. The results of this study can a provide reference for the further study of C. sinensis flowering mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Anqi Xing
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zichen Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yuqin Xu
- Tea Research Institute of Tianmu Lake in Liyang Changzhou, Changzhou, 213300 China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiang Dai
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Xu X, Tian Z, Xing A, Wu Z, Li X, Dai L, Yang Y, Yin J, Wang Y. Nitric Oxide Participates in Aluminum-Stress-Induced Pollen Tube Growth Inhibition in Tea (Camelliasinensis) by Regulating CsALMTs. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172233. [PMID: 36079615 PMCID: PMC9460577 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), as a signal molecule, is involved in the mediation of heavy-metal-stress-induced physiological responses in plants. In this study, we investigated the effect of NO on Camellia sinensis pollen tubes exposed to aluminum (Al) stress. Exogenous application of the NO donor decreased the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant enzyme activities under Al stress. Simultaneously, the NO donor effectively increased NO content in pollen tube of C. sinensis under Al stress and could aggravate the damage of Al3+ to C. sinensis pollen tubes by promoting the uptake of Al3+. In addition, application of the NO-specific scavenger significantly alleviated stress damage in C. sinensis pollen tube under Al stress. Moreover, 18 CsALMT members from a key Al-transporting gene family were identified, which could be divided into four subclasses. Pearson correlation analysis showed the expression level of CsALMT8 showed significant positive correlation with the Al3+ concentration gradient and NO levels, but a significant negative correlation with pollen germination rate and pollen tube length. The expression level of CsALMT5 was negatively correlated with the Al3+ concentration gradient and NO level, and positively correlated with pollen germination rate and pollen tube length. The expression level of CsALMT17 showed a significant negative correlation with Al3+ concentration and NO content in pollen tubes, but significant positive correlation with pollen germination rate and pollen tube length. In conclusion, a complex signal network regulated by NO-mediated CsALMTs revealed that CsALMT8 was regulated by environmental Al3+ and NO to assist Al3+ entry into pollen tubes; CsALMT5 might be influenced by the Al3+ signal, stimulate malate efflux in vacuoles and chelate with Al3+ to detoxify Al in C. sinensis pollen tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Anqi Xing
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zichen Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuyan Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lingcong Dai
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiyang Yang
- Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Juan Yin
- Jiangsu Maoshan Tea Resorts Company Limited, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-133-7609-2013
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Çetinbaş-Genç A, Conti V, Cai G. Let's shape again: the concerted molecular action that builds the pollen tube. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2022; 35:77-103. [PMID: 35041045 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is being subjected to control by a complex network of communication that regulates its shape and the misfunction of a single component causes specific deformations. In flowering plants, the pollen tube is a tubular extension of the pollen grain required for successful sexual reproduction. Indeed, maintaining the unique shape of the pollen tube is essential for the pollen tube to approach the embryo sac. Many processes and molecules (such as GTPase activity, phosphoinositides, Ca2+ gradient, distribution of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, nonuniform pH values, organization of the cytoskeleton, balance between exocytosis and endocytosis, and cell wall structure) play key and coordinated roles in maintaining the cylindrical shape of pollen tubes. In addition, the above factors must also interact with each other so that the cell shape is maintained while the pollen tube follows chemical signals in the pistil that guide it to the embryo sac. Any intrinsic changes (such as erroneous signals) or extrinsic changes (such as environmental stresses) can affect the above factors and thus fertilization by altering the tube morphology. In this review, the processes and molecules that enable the development and maintenance of the unique shape of pollen tubes in angiosperms are presented emphasizing their interaction with specific tube shape. Thus, the purpose of the review is to investigate whether specific deformations in pollen tubes can help us to better understand the mechanism underlying pollen tube shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, 34722, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Veronica Conti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
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MicroRNA Omics Analysis of Camellia sinesis Pollen Tubes in Response to Low-Temperature and Nitric Oxide. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070930. [PMID: 34201466 PMCID: PMC8301950 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) as a momentous signal molecule participates in plant reproductive development and responds to various abiotic stresses. Here, the inhibitory effects of the NO-dominated signal network on the pollen tube growth of Camellia sinensis under low temperature (LT) were studied by microRNA (miRNA) omics analysis. The results showed that 77 and 71 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were induced by LT and NO treatment, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that DEM target genes related to microtubules and actin were enriched uniquely under LT treatment, while DEM target genes related to redox process were enriched uniquely under NO treatment. In addition, the target genes of miRNA co-regulated by LT and NO are only located on the cell membrane and cell wall, and most of them are enriched in metal ion binding and/or transport and cell wall organization. Furthermore, DEM and its target genes related to metal ion binding/transport, redox process, actin, cell wall organization and carbohydrate metabolism were identified and quantified by functional analysis and qRT-PCR. In conclusion, miRNA omics analysis provides a complex signal network regulated by NO-mediated miRNA, which changes cell structure and component distribution by adjusting Ca2+ gradient, thus affecting the polar growth of the C. sinensis pollen tube tip under LT.
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Çetinbaş-Genç A. Putrescine modifies the pollen tube growth of tea (Camellia sinensis) by affecting actin organization and cell wall structure. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:89-101. [PMID: 31342152 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of different exogenous putrescine concentrations (200, 400, 600, and 800 μM) on the tea pollen performance. It was shown that putrescine has a dose-dependent effect on pollen performance. Results exhibited that pollen germination and tube elongation were induced by 200 and 400 μM putrescine treatment, especially, 400 μM putrescine-enhanced pollen performance. However, pollen performance was inhibited by higher concentrations of putrescine. Putrescine concentrations above 400 μM changed the actin filament distribution in pollen tubes by affecting the distribution of sucrose synthase enzyme. Alterations of the distribution on sucrose synthase enzyme also caused the alterations in the dispersion of cellulose and callose in the cell wall, and morphological alterations such as balloon-shaped and snake-shaped pollen tube tip accompanied them. Moreover, putrescine concentrations above 400 μM caused a decrease of ROS level in apex and led to chromatin condensation of the generative nucleus. In conclusion, exogenous putrescine application can be used as a pollen performance enhancer at low concentrations while the high concentrations cause adverse effects reducing fertilization success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Kadıköy, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Seifikalhor M, Aliniaeifard S, Shomali A, Azad N, Hassani B, Lastochkina O, Li T. Calcium signaling and salt tolerance are diversely entwined in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1665455. [PMID: 31564206 PMCID: PMC6804723 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1665455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In plants dehydration imposed by salinity can invoke physical changes at the interface of the plasma membrane and cell wall. Changes in hydrostatic pressure activate ion channels and cause depolarization of the plasma membrane due to disturbance in ion transport. During the initial phases of salinity stress, the relatively high osmotic potential of the rhizosphere enforces the plant to use a diverse spectrum of strategies to optimize water and nutrient uptake. Signals of salt stress are recognized by specific root receptors that activate an osmosensing network. Plant response to hyperosmotic tension is closely linked to the calcium (Ca2+) channels and interacting proteins such as calmodulin. A rapid rise in cytosolic Ca2+ levels occurs within seconds of exposure to salt stress. Plants employ multiple sensors and signaling components to sense and respond to salinity stress, of which most are closely related to Ca2+ sensing and signaling. Several tolerance strategies such as osmoprotectant accumulation, antioxidant boosting, polyaminses and nitric oxide (NO) machineries are also coordinated by Ca2+ signaling. Substantial research has been done to discover the salt stress pathway and tolerance mechanism in plants, resulting in new insights into the perception of salt stress and the downstream signaling that happens in response. Nevertheless, the role of multifunctional components such as Ca2+ has not been sufficiently addressed in the context of salt stress. In this review, we elaborate that the salt tolerance signaling pathway converges with Ca2+ signaling in diverse pathways. We summarize knowledge related to different dimensions of salt stress signaling pathways in the cell by emphasizing the administrative role of Ca2+ signaling on salt perception, signaling, gene expression, ion homeostasis and adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Seifikalhor
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Shomali
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Azad
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batool Hassani
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oksana Lastochkina
- Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa, Russia
- Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
| | - Tao Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Zhu X, Liao J, Xia X, Xiong F, Li Y, Shen J, Wen B, Ma Y, Wang Y, Fang W. Physiological and iTRAQ-based proteomic analyses reveal the function of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in improving tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) tolerance at cold temperature. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:43. [PMID: 30700249 PMCID: PMC6354415 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internal γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) interacting with stress response substances may be involved in the regulation of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) associated with optimum temperature and cold stress in tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). RESULTS Tea plants supplied with or without 5.0 mM GABA were subjected to optimum or cold temperatures in this study. The increased GABA level induced by exogenous GABA altered levels of stress response substances - such as glutamate, polyamines and anthocyanins - in association with improved cold tolerance. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) - based DAPs were found for protein metabolism and nucleotide metabolism, energy, amino acid transport and metabolism other biological processes, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, antioxidant and stress defense. CONCLUSIONS The iTRAQ analysis could explain the GABA-induced physiological effects associated with cold tolerance in tea plants. Analysis of functional protein-protein networks further showed that alteration of endogenous GABA and stress response substances induced interactions among photosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and the corresponding differences could contribute to improved cold tolerance of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieren Liao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingli Xia
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Wuxi NextCODE Genomics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200131 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiazhi Shen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanchun Ma
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 People’s Republic of China
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Zhu J, Pan J, Nong S, Ma Y, Xing A, Zhu X, Wen B, Fang W, Wang Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Fluoride Treatment Affecting Biochemical Components in Camellia sinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020237. [PMID: 30634430 PMCID: PMC6359021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), one of the main crops in China, is high in various bioactive compounds including flavonoids, catechins, caffeine, theanine, and other amino acids. C. sinensis is also known as an accumulator of fluoride (F), and the bioactive compounds are affected by F, however, the mechanism remains unclear. Here, the effects of F treatment on the accumulation of F and major bioactive compounds and gene expression were investigated, revealing the molecular mechanisms affecting the accumulation of bioactive compounds by F treatment. The results showed that F accumulation in tea leaves gradually increased under exogenous F treatments. Similarly, the flavonoid content also increased in the F treatment. In contrast, the polyphenol content, free amino acids, and the total catechins decreased significantly. Special amino acids, such as sulfur-containing amino acids and proline, had the opposite trend of free amino acids. Caffeine was obviously induced by exogenous F, while the theanine content peaked after two day-treatment. These results suggest that the F accumulation and content of bioactive compounds were dramatically affected by F treatment. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the metabolism of main bioactive compounds and amino acids, especially the pivotal regulatory genes of catechins, caffeine, and theanine biosynthesis pathways, were identified and analyzed using high-throughput Illumina RNA-Seq technology and qRT-PCR. The expression of pivotal regulatory genes is consistent with the changes of the main bioactive compounds in C. sinensis leaves, indicating a complicated molecular mechanism for the above findings. Overall, these data provide a reference for exploring the possible molecular mechanism of the accumulation of major bioactive components such as flavonoid, catechins, caffeine, theanine and other amino acids in tea leaves in response to fluoride treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Junting Pan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Shouhua Nong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yuanchun Ma
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Anqi Xing
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Wong A, Tian X, Gehring C, Marondedze C. Discovery of Novel Functional Centers With Rationally Designed Amino Acid Motifs. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:70-76. [PMID: 29977479 PMCID: PMC6026216 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to environmental stresses and in part due to their sessile nature, they have evolved signal perception and adaptive strategies that are distinct from those of other eukaryotes. This is reflected at the cellular level where receptors and signalling molecules cannot be identified using standard homology-based searches querying with proteins from prokaryotes and other eukaryotes. One of the reasons for this is the complex domain architecture of receptor molecules. In order to discover hidden plant signalling molecules, we have developed a motif-based approach designed specifically for the identification of functional centers in plant molecules. This has made possible the discovery of novel components involved in signalling and stimulus-response pathways; the molecules include cyclic nucleotide cyclases, a nitric oxide sensor and a novel target for the hormone abscisic acid. Here, we describe the major steps of the method and illustrate it with recent and experimentally confirmed molecules as examples. We foresee that carefully curated search motifs supported by structural and bioinformatic assessments will uncover many more structural and functional aspects, particularly of signalling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Department of Biology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology & Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Borgo XX giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudius Marondedze
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA/DRF/BIG, INRA UMR1417, CNRS UMR5168, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Pan J, Wang W, Li D, Shu Z, Ye X, Chang P, Wang Y. Gene expression profile indicates involvement of NO in Camellia sinensis pollen tube growth at low temperature. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:809. [PMID: 27756219 PMCID: PMC5070194 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a critical signaling molecule in the low-temperature stress responses in plants, including polarized pollen tube growth in Camellia sinensis. Despite this, the potential mechanisms underlying the participation of NO in pollen tube responses to low temperature remain unclear. Here, we investigate alterations to gene expression in C. sinensis pollen tubes exposed to low-temperature stress and NO using RNA-Seq technology, in order to find the potential candidate genes related to the regulation of pollen tube elongation by NO under low-temperature stress. RESULTS Three libraries were generated from C. sinensis cv. 'Longjingchangye' pollen tubes cultured at 25 °C (CsPT-CK) and 4 °C (CsPT-LT) or with 25 μM DEA NONOate (CsPT-NO). The number of unigenes found for the three biological replications were 39,726, 40,440 and 41,626 for CsPT-CK; 36,993, 39,070 and 39,439 for CsPT-LT; and 39,514, 38,298 and 39,061 for CsPT-NO. A total of 36,097 unique assembled and annotated sequences from C. sinensis pollen tube reads were found in a BLAST search of the following databases: NCBI non-redundant nucleotide, Swiss-prot protein, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins, and Gene Ontology. The absolute values of log2Ratio > 1 and probability > 0.7 were used as the thresholds for significantly differential gene expression, and 766, 497 and 929 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found from the comparison analyses of the CK-VS-LT, CK-VS-NO and LT-VS-NO libraries, respectively. Genes related to metabolism and signaling pathways of plant hormones, transcription factors (TFs), vesicle polarized trafficking, cell wall biosynthesis, the ubiquitination machinery of the ubiquitin system and species-specific secondary metabolite pathways were mainly observed in the CK-VS-LT and CK-VS-NO libraries. CONCLUSION Differentially expressed unigenes related to the inhibition of C. sinensis pollen tube growth under low temperature and NO are identified in this study. The transcriptomic gene expression profiles present a valuable genomic tool to improve studying the molecular mechanisms underlying low-temperature tolerance in pollen tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Pan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Weidong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Dongqin Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zaifa Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Pinpin Chang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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