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Miao J, Shi F, Li W, Zhong M, Li C, Chen S. Comprehensive screening of low nitrogen tolerant maize based on multiple traits at the seedling stage. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14218. [PMID: 36275463 PMCID: PMC9586120 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plants tolerant to low nitrogen are a quantitative trait affected by many factors, and the different parameters were used for stress-tolerant plant screening in different investigations. But there is no agreement on the use of these indicators. Therefore, a method that can integrate different parameters to evaluate stress tolerance is urgently needed. Methods Six maize genotypes were subject to low nitrogen stress for twenty days. Then seventeen traits of the six maize genotypes related to nitrogen were investigated. Nitrogen tolerance coefficient (NTC) was calculated as low nitrogen traits to high nitrogen traits. Then principal component analysis was conducted based on the NTC. Based on fuzzy mathematics theory, a D value (decimal comprehensive evaluation value) was introduced to evaluate maize tolerant to low nitrogen. Results Three maize (SY998, GEMS42-I and GEMS42-II) with the higher D value have better growth and higher nitrogen accumulation under low nitrogen conditions. In contrast, Ji846 with the lowest D value has the lowest nitrogen accumulation and biomass in response to nitrogen limitation. These results indicated that the D value could help to screen low nitrogen tolerant maize, given that the D value was positively correlated with low nitrogen tolerance in maize seedlings. Conclusions The present study introduced the D value to evaluate stress tolerance. The higher the D value, the greater tolerance of maize to low nitrogen stress. This method may reduce the complexity of the investigated traits and enhance the accuracy of stress-tolerant evaluation. In addition, this method not only can screen potentially tolerant germplasm for low-nitrogen tolerance quickly, but also can comprise the correlated traits as many as possible to avoid the one-sidedness of a single parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjia Miao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fei Shi
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuisen Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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2
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Li Q, Ren Y, Fu H, Li Z, Kong F, Yuan J. Cultivar differences in carbon and nitrogen accumulation, balance, and grain yield in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992041. [PMID: 36161002 PMCID: PMC9502009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The balance of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism influences plant growth and development as well as yield. A two-year field experiment was conducted in a hilly region in southwest China in 2019-2020 to investigate the correlation between the accumulation and balance of C and N, as well as the grain yield of maize cultivars with contrasting N efficiencies. Using Zhenghong 311 (ZH 311) and Xianyu 508 (XY 508) as research sources, the differences in C and N accumulation and balance in maize cultivars with contrasting N efficiencies were compared to analyze the correlation between the accumulation and balance of C and N with grain yield. According to the results, the ZH 311 cultivar had higher C and N accumulation in each stage and grain yield than the XY 508 cultivar, while the C/N ratio in each stage and organ was significantly lower in ZH 311 than in XY 508, with the greatest difference occurring in the silking stage and leaf, indicating that the N-efficient cultivar ZH 311 had evident advantages in accumulation and balance of C and N and grain yield than the N-inefficient cultivar XY 508. Moreover, the C and N accumulation and grain yield increased significantly with N application, while the C/N ratio in each stage and organ decreased significantly with N application, but the differences between ZH 311 and XY 508 increased first and then decreased with the increase of N level, the optimum N level when obtaining the highest grain yield of ZH 311 (273.21 kg ha-1) was significantly lower than that of XY 508 (355.88 kg ha-1). Furthermore, grain yield was positively correlated with C (R 2 = 0.9251) and N (R 2 = 0.9033) accumulation, affected by pre-anthesis N (R 2 = 0.9198) and post-anthesis C (R 2 = 0.8632) accumulation, and negatively correlated with the C/N ratio (R 2 = 0.7664), with the highest correlation between grain yield and the C/N ratio in silking stage (R 2 = 0.7984) and leaf (R 2 = 0.7616). In conclusion, the N-efficient cultivar ZH 311 could better coordinate the C and N balance of the plant, especially the C and N balance in the silking stage and leaf, promote photosynthetic product storage and transport, prolong the leaf function period, and make the pre-anthesis and post-anthesis C and N accumulation of ZH 311 significantly higher than those of XY 508, allowing higher grain yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhexin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Fanlei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Jichao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
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Revealing the differential protein profiles behind the nitrogen use efficiency in popcorn (Zea mays var. everta). Sci Rep 2022; 12:1521. [PMID: 35087128 PMCID: PMC8795358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the proteomic profiles of two popcorn inbred lines, P2 (N-efficient and N-responsive) and L80 (N-inefficient and nonresponsive to N), under low (10% of N supply) and high (100% of N supply) nitrogen environments, associated with agronomic- and physiological-related traits to NUE. The comparative proteomic analysis allowed the identification of 79 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in the comparison of high/low N for P2 and 96 DAPs in the comparison of high/low N for L80. The NUE and N uptake efficiency (NUpE) presented high means in P2 in comparison to L80 at both N levels, but the NUE, NUpE, and N utilization efficiency (NUtE) rates decreased in P2 under a high N supply. DAPs involved in energy and carbohydrate metabolism suggested that N regulates enzymes of alternative pathways to adapt to energy shortages and that fructose-bisphosphate aldolase may act as one of the key primary nitrate responsive proteins in P2. Proteins related to ascorbate biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism increased their regulation in P2, and the interaction of l-ascorbate peroxidase and Fd-NiR may play an important role in the NUE trait. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the proteomic changes taking place in contrasting inbred lines, providing useful information on the genetic improvement of NUE in popcorn.
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Shah AN, Javed T, Singhal RK, Shabbir R, Wang D, Hussain S, Anuragi H, Jinger D, Pandey H, Abdelsalam NR, Ghareeb RY, Jaremko M. Nitrogen use efficiency in cotton: Challenges and opportunities against environmental constraints. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:970339. [PMID: 36072312 PMCID: PMC9443504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.970339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is a vital nutrient for agricultural, and a defieciency of it causes stagnate cotton growth and yield penalty. Farmers rely heavily on N over-application to boost cotton output, which can result in decreased lint yield, quality, and N use efficiency (NUE). Therefore, improving NUE in cotton is most crucial for reducing environmental nitrate pollution and increasing farm profitability. Well-defined management practices, such as the type of sources, N-rate, application time, application method, crop growth stages, and genotypes, have a notable impact on NUE. Different N formulations, such as slow and controlled released fertilizers, have been shown to improve N uptake and, NUE. Increasing N rates are said to boost cotton yield, although high rates may potentially impair the yield depending on the soil and environmental conditions. This study comprehensively reviews various factors including agronomic and environmental constraints that influence N uptake, transport, accumulation, and ultimately NUE in cotton. Furthermore, we explore several agronomic and molecular approaches to enhance efficiency for better N uptake and utilization in cotton. Finally, this objective of this review to highlight a comprehensive view on enhancement of NUE in cotton and could be useful for understanding the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanism of N in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Adnan Noor Shah,
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Rubab Shabbir
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Depeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
- Depeng Wang,
| | - Sadam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hirdayesh Anuragi
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Jinger
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab Y. Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Science Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Construction of a critical nitrogen dilution curve for maize in Southwest China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13084. [PMID: 32753694 PMCID: PMC7403409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for suitable nitrogen nutrition models for Southwest China, which take into account nutritional differences at the cultivar level, to provide scientific guidance for cultivar-specific fertilizer applications during maize production. In this study, the nitrogen-efficient maize cultivar Zhenghong 311 and the nitrogen-inefficient maize cultivar Xianyu 508 were used in a three-year field experiment and a 2-year field pot experiment with nitrogen application rates ranging from 0 to 450 kg·hm-2 to construct a critical nitrogen dilution curve model for each maize cultivar. The usefulness of this model to diagnose nitrogen status and evaluate maize fertilization needs was subsequently analyzed. We found that the critical nitrogen concentration in maize aboveground tissues was a power function of the biomass, described by the equations Nc = 26.126 W-0.292 and Nc = 25.826 W-0.302 for ZH 311 and XY 508 cultivars, respectively. The fitting degree of these equations was significant or highly significant, demonstrating the suitability of these models to diagnose N deficiency and fertilization needs in maize plants grown in the hilly areas of central Sichuan. A very significant linear positive correlation between the nitrogen nutrient index (NNI) and nitrogen concentration in the aboveground tissues was detected. Based on this, we calculated the nitrogen concentration (Nt) for an NNI equal to 1 at different maize growth stages in both cultivars and observed that the Nt value can be used as a reference index for nitrogen nutrition diagnosis. Additionally, we found a highly significant quadratic convex function relationship between the NNI (y) and the nitrogen fertilizer level (x). The following regression equations were derived for these maize cultivars with the data obtained from each growth period along five consecutive years (2011-2015): yZH 311 = - 0.000005x2 + 0.003074x + 0.553206 (R2 = 0.5432**) and yXY 508 = - 0.000004x2 + 0.002914x + 0.512555 (R2 = 0.6279**). For an NNI value equal to 1, the nitrogen application level required was 224.07 kg·hm-2 for ZH 311 and 283.01 kg·hm-2 for XY 508, indicating that the suitable application rate for the nitrogen-efficient cultivar is lower than that for the nitrogen-inefficient cultivar. Our experimental data reinforce the concept that selecting nitrogen-efficient maize cultivars is an effective technical measure to reduce nitrogen input needs and increase nitrogen use efficiency during maize production.
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Wu Y, Zhao B, Li Q, Kong F, Du L, Zhou F, Shi H, Ke Y, Liu Q, Feng D, Yuan J. Non-structural carbohydrates in maize with different nitrogen tolerance are affected by nitrogen addition. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225753. [PMID: 31805168 PMCID: PMC6894874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are an important energy source for plant growth and metabolism. Analysis of NSC changes can provide important clues to reveal the adaptation mechanisms of plants to a specific environment. Although considerable differences have been reported in NSCs in response to nitrogen (N) application among crop species and cultivars, previous studies have mostly focused on the differences in leaves and stems. However, the effects of N on the characteristics of accumulation and translocation of NSC in maize with different levels of N tolerance remain unclear. To determine differences in the N levels, two cultivars (N-efficient ZH311 and N-inefficient XY508) were grown in field pots (Experiment I) and as hydroponic cultures (Experiment II) and were supplemented with different concentrations of N fertilizer. In both experiments, low-N stress significantly increased the accumulation of NSCs in maize vegetative organs and increased the translocation rate of NSCs in the stems and their apparent contribution to yield, thereby reducing the yield loss caused by low-N stress. N application had a greater effect on starch content in the vegetative organs of ZH311, but had less effect on soluble sugar (SS) and NSC content in the whole plant and starch content in the ears. ZH311 could convert more starch into SS under low N conditions to adapt to low N environments than XY508, while ensuring that grain yield and starch quantity were not affected. This is evidently an important physiological mechanism involved in this cultivar's tolerance to low N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fanlei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lunjing Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Haichun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yongpei Ke
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qinlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Dongju Feng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jichao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, P.R. China
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7
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Su W, Kamran M, Xie J, Meng X, Han Q, Liu T, Han J. Shoot and root traits of summer maize hybrid varieties with higher grain yields and higher nitrogen use efficiency at low nitrogen application rates. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7294. [PMID: 31341742 PMCID: PMC6637931 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding high-yielding and nitrogen-efficient maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid varieties is a strategy that could simultaneously solve the problems of resource shortages and environmental pollution. We conducted a 2-year field study using four nitrogen application rates (0, 150, 225, and 300 kg N hm-2) and two maize hybrid varieties (ZD958 and QS101) to understand the plant traits related to high grain yields and high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). We found that ZD958 had a higher grain yield and nitrogen accumulation in the shoots at harvest as well as a higher NUE at lower nitrogen application rates (0 and 150 kg hm-2) than QS101. The grain yields and NUE were almost identical for the two hybrid varieties at nitrogen application rates of 225 and 300 kg N hm-2. Compared with QS101, ZD958 had higher above-ground and below-ground biomass amounts, a deeper root distribution, longer root length, root active absorption area, greater grain filling rate, and higher photosynthetic NUE than QS101 at lower nitrogen application rates. Our results showed that ZD958 can maintain a higher grain yield at lower nitrogen rates in a similar manner to N-efficient maize hybrid varieties. The selection of hybrids such as ZD958 with a deeper root distribution and higher photosynthetic NUE can increase the grain yield and NUE under low nitrogen conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennan Su
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture / College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiangping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture / College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qingfang Han
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture / College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tiening Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture / College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juan Han
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in North-western Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture / College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, Ministry of Education / Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Vicente R, Vergara-Díaz O, Kerfal S, López A, Melichar J, Bort J, Serret MD, Araus JL, Kefauver SC. Identification of traits associated with barley yield performance using contrasting nitrogen fertilizations and genotypes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 282:83-94. [PMID: 31003614 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been paid to understanding the traits associated with crop performance and the associated underlying physiological mechanisms, with less effort done towards combining different plant scales, levels of observation, or including hybrids of autogamous species. We aim to identify mechanisms at canopy, leaf and transcript levels contributing to crop performance under contrasting nitrogen supplies in three barley genotypes, two hybrids and one commercial line. High nitrogen fertilization did not affect photosynthetic capacity on a leaf area basis and lowered nitrogen partial factor productivity past a certain point, but increased leaf area and biomass accumulation, parameters that were closely tracked using various different high throughput remote sensing based phenotyping techniques. These aspects, together with a larger catabolism of leaf nitrogen compounds amenable to sink translocation, contributed to higher crop production. Better crop yield and growth in hybrids compared to the line was linked to a nitrogen-saving strategy in source leaves to the detriment of larger sink size, as indicated by the lower leaf nitrogen content and downregulation of nitrogen metabolism and aquaporin genes. While these changes did not reduce photosynthesis capacity on an area basis, they were related with better nitrogen use in the hybrids compared with the line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Vicente
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Omar Vergara-Díaz
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Samir Kerfal
- Syngenta España, S.A.U., Calle de la Ribera del Loira 8-10, 28042 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio López
- Syngenta España, S.A.U., Calle de la Ribera del Loira 8-10, 28042 Madrid, Spain.
| | - James Melichar
- Syngenta U.K., Hill Farm Road, Whittlesford, Cambridge, CB22 4QT, United Kingdom.
| | - Jordi Bort
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Serret
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - José Luis Araus
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Shawn C Kefauver
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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