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Lee N, Shim JS, Kang MK, Kwon M. Insight from expression profiles of FT orthologs in plants: conserved photoperiodic transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1397714. [PMID: 38887456 PMCID: PMC11180818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1397714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Floral transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stages is precisely regulated by both environmental and endogenous signals. Among these signals, photoperiod is one of the most important environmental factors for onset of flowering. A florigen, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in Arabidopsis, has thought to be a major hub in the photoperiod-dependent flowering time regulation. Expression levels of FT likely correlates with potence of flowering. Under long days (LD), FT is mainly synthesized in leaves, and FT protein moves to shoot apical meristem (SAM) where it functions and in turns induces flowering. Recently, it has been reported that Arabidopsis grown under natural LD condition flowers earlier than that grown under laboratory LD condition, in which a red (R)/far-red (FR) ratio of light sources determines FT expression levels. Additionally, FT expression profile changes in response to combinatorial effects of FR light and photoperiod. FT orthologs exist in most of plants and functions are thought to be conserved. Although molecular mechanisms underlying photoperiodic transcriptional regulation of FT orthologs have been studied in several plants, such as rice, however, dynamics in expression profiles of FT orthologs have been less spotlighted. This review aims to revisit previously reported but overlooked expression information of FT orthologs from various plant species and classify these genes depending on the expression profiles. Plants, in general, could be classified into three groups depending on their photoperiodic flowering responses. Thus, we discuss relationship between photoperiodic responsiveness and expression of FT orthologs. Additionally, we also highlight the expression profiles of FT orthologs depending on their activities in flowering. Comparative analyses of diverse plant species will help to gain insight into molecular mechanisms for flowering in nature, and this can be utilized in the future for crop engineering to improve yield by controlling flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Lee
- Research Institute of Molecular Alchemy (RIMA), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Anti-aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhyuk Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), ABC-RLRC, RIMA, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Teng Z, Luo Y, Sun J, Li Y, Pearlstein DJ, Oehler MA, Fitzwater JD, Zhou B, Chang CY, Hassan MA, Chen P, Wang Q, Fonseca JM. Effect of Far-Red Light on Biomass Accumulation, Plant Morphology, and Phytonutrient Composition of Ruby Streaks Mustard at Microgreen, Baby Leaf, and Flowering Stages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9587-9598. [PMID: 38588384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Far-red (FR) light influences plant development significantly through shade avoidance response and photosynthetic modulation, but there is limited knowledge on how FR treatments influence the growth and nutrition of vegetables at different maturity stages in controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Here, we comprehensively investigated the impacts of FR on the yield, morphology, and phytonutrients of ruby streaks mustard (RS) at microgreen, baby leaf, and flowering stages. Treatments including white control, white with supplementary FR, white followed by singularly applied FR, and enhanced white (WE) matching the extended daily light integral (eDLI) of FR were designed for separating the effects of light intensity and quality. Results showed that singular and supplemental FR affected plant development and nutrition similarly throughout the growth cycle, with light intensity and quality playing varying roles at different stages. Specifically, FR did not affect the fresh and dry weight of microgreens but increased those values for baby leaves, although not as effectively as WE. Meanwhile, FR caused significant morphological change and accelerated the development of leaves, flowers, and seedpods more dramatically than WE. With regard to phytonutrients, light treatments affected the metabolomic profiles for baby leaves more dramatically than microgreens and flowers. FR decreased the glucosinolate and anthocyanin contents in microgreens and baby leaves, while WE increased the contents of those compounds in baby leaves. This study illustrates the complex impacts of FR on RS and provides valuable information for selecting optimal lighting conditions in CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Teng
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yaguang Luo
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Yanfang Li
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Daniel J Pearlstein
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Madison A Oehler
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - James D Fitzwater
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Christine Y Chang
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Muhammad Adeel Hassan
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jorge M Fonseca
- Food Quality Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Wu S, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Liu F, Hu W. Application of Multi-Omics Technologies to the Study of Phytochromes in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:99. [PMID: 38247523 PMCID: PMC10812741 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytochromes (phy) are distributed in various plant organs, and their physiological effects influence plant germination, flowering, fruiting, and senescence, as well as regulate morphogenesis throughout the plant life cycle. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a key regulatory factor in plant systemic responses to environmental stimuli, with an attractive regulatory relationship with phytochromes. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, omics techniques have become powerful tools, and researchers have used omics techniques to facilitate the big data revolution. For an in-depth analysis of phytochrome-mediated signaling pathways, integrated multi-omics (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) approaches may provide the answer from a global perspective. This article comprehensively elaborates on applying multi-omics techniques in studying phytochromes. We describe the current research status and future directions on transcriptome-, proteome-, and metabolome-related network components mediated by phytochromes when cells are subjected to various stimulation. We emphasize the importance of multi-omics technologies in exploring the effects of phytochromes on cells and their molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we provide methods and ideas for future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Wu
- Basic Medical Experiment Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (S.W.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.)
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Basic Medical Experiment Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (S.W.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- Basic Medical Experiment Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; (S.W.); (Y.G.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Fen Liu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Weiming Hu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China
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Van de Velde E, Steppe K, Van Labeke MC. Leaf morphology, optical characteristics and phytochemical traits of butterhead lettuce affected by increasing the far-red photon flux. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1129335. [PMID: 37600174 PMCID: PMC10433762 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1129335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Light and its spectral characteristics are crucial for plant growth and development. The far-red photon flux mediates many plant processes through the action of phytochrome and also accelerates the photosynthetic electron transfer rate. In this study, we assessed the effects of far-red addition on butterhead lettuce morphology, light use efficiency, optical properties, and phytochemical characteristics. Three-week-old lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Alyssa) were grown for up to 28 days under a 10% blue and 90% red light spectrum (200 µmol m-2 s-1, 16 h photoperiod) to which five different intensities of far-red light (peak at 735 nm) were added (0-9-18-36-72 µmol m-2 s-1). White light-emitting diodes were included as a proxy for sunlight. Increasing supplemental far-red photon flux from zero to 21% increased the light use efficiency (g per mol) by 37% on day 14; 43% on day 21; and 39% on day 28. Measurements of projected head area suggest that this was associated with an increase in leaf expansion and photon capture and not necessarily a direct effect on photosynthesis. Moreover, vegetation indices based on leaf reflectance showed a decrease in chlorophyll-related indices under a high far-red photon flux. This decrease in pigment content was confirmed by chemical analyses, suggesting that the plants may not reach their full potential in terms of photon capture, limiting the overall photosynthetic performance. Furthermore, the stress-related Carter 1 index increased in plants grown under a high far-red photon flux, indicating early plant stress. Far-red tended to decrease the content of total phenolics and increase soluble sugars. The higher sugar levels can be attributed to an improved photochemical efficiency due to photosystem I excitation by far-red wavelengths, also known as the Emerson Enhancement effect. Despite these higher sugar levels, no effect on foliar nitrate content was observed. Our results show that far-red supplementation has the potential to enhance light interception at the early growth stages, although higher intensities of far-red may cause plant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Van de Velde
- Horticultural Sciences, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Van Labeke
- Horticultural Sciences, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Rajpal VR, Singh A, Kathpalia R, Thakur RK, Khan MK, Pandey A, Hamurcu M, Raina SN. The Prospects of gene introgression from crop wild relatives into cultivated lentil for climate change mitigation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1127239. [PMID: 36998696 PMCID: PMC10044020 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1127239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Crop wild relatives (CWRs), landraces and exotic germplasm are important sources of genetic variability, alien alleles, and useful crop traits that can help mitigate a plethora of abiotic and biotic stresses and crop yield reduction arising due to global climatic changes. In the pulse crop genus Lens, the cultivated varieties have a narrow genetic base due to recurrent selections, genetic bottleneck and linkage drag. The collection and characterization of wild Lens germplasm resources have offered new avenues for the genetic improvement and development of stress-tolerant, climate-resilient lentil varieties with sustainable yield gains to meet future food and nutritional requirements. Most of the lentil breeding traits such as high-yield, adaptation to abiotic stresses and resistance to diseases are quantitative and require the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for marker assisted selection and breeding. Advances in genetic diversity studies, genome mapping and advanced high-throughput sequencing technologies have helped identify many stress-responsive adaptive genes, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and other useful crop traits in the CWRs. The recent integration of genomics technologies with plant breeding has resulted in the generation of dense genomic linkage maps, massive global genotyping, large transcriptomic datasets, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that have advanced lentil genomic research substantially and allowed for the identification of QTLs for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and breeding. Assembly of lentil and its wild species genomes (~4Gbp) opens up newer possibilities for understanding genomic architecture and evolution of this important legume crop. This review highlights the recent strides in the characterization of wild genetic resources for useful alleles, development of high-density genetic maps, high-resolution QTL mapping, genome-wide studies, MAS, genomic selections, new databases and genome assemblies in traditionally bred genus Lens for future crop improvement amidst the impending global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Apekshita Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, U.P., India
| | - Renu Kathpalia
- Department of Botany, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kr. Thakur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, U.P., India
| | - Mohd. Kamran Khan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Anamika Pandey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Hamurcu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, U.P., India
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Yuan HY, Caron CT, Vandenberg A, Bett KE. RNA-Seq and Gene Ontology Analysis Reveal Differences Associated With Low R/FR-Induced Shade Responses in Cultivated Lentil and a Wild Relative. Front Genet 2022; 13:891702. [PMID: 35795209 PMCID: PMC9251359 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.891702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentil is an important pulse crop not only because of its high nutrient value but also because of its ecological advantage in a sustainable agricultural system. Our previous work showed that the cultivated lentil and wild lentil germplasm respond differently to light environments, especially to low R/FR-induced shade conditions. Little is known about how cultivated and wild lentils respond to shade at the level of gene expression and function. In this study, transcriptomic profiling of a cultivated lentil (Lupa, L. culinaris) and a wild lentil (BGE 016880, L. orientalis) at several growth stages is presented. De novo transcriptomes were assembled for both genotypes, and differential gene expression analysis and gene ontology enrichment analysis were performed. The transcriptomic resources generated in this study provide fundamental information regarding biological processes and genes associated with shade responses in lentils. BGE 016880 and Lupa shared a high similarity in their transcriptomes; however, differential gene expression profiles were not consistent between these two genotypes. The wild lentil BGE 016880 had more differentially expressed genes than the cultivated lentil Lupa. Upregulation of genes involved in gibberellin, brassinosteroid, and auxin synthesis and signaling pathways, as well as cell wall modification, in both genotypes explains their similarity in stem elongation response under the shade. Genes involved in jasmonic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were downregulated in BGE 016880 only, and biological processes involved in defense responses were significantly enriched in the wild lentil BGE 016880 only. Downregulation of WRKY and MYB transcription factors could contribute to the reduced defense response in BGE 016880 but not in Lupa under shade conditions. A better understanding of shade responses of pulse crop species and their wild relatives will play an important role in developing genetic strategies for crop improvement in response to changes in light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ying Yuan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Carolyn T. Caron
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kirstin E. Bett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Kirstin E. Bett,
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Satellite-based estimates of photosynthetically active radiation for tropical ecosystems in Ghana—West Africa. Trop Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-022-00234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yuan HY, Caron CT, Ramsay L, Fratini R, de la Vega MP, Vandenberg A, Weller JL, Bett KE. Genetic and gene expression analysis of flowering time regulation by light quality in lentil. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:481-496. [PMID: 34185828 PMCID: PMC8414921 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Flowering time is important due to its roles in plant adaptation to different environments and subsequent formation of crop yield. Changes in light quality affect a range of developmental processes including flowering time, but little is known about light quality-induced flowering time control in lentil. This study aims to investigate the genetic basis for differences in flowering response to light quality in lentil. METHODS We explored variation in flowering time caused by changes in red/far-red-related light quality environments of a lentil interspecific recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross between Lens culinaris cv. Lupa and L. orientalis accession BGE 016880. A genetic linkage map was constructed and then used for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with flowering time regulation under different light quality environments. Differential gene expression analysis through transcriptomic study and RT-qPCR were used to identify potential candidate genes. KEY RESULTS QTL mapping located 13 QTLs controlling flower time under different light quality environments, with phenotypic variance explained ranging from 1.7 to 62.9 %. Transcriptomic profiling and gene expression analysis for both parents of this interspecific RIL population identified flowering-related genes showing environment-specific differential expression (flowering DEGs). One of these, a member of the florigen gene family FTa1 (LcFTa1), was located close to three major QTLs. Furthermore, gene expression results suggested that two other florigen genes (LcFTb1 and LcFTb2), MADS-box transcription factors such as LcAGL6/13d, LcSVPb, LcSOC1b and LcFULb, as well as bHLH transcription factor LcPIF6 and Gibberellin 20 oxidase LcGA20oxC,G may also be involved in the light quality response. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that a major component of flowering time sensitivity to light quality is tightly linked to LcFTa1 and associated with changes in its expression. This work provides a foundation for crop improvement of lentil with better adaptation to variable light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ying Yuan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Carolyn T Caron
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Larissa Ramsay
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Richard Fratini
- Area de Genética, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - James L Weller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kirstin E Bett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Ji Y, Nuñez Ocaña D, Choe D, Larsen DH, Marcelis LFM, Heuvelink E. Far-red radiation stimulates dry mass partitioning to fruits by increasing fruit sink strength in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1914-1925. [PMID: 32654143 PMCID: PMC7754386 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Far-red (FR) light promotes fruit growth by increasing dry mass partitioning to fruits, but the mechanism behind this is unknown. We hypothesise that it is due to an increased fruit sink strength as FR radiation enhances sugar transportation and metabolism. Tomato plants were grown with or without 50-80 μmol m-2 s-1 of FR radiation added to a common background 150-170 μmol m-2 s-1 red + blue light-emitting diode lighting. Potential fruit growth, achieved by pruning each truss to one remaining fruit, was measured to quantify fruit sink strength. Model simulation was conducted to test whether the measured fruit sink strength quantitatively explained the FR effect on dry mass partitioning. Starch, sucrose, fructose and glucose content were measured. Expression levels of key genes involved in sugar transportation and metabolism were determined. FR radiation increased fruit sink strength by 38%, which, in model simulation, led to an increased dry mass partitioned to fruits that quantitatively agreed very well with measured partitioning. FR radiation increased fruit sugar concentration and upregulated the expression of genes associated with both sugar transportation and metabolism. This is the first study to demonstrate that FR radiation stimulates dry mass partitioning to fruits mainly by increasing fruit sink strength via simultaneous upregulation of sugar transportation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongran Ji
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
| | - Diego Nuñez Ocaña
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
| | - Daegeun Choe
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
| | - Dorthe H. Larsen
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
| | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
| | - Ep Heuvelink
- Horticulture and Product PhysiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 16Wageningen6700AAthe Netherlands
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Yang F, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Feng L, Wu X, Fan Y, Raza MA, Wang X, Yong T, Liu W, Liu J, Du J, Shu K, Yang W. Low red/far-red ratio as a signal promotes carbon assimilation of soybean seedlings by increasing the photosynthetic capacity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:148. [PMID: 32268881 PMCID: PMC7140557 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shading includes low light intensity and varying quality. However, a low red/far-red (R/Fr) ratio of light is a signal that affects plant growth in intercropping and close- planting systems. Thus, the low R/Fr ratio uncoupling from shading conditions was assessed to identify the effect of light quality on photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation. Soybean plants were grown in a growth chamber with natural solar radiation under four treatments, that is, normal (N, sunlight), N + Fr, Low (L) + Fr, and L light. RESULTS Low R/Fr ratio significantly increased the total biomass, leaf area, starch and sucrose contents, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and quantum efficiency of the photosystem II compared with normal R/Fr ratio under the same light level (P < 0.05). Proteomic analysis of soybean leaves under different treatments was performed to quantify the changes in photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation in the chloroplast. Among the 7834 proteins quantified, 12 showed a > 1.3-fold change in abundance, of which 1 was related to porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, 2 were involved in photosystem I (PS I), 4 were associated with PS II, 3 proteins participated in photosynthetic electron transport, and 2 were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. The dynamic change in these proteins indicates that photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation were maintained in the L treatment by up-regulating the component protein levels compared with those in N treatment. Although low R/Fr ratio increased the photosynthetic CO2 assimilation parameters, the differences in most protein expression levels in N + Fr and L + Fr treatments compared with those in N treatment were insignificant. Similar trends were found in gene expression through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction excluding the gene expression of sucrose synthase possible because light environment is one of the factors affecting carbon assimilation. CONCLUSIONS Low R/Fr ratio (high Fr light) can increase the photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in the same light intensity by improving the photosynthetic efficiency of the photosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinlin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajiao Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Fan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junbo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Shu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
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Lorenzo CD, Alonso Iserte J, Sanchez Lamas M, Antonietti MS, Garcia Gagliardi P, Hernando CE, Dezar CAA, Vazquez M, Casal JJ, Yanovsky MJ, Cerdán PD. Shade delays flowering in Medicago sativa. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:7-22. [PMID: 30924988 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Shade-intolerant plants respond to the decrease in the red (R) to far-red (FR) light ratio (R:FR) occurring under shade by elongating stems and petioles and by re-positioning leaves, in a race to outcompete neighbors for the sunlight resource. In some annual species, the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is accompanied by the early induction of flowering. Anticipated flowering is viewed as a strategy to set seeds before the resources become severely limiting. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of SAS in perennial forage crops like alfalfa (Medicago sativa). To study SAS in alfalfa, we exposed alfalfa plants to simulated shade by supplementing with FR light. Low R:FR light produced a classical SAS, with increased internode and petiole lengths, but unexpectedly also with delayed flowering. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in uncoupling SAS from early flowering, we used a transcriptomic approach. The SAS is likely to be mediated by increased expression of msPIF3 and msHB2 in low R:FR light. Constitutive expression of these genes in Arabidopsis led to SAS, including early flowering, strongly suggesting that their roles are conserved. Delayed flowering was likely to be mediated by the downregulation of msSPL3, which promotes flowering in both Arabidopsis and alfalfa. Shade-delayed flowering in alfalfa may be important to extend the vegetative phase under suboptimal light conditions, and thus assure the accumulation of reserves necessary to resume growth after the next season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Lorenzo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Alonso Iserte
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Sanchez Lamas
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Sofia Antonietti
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Garcia Gagliardi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos E Hernando
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Alberto A Dezar
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario (INDEAR), CONICET, S2000EZP, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Martin Vazquez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario (INDEAR), CONICET, S2000EZP, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Jorge J Casal
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo J Yanovsky
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Cerdán
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gorim LY, Vandenberg A. Root Traits, Nodulation and Root Distribution in Soil for Five Wild Lentil Species and Lens culinaris (Medik.) Grown under Well-Watered Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1632. [PMID: 28993782 PMCID: PMC5622593 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The efficient use of resources such as water and nutrients by plants is increasingly important as the world population food demand continues to grow. With the increased production of lentil in the temperate zones of North America, improvement in yield needs to be maintained. The use of wild lentil genotypes as sources of genetic diversity for introgression into cultivated lentil is an important breeding strategy, but little is known about their root systems. We evaluated the root systems of five wild lentil species and Lens culinaris under fully watered conditions. Plants were grown in 60 cm tubes containing equal volumes of soil collected from the reconstructed A, B, and C horizons. Significant differences were observed for root traits and fine root distribution between and within species and the proportion of root biomass partitioned into each soil layer was unique for each genotype. We also observed variability in nodule number and nodule shape within and between genotypes. Some genotypes more efficiently used water for either biomass or seed production. The allocation of resources to seed production also varied between genotypes. These observations could have impact on the design of future lentil breeding in the context of strategies for managing changes in rainfall amount and distribution for lentil production ecosystems.
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Gorim LY, Vandenberg A. Evaluation of Wild Lentil Species as Genetic Resources to Improve Drought Tolerance in Cultivated Lentil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1129. [PMID: 28706524 PMCID: PMC5489631 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly unpredictable annual rainfall amounts and distribution patterns have far reaching implications for pulse crop biology. Seedling and whole plant survival will be affected given that water is a key factor in plant photosynthesis and also influences the evolving disease spectrum that affects crops. The wild relatives of cultivated lentil are native to drought prone areas, making them good candidates for the evaluation of drought tolerance traits. We evaluated root and shoot traits of genotypes of cultivated lentil and five wild species grown under two water deficit regimes as well as fully watered conditions over a 13 week period indoors. Plants were grown in sectioned polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes containing field soil from the A, B, and C horizons. We found that root distribution into different soil horizons varied among wild lentil genotypes. Secondly, wild lentil genotypes employed diverse strategies such as delayed flowering, reduced transpiration rates, reduced plant height, and deep root systems to either escape, evade or tolerate drought conditions. In some cases, more than one drought strategy was observed within the same genotype. Sequence based classification of wild and cultivated genotypes did not explain patterns of drought response. The environmental conditions at their centers of origin may explain the patterns of drought strategies observed in wild lentils. The production of numerous small seeds by wild lentil genotypes may have implications for yield improvement in lentil breeding programs.
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