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Qin H, King GJ, Borpatragohain P, Zou J. Developing multifunctional crops by engineering Brassicaceae glucosinolate pathways. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023:100565. [PMID: 36823985 PMCID: PMC10363516 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs), found mainly in species of the Brassicaceae family, are one of the most well-studied classes of secondary metabolites. Produced by the action of myrosinase on GSLs, GSL-derived hydrolysis products (GHPs) primarily defend against biotic stress in planta. They also significantly affect the quality of crop products, with a subset of GHPs contributing unique food flavors and multiple therapeutic benefits or causing disagreeable food odors and health risks. Here, we explore the potential of these bioactive functions, which could be exploited for future sustainable agriculture. We first summarize our accumulated understanding of GSL diversity and distribution across representative Brassicaceae species. We then systematically discuss and evaluate the potential of exploited and unutilized genes involved in GSL biosynthesis, transport, and hydrolysis as candidate GSL engineering targets. Benefiting from available information on GSL and GHP functions, we explore options for multifunctional Brassicaceae crop ideotypes to meet future demand for food diversification and sustainable crop production. An integrated roadmap is subsequently proposed to guide ideotype development, in which maximization of beneficial effects and minimization of detrimental effects of GHPs could be combined and associated with various end uses. Based on several use-case examples, we discuss advantages and limitations of available biotechnological approaches that may contribute to effective deployment and could provide novel insights for optimization of future GSL engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jun Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Wu J, Liang J, Lin R, Cai X, Zhang L, Guo X, Wang T, Chen H, Wang X. Investigation of Brassica and its relative genomes in the post-genomics era. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac182. [PMID: 36338847 PMCID: PMC9627752 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Brassicaceae family includes many economically important crop species, as well as cosmopolitan agricultural weed species. In addition, Arabidopsis thaliana, a member of this family, is used as a molecular model plant species. The genus Brassica is mesopolyploid, and the genus comprises comparatively recently originated tetrapolyploid species. With these characteristics, Brassicas have achieved the commonly accepted status of model organisms for genomic studies. This paper reviews the rapid research progress in the Brassicaceae family from diverse omics studies, including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and three-dimensional (3D) genomics, with a focus on cultivated crops. The morphological plasticity of Brassicaceae crops is largely due to their highly variable genomes. The origin of several important Brassicaceae crops has been established. Genes or loci domesticated or contributing to important traits are summarized. Epigenetic alterations and 3D structures have been found to play roles in subgenome dominance, either in tetraploid Brassica species or their diploid ancestors. Based on this progress, we propose future directions and prospects for the genomic investigation of Brassicaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xu Cai
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xinlei Guo
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Tianpeng Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Haixu Chen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
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Alrifai O, Mats L, Liu R, Hao X, Marcone MF, Tsao R. Effect of combined light-emitting diodes on the accumulation of glucosinolates in Brassica microgreens. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-021-00072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAs of recent, microgreen vegetable production in controlled environments are being investigated for their bioactive properties. Phytochemicals like glucosinolates (GLS) are highly sensitive to varying spectral qualities of light, especially in leafy greens of Brassica where the responses are highly species-dependent. The accumulation of bioactive GLS were studied under 8 different treatments of combined amber (590 nm), blue (455 nm), and red (655 nm) light-emitting diodes (rbaLED). A semi-targeted metabolomics approach was carried out to profile common intact-GLS in microgreen extracts of Brassica by means of LC-HRMS/MS. Thirteen GLS were identified, among them were 8 aliphatic, 4 indolic and 1 aromatic GLS. Mass spectrometry data showed sinigrin had the highest average concentration and was highest in B. juncea, progoitrin was highest in B. rapa and glucobrassicin in R. sativus. The individual and total GLS in the microgreens of the present study were largely different under rbaLED; B. rapa microgreens contained the highest profile of total GLS, followed by R. sativus and B. juncea. Sinigrin was increased and gluconasturtiin was decreased under rbaLED lighting in most microgreens, glucoalyssin uniquely increased in R. sativus and decreased in B. rapa and glucobrassicin uniquely decreased in both B. rapa and B. juncea. The present study showed that rbaLED contributed to the altered profiles of GLS resulting in their significant modulation. Optimizing the light spectrum for improved GLS biosynthesis could lead to production of microgreens with targeted health-promoting properties.
Graphical Abstract
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Soundararajan P, Park SG, Won SY, Moon MS, Park HW, Ku KM, Kim JS. Influence of Genotype on High Glucosinolate Synthesis Lines of Brassica rapa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147301. [PMID: 34298919 PMCID: PMC8305852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate doubled haploid (DH) lines produced between high GSL (HGSL) Brassica rapa ssp. trilocularis (yellow sarson) and low GSL (LGSL) B. rapa ssp. chinensis (pak choi) parents. In total, 161 DH lines were generated. GSL content of HGSL DH lines ranged from 44.12 to 57.04 μmol·g−1·dry weight (dw), which is within the level of high GSL B. rapa ssp. trilocularis (47.46 to 59.56 μmol g−1 dw). We resequenced five of the HGSL DH lines and three of the LGSL DH lines. Recombination blocks were formed between the parental and DH lines with 108,328 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in all chromosomes. In the measured GSL, gluconapin occurred as the major substrate in HGSL DH lines. Among the HGSL DH lines, BrYSP_DH005 had glucoraphanin levels approximately 12-fold higher than those of the HGSL mother plant. The hydrolysis capacity of GSL was analyzed in HGSL DH lines with a Korean pak choi cultivar as a control. Bioactive compounds, such as 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate, 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate, and sulforaphane, were present in the HGSL DH lines at 3-fold to 6.3-fold higher levels compared to the commercial cultivar. The selected HGSL DH lines, resequencing data, and SNP identification were utilized for genome-assisted selection to develop elite GSL-enriched cultivars and the industrial production of potential anti-cancerous metabolites such as gluconapin and glucoraphanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakaran Soundararajan
- Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (P.S.); (S.Y.W.); (M.-S.M.); (H.W.P.)
| | - Sin-Gi Park
- Bioinformatics Team of Theragen Etex Institute, Suwon 16229, Korea;
| | - So Youn Won
- Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (P.S.); (S.Y.W.); (M.-S.M.); (H.W.P.)
| | - Mi-Sun Moon
- Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (P.S.); (S.Y.W.); (M.-S.M.); (H.W.P.)
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (P.S.); (S.Y.W.); (M.-S.M.); (H.W.P.)
| | - Kang-Mo Ku
- BK21 Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Horticulture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (P.S.); (S.Y.W.); (M.-S.M.); (H.W.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Li Z, Liu Y, Yuan S, Han F, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhuang M, Zhang Y, Lv H, Wang Y, Ji J. Fine mapping of the major QTLs for biochemical variation of sulforaphane in broccoli florets using a DH population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9004. [PMID: 33903705 PMCID: PMC8076207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucoraphanin is a major secondary metabolite found in Brassicaceae vegetables, especially broccoli, and its degradation product sulforaphane plays an essential role in anticancer. The fine mapping of sulforaphane metabolism quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in broccoli florets is necessary for future marker-assisted selection strategies. In this study, we utilized a doubled haploid population consisting of 176 lines derived from two inbred lines (86,101 and 90,196) with significant differences in sulforaphane content, coupled with extensive genotypic and phenotypic data from two independent environments. A linkage map consisting of 438 simple sequence repeats markers was constructed, covering a length of 1168.26 cM. A total of 18 QTLs for sulforaphane metabolism in broccoli florets were detected, 10 were detected in 2017, and the other 8 were detected in 2018. The LOD values of all QTLs ranged from 3.06 to 14.47, explaining 1.74-7.03% of the biochemical variation between two years. Finally, 6 QTLs (qSF-C3-1, qSF-C3-2, qSF-C3-3, qSF-C3-5, qSF-C3-6 and qSF-C7) were stably detected in more than one environment, each accounting for 4.54-7.03% of the phenotypic variation explained (PVE) and a total of 30.88-34.86% of PVE. Our study provides new insights into sulforaphane metabolism in broccoli florets and marker-assisted selection breeding in Brassica oleracea crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suxia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqing Han
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jialei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Li R, Sawada Y, Boerzhijin S, Kuwahara A, Sato M, Hirai MY. Abscisic acid-mediated induction of FLAVIN-CONTAINING MONOOXYGENASE 2 leads to reduced accumulation of methylthioalkyl glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110764. [PMID: 33487349 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Side-chain modification contributes to the structural diversity of aliphatic glucosinolates (GSLs), a class of sulfur-containing secondary metabolites found in Brassicales. The first step in side-chain modification of aliphatic GSLs is the S-oxygenation of the methylthioalkyl (MT) moiety to the methylsulfinylalkyl (MS) moiety. This reaction is catalyzed by flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMOGS-OX), which is encoded by seven genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Therefore, the regulation of FMOGS-OX gene expression is key to controlling side-chain structural diversity. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of FMOGS-OX2 and FMOGS-OX4 was induced by glucose treatment, independent of MYB28/29 and MYC2/3/4, the transcription factors that positively regulate aliphatic GSL biosynthesis. Glucose treatment of the abscisic acid (ABA)-related mutants indicated that glucose-triggered upregulation of FMOGS-OX2 and FMOGS-OX4 was partially regulated by ABA through the key negative regulators ABI1 and ABI2, and the positive regulator SnRK2, but not via the transcription factor ABI5. In wild-type plants, glucose treatment drastically reduced the accumulation of 4-methylthiobutyl (4MT) GSL, whereas a decrease in 4MT GSL was not observed in the fmogs-ox2, abi1-1, abi2-1, aba2-1, or aba3-1 mutants. This result indicated that the decreased accumulation of 4MT GSL by glucose treatment was attributed to upregulation of FMOGS-OX2 via the ABA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, 730000, China; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Rui Li
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Surina Boerzhijin
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Ayuko Kuwahara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Muneo Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
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Park JE, Kim J, Purevdorj E, Son YJ, Nho CW, Yoo G. Effects of long light exposure and drought stress on plant growth and glucosinolate production in pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis). Food Chem 2020; 340:128167. [PMID: 33007694 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLs), found in Brassicaceae family, are precursor metabolites with anti-cancer properties. Increased GLs have been studied under various environmental growth conditions. Pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is a GL-rich vegetable. We hypothesize that long exposure to light and drought will increase the biomass of, and GL production in, pak choi. The experiment was conducted for 6 weeks. Long light exposure (20 h/day) increased, whilst drought exposure (12 h/week) decreased the plant growth. The plants exposed to a combination of drought and long light conditions showed similar growth pattern as control plants. GL production increased at week 6 in plants exposed to long light, while drought exposure had no impact on GL production, with the exception of glucoraphanin. Significant positive correlations were observed between plant growth and GL yield with accumulated light exposure time. Our findings suggest that long exposure to light can be used to increase both the biomass and GL production in pak choi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Eok Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, South Korea.
| | - Junho Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, South Korea.
| | - Erdenetsogt Purevdorj
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, South Korea.
| | - Yang-Ju Son
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, South Korea.
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, South Korea.
| | - Gyhye Yoo
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, South Korea.
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Nugroho ABD, Han N, Pervitasari AN, Kim DH, Kim J. Differential expression of major genes involved in the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates in intergeneric Baemoochae (Brassicaceae) and its parents during development. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:171-184. [PMID: 31792713 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thus study found the temporal and spatial relationship between production of aliphatic glucosinolate compounds and the expression profile of glucosinolate-related genes during growth and development in radish, Chinese cabbage, and their intergeneric hybrid baemoochae plants. Glucosinolates (GSLs) are one of major bioactive compounds in Brassicaceae plants. GSLs play a role in defense against microbes as well as chemo-preventative activity against cancer, which draw attentions from plant scientists. We investigated the temporal relationship between production of aliphatic Glucosinolate (GSLs) compounds and the expression profile of GSL related genes during growth and development in radish, Chinese cabbage, and their intergeneric hybrid, baemoochae. Over the complete life cycle, Glucoraphasatin (GRH) and glucoraphanin (GRE) predominated in radish, whereas gluconapin (GNP), glucobrassicanapin (GBN), and glucoraphanin (GRA) abounded in Chinese cabbage. Baemoochae contained intermediate levels of all GSLs studied, indicating inheritance from both radish and Chinese cabbage. Expression patterns of BCAT4, CYP79F1, CYP83A1, UGT74B1, GRS1, FMOgs-ox1, and AOP2 genes showed a correlation to their corresponding encoded proteins in radish, Chinese cabbage, and baemoochae. Interestingly, there is a sharp change in gene expression pattern involved in side chain modification, particularly GRS1, FMOgs-ox1, and AOP2, among these plants during the vegetative and reproductive stage. For instance, the GRS1 was strongly expressed during leaf development, while both of FMOgs-ox1 and AOP2 was manifested high in floral tissues. Furthermore, expression of GRS1 gene which is responsible for GRH production was predominantly expressed in leaf tissues of radish and baemoochae, whereas it was only slightly detected in Chinese cabbage root tissue, explaining why radish has an abundance of GRH compared to other Brassica plants. Altogether, our comprehensive and comparative data proved that aliphatic GSLs biosynthesis is dynamically and precisely regulated in a tissue- and development-dependent manner in Brassicaceae family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adji Baskoro Dwi Nugroho
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Narae Han
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongkee Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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