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Ichim MC, Scotti F, Booker A. Quality evaluation of commercial herbal products using chemical methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4219-4239. [PMID: 36315039 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2140120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Herbal products comprise a wide spectrum of locally, nationally or internationally commercialized commodities. As these products have an increasingly important position in healthcare systems worldwide, a detailed product quality assessment is of crucial importance. For the quality evaluation of commercial herbal products, a wide range of methods were used, from simpler, quicker, and cost-effective HPTLC, to hyphenated methods with MS or NMR, where more precise quantification or specific structural information is required. Additionally, most of the methods have been coupled with chemometric tools, such as PCA, or PDA, for the multivariate analysis of the high amount of data generated by chromatograms, electropherograms or spectra. The chemical methods have revealed the widespread presence of low or variable quality herbal products in the marketplace. The majority of analytical investigations present major, qualitative and quantitative, inter-product variations of their chemical composition, ranging from missing ingredients, to strikingly and unnaturally high concentrations of some compounds. Moreover, the inter-batch quality variations were frequently reported, as well as the presence of some undesirable substances. The chemical analysis of herbal products is a vital component to raise the overall awareness of quality in the herbal market and generate a quality driven approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihael Cristin Ichim
- "Stejarul" Research Centre for Biological Sciences, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Piatra Neamt, Romania
| | - Francesca Scotti
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Anthony Booker
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
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Recombinase polymerase amplification combined with fast DNA extraction for on–spot identification of Deinagkistrodon acutus, a threatened species. ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.32800/abc.2022.45.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses the use of recombinase polymerase amplification combined with fast DNA extraction for on–spot identification of Deinagkistrodon acutus, a snake species threatened
due to over–exploitation and habitat destruction. For its conservation, an efficient species identification method is urgently neededto fight against illegal capture and trade. Fourteen individuals representing 12 snake species (including D. acutus and other snake species) were collected from mountainous regions in Southern China. Genomic DNA was extracted within five minutes by a modified alkaline lysis method. Species–specific primers for recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) were designed based on the sequences of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode region, and an optimized RPA assay system was set up. Specificity and sensitivity of the assay were checked, and the assay was validated by identifying 10 commercial Qi She crude drug samples derived from D. acutus. Under optimized RPA conditions, a distinct single band of 354 bp was amplified only for D. acutus but not for the related snake species. The entire procedure can be completed in 30 min at room temperature. Commercial Qi She crude drug identification validated effectiveness of the established assay system. Using a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay with rapid DNA extraction, we established an on–spot D. acutus identification method with good specificity and sensitivity. This method could become an efficient tool for rigorous supervision of illegal D. acutus capture and trade.
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Alonso-Castro AJ, Ruiz-Padilla AJ, Ortiz-Cortes M, Carranza E, Ramírez-Morales MA, Escutia-Gutiérrez R, Ruiz-Noa Y, Zapata-Morales JR. Self-treatment and adverse reactions with herbal products for treating symptoms associated with anxiety and depression in adults from the central-western region of Mexico during the Covid-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 272:113952. [PMID: 33610705 PMCID: PMC9387533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE There are plant species used in the Mexican traditional medicine for the empirical treatment of anxiety and depression. AIM OF THE STUDY This work assessed the prevalence of self-medication with medicinal plants and the prevalence of the concomitant use of prescribed psychiatric drugs and medicinal plants for treating symptoms associated with anxiety and depression during the Covid-19 lockdown in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS The suspected adverse reactions associated with drug-herb interactions were assessed. The factors associated with self-medication, the concomitant use of herb-drug combinations, and the presence of adverse reactions due their combined use is also reported. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional using an online questionnaire conducted among population with symptoms associated with anxiety and depression (n = 2100) from seven states of central-western Mexico. RESULTS The prevalence of the use of herbs (61.9%) and the concomitant use of drug-herb combinations (25.3%) were associated with being diagnosed with mental illness [OR:2.195 (1.655-2.912)] and the use of psychiatric medications [OR:307.994 (178.609-531.107)], respectively. The presence of adverse reactions (n = 104) by the concomitant use of drug-herb combinations was associated with being unemployed [p = 0.004, OR: 3.017 (1.404-6.486)]. CONCLUSION Health professionals should be aware if their patients concomitantly use medicinal plants and psychiatric drugs. Public health campaigns should promote the possible adverse reactions that might produce the concomitant use of drug-herb combinations for mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Alan Joel Ruiz-Padilla
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Miriam Ortiz-Cortes
- Doctorado Interinstitucional en Arte y Cultura, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Eleazar Carranza
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Raymundo Escutia-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Yeniley Ruiz-Noa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Juan Ramon Zapata-Morales
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Study on Hybrid Characteristics of Medicinally Used Cultivated Codonopsis Species Using Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequencing. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071565. [PMID: 29958404 PMCID: PMC6099391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis taxa, as a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible plant, has found expanding domestic and foreign applications in recent decades. However, the poor management in germplasm resources market has inevitably caused an unnecessary hybrid of the provenances. In order to clarify the hybrid characteristics of germplasm resources in the main production area, the Codonopsis cultivars collected from the provinces Gansu, Shannxi, Shanxi, and Hubei of China were researched, using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence technology. The confirmation of additive nucleotides based on the ITS sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mixture was optimized and used to study the hybrid of Codonopsis cultivars. The results showed that when the ratio of PCR mixture increased up to 15 percent, the presence of a double peak in the sequencing electrophoresis map could be confirmed, suggesting the existence of additive nucleotides. According to the method above, 46 samples of Codonopsis cultivars collected during 2016 and 2017 were studied and compared with the samples collected from the year 2009 to 2010. All of the samples collected during 2016 and 2017 were hybridized and no genetic pure lines were found. In addition, the sites of variable base reduced greatly, concentrating at positions 122 and/or 226. These phenomena suggested that the genetic diversity of Codonopsis cultivars declined and the germplasm resources gradually converged. More attention should be paid to the reasonable exploitation and genetic breeding of Codonopsis taxa.
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Li J, Xiong C, He X, Lu Z, Zhang X, Chen X, Sun W. Using SSR-HRM to Identify Closely Related Species in Herbal Medicine Products: A Case Study on Licorice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:407. [PMID: 29740326 PMCID: PMC5928318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicines have played important roles in the ways of life of people around the world since ancient times. Despite the advanced medical technology of the modern world, herbal medicines are still used as popular alternatives to synthetic drugs. Due to the increasing demand for herbal medicines, plant species identification has become an important tool to prevent substitution and adulteration. Here we propose a method for biological assessment of the quality of prescribed species in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia by use of high resolution melting (HRM) analysis of microsatellite loci. We tested this method on licorice, a traditional herbal medicine with a long history. Results showed that nine simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers produced distinct melting curve profiles for the five licorice species investigated using HRM analysis. These results were validated by capillary electrophoresis. We applied this protocol to commercially available licorice products, thus enabling the consistent identification of 11 labels with non-declared Glycyrrhiza species. This novel strategy may thus facilitate DNA barcoding as a method of identification of closely related species in herbal medicine products. Based on this study, a brief operating procedure for using the SSR-HRM protocol for herbal authentication is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjian Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia He
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaocen Lu
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beifang University of Nationalities, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mishra P, Shukla AK, Sundaresan V. Candidate DNA Barcode Tags Combined With High Resolution Melting (Bar-HRM) Curve Analysis for Authentication of Senna alexandrina Mill. With Validation in Crude Drugs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:283. [PMID: 29593755 PMCID: PMC5859231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Senna alexandrina (Fabaceae) is a globally recognized medicinal plant for its laxative properties as well as the only source of sennosides, and is highly exported bulk herb from India. Its major procurement is exclusively from limited cultivation, which leads to risks of deliberate or unintended adulteration. The market raw materials are in powdered or finished product form, which lead to difficulties in authentication. Here, DNA barcode tags based on chloroplast genes (rbcL and matK) and intergenic spacers (psbA-trnH and ITS) were developed for S. alexandrina along with the allied species. The ability and performance of the ITS1 region to discriminate among the Senna species resulted in the present proposal of the ITS1 tags as successful barcode. Further, these tags were coupled with high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis in a real-time PCR genotyping method to derive Bar-HRM (Barcoding-HRM) assays. Suitable HRM primer sets were designed through SNP detection and mutation scanning in genomic signatures of Senna species. The melting profiles of S. alexandrina and S. italica subsp. micrantha were almost identical and the remaining five species were clearly separated so that they can be differentiated by HRM method. The sensitivity of the method was utilized to authenticate market samples [Herbal Sample Assays (HSAs)]. HSA01 (S. alexandrina crude drug sample from Bangalore) and HSA06 (S. alexandrina crude drug sample from Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India) were found to be highly contaminated with S. italica subsp. micrantha. Species admixture samples mixed in varying percentage was identified sensitively with detection of contamination as low as 1%. The melting profiles of PCR amplicons are clearly distinct, which enables the authentic differentiation of species by the HRM method. This study reveals that DNA barcoding coupled with HRM is an efficient molecular tool to authenticate Senna herbal products in the market for quality control in the drug supply chain. CIMAP Communication Number: CIMAP/PUB/2017/31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Mishra
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Ashutosh K. Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Velusamy Sundaresan
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Velusamy Sundaresan, ;
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Kim WJ, Yang S, Choi G, Moon BC. Peptide Nucleic Acid Based Molecular Authentication for Identification of Four Medicinal Paeonia Species Using Melting Array Analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Region. Molecules 2017; 22:E1922. [PMID: 29112146 PMCID: PMC6150393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate taxonomic identification of plant materials in herbal medicines is important for product quality control. The genus Paeonia (Saxifragales) is the source of the herbal preparations Paeoniae Radix (Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra) and Moutan Radicis Cotex. However, confusion has arisen regarding their contents due to linguistic and taxonomic ambiguities, similar morphologies and different definitions of Paeoniae Radix in the Korean and Chinese national pharmacopoeias, leading to the distribution of adulterated products. To develop a method for identifying the four Paeonia species used in these medicines, three fluorescently-labeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes were designed against ITS2 sequences containing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and used in a real-time PCR melting curve assay. Each of the four Paeonia species was accurately identified using this analysis. The accuracy and analytical stability of the PNA melting curve assay was confirmed using commercially available samples of the four Paeonia species. This assay is a reliable genetic tool to distinguish between different Paeonia-derived herbal medicines and identify the botanical origins of Paeoniae Radix and Moutan Radicis Cortex. This technique may also contribute to quality control and standardization of herbal medicines by providing a reliable authentication tool and preventing the distribution of inauthentic adulterants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Jin Kim
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Sungyu Yang
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Goya Choi
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
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