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Kim HJ, Yang J, Herath KHINM, Jeon YJ, Son YO, Kwon D, Kim HJ, Jee Y. Oral Administration of Sargassum horneri Suppresses Particulate Matter-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage in Alveolar Macrophages of Allergic Airway Inflammation: Relevance to PM-Mediated M1/M2 AM Polarization. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300462. [PMID: 37986167 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Particulate matter (PM) can cause cellular oxidative damage and promote respiratory diseases. It has recently shown that Sargassum horneri ethanol extract (SHE) containing sterols and gallic acid reduces PM-induced oxidative stress in mice lung cells through ROS scavenging and metal chelating. In this study, the role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) is identified that are particularly susceptible to DNA damage due to PM-triggered oxidative stress in lungs of OVA-sensitized mice exposed to PM. METHODS AND RESULTS The study scrutinizes if PM exposure causes oxidative DNA damage to AMs differentially depending on their type of polarization. Further, SHE's potential is investigated in reducing oxidative DNA damage in polarized AMs and restoring AM polarization in PM-induced allergic airway inflammation. The study discovers that PM triggers prolonged oxidative stress to AMs, leading to lipid peroxidation in them and alveolar epithelial cells. Particularly, AMs are polarized to M2 phenotype (F4/80+ CD206+ ) with enhanced oxidative DNA damage when subject to PM-induced oxidative stress. However, SHE repairs oxidative DNA damage in M1- and M2-polarized AMs and reduces AMs polarization imbalance due to PM exposure. CONCLUSION These results suggest the possibility of SHE as beneficial foods against PM-induced allergic airway inflammation via suppression of AM dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | | | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
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Lohn AF, Trtikova M, Chapela I, van den Berg J, du Plessis H, Hilbeck A. Effect of herbivore stress on transgene behaviour in maize crosses with different genetic backgrounds: cry1Ab transgene transcription, insecticidal protein expression and bioactivity against insect pests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2023; 35:106. [PMID: 38037561 PMCID: PMC10684648 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-023-00815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Decades after their first commercial release, many theoretical assumptions are still taken for granted in the deployment of genetically modified (GM) crops. Theoretically, in the case of maize, active transcription of the cry1Ab transgene would result in dose-dependent production of the insecticidal Cry1Ab protein, which would in turn induce dose-dependent mortality on lepidopteran pests. We produced data to realistically approach this question by using a model that includes two genetic background contexts from two geographical provenances in Brazil and South Africa, and two lepidopteran pests (Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera littoralis). However, in this study, the effect of insect herbivory was superimposed to investigate possible stress-induced effects in transgene expression at three levels: mRNA, protein and bioactivity. Results Overall, we found that herbivore damage by H. armigera was reflected only at the translational level, with a higher level of Cry1Ab protein measured in the Brazilian crosses under herbivore stress. On the other hand, compared to non-stress growing conditions, the herbivore damage by S. littoralis was not directly reflected in mRNA, protein or bioactivity in the South African crosses. Conclusions The differences between South African and Brazilian genetic backgrounds, and between the stressor effect of the two herbivores used, highlight the complexity of transgene expression at the agroecological level. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-023-00815-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Felipe Lohn
- Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miluse Trtikova
- Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ignacio Chapela
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Johnnie van den Berg
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Hannalene du Plessis
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Angelika Hilbeck
- Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Chen Y, Liu Z, Dai Y, Yue Y, Liu Y, Li H, He R, Zhang X, Chen D. Low temperature decreased insecticidal protein contents of cotton and its physiological mechanism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1082926. [PMID: 36762176 PMCID: PMC9902870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1082926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature delayed cotton growth, increased abscission of reproductive organs, and seriously reduced quality and yield. Moreover, failed or unstable performance of insecticidal resistance due to adverse environments have been reported. In order to study the impact of low temperature on the insecticidal protein contents at square stage in Bacillus Thuringenesis (Bt) transgenic cotton, different temperature regimes and durations were imposed on two Bt cotton cultivars, Sikang1 (the conventional cultivar, SK1) and Sikang3 (the hybrid cultivar, SK3). Low temperature stress exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on insecticidal protein expression in squares and leaves of Bt transgenic cotton plants, with insecticidal protein contents decreased up to 30% with decreasing temperature. In addition, the threshold temperature resulting in significant reduction of insecticidal protein contents symbolized a rising trend as stress duration extended, together with a greater reduction observed. Thus, at square stage, the detrimental influence of low temperature on Bt protein contents was closely related to the low temperature level and duration. The square Bt protein content was positively correlated with leaf Bt protein content, but was more sensitive to low temperature. Across the whole treatment duration in both years, square Bt protein level was significantly negatively correlated with malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, as well as the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), indicating the negative effect of cold induced oxidative stress on Bt protein contents. The reduced Bt protein contents under low temperature were also related to altered N metabolism. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities, as well as soluble protein contents in squares reduced, and greater reduction was recorded with decreasing temperature. In contrast, the free amino acid contents, and peptidase and protease activities increased, and greater elevation was noted with decreasing temperature. These results suggested in Bt cotton production, it is necessary to be alert to low temperature disasters that may last for more than 24 hours and lower than 15-17°C during the square stage, which may lead to reduced insecticidal resistance causing serious economic losses.
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Fu J, Liu B. Individual and combined effects of land use and weeds on Cry1Ab/c protein expression and yield of transgenic cry1Ab/c rice. GM CROPS & FOOD 2022; 13:156-170. [PMID: 35946863 PMCID: PMC9367653 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2107385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety, Research Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Rice Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biao Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety, Research Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Nguyen TD, La VH, Nguyen VD, Bui TT, Nguyen TT, Je YH, Chung YS, Ngo XB. Convergence of Bar and Cry1Ac Mutant Genes in Soybean Confers Synergistic Resistance to Herbicide and Lepidopteran Insects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:698882. [PMID: 34733296 PMCID: PMC8559871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.698882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is a globally important crop species, which is subject to pressure by insects and weeds causing severe substantially reduce yield and quality. Despite the success of transgenic soybean in terms of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and herbicide tolerance, unforeseen mitigated performances have still been inspected due to climate changes that favor the emergence of insect resistance. Therefore, there is a need to develop a biotech soybean with elaborated gene stacking to improve insect and herbicide tolerance in the field. In this study, new gene stacking soybean events, such as bialaphos resistance (bar) and pesticidal crystal protein (cry)1Ac mutant 2 (M#2), are being developed in Vietnamese soybean under field condition. Five transgenic plants were extensively studied in the herbicide effects, gene expression patterns, and insect mortality across generations. The increase in the expression of the bar gene by 100% in the leaves of putative transgenic plants was a determinant of herbicide tolerance. In an insect bioassay, the cry1Ac-M#2 protein tested yielded higher than expected larval mortality (86%), reflecting larval weight gain and weight of leaf consumed were less in the T1 generation. Similarly, in the field tests, the expression of cry1Ac-M#2 in the transgenic soybean lines was relatively stable from T0 to T3 generations that corresponded to a large reduction in the rate of leaves and pods damage caused by Lamprosema indicata and Helicoverpa armigera. The transgenic lines converged two genes, producing a soybean phenotype that was resistant to herbicide and lepidopteran insects. Furthermore, the expression of cry1Ac-M#2 was dominant in the T1 generation leading to the exhibit of better phenotypic traits. These results underscored the great potential of combining bar and cry1Ac mutation genes in transgenic soybean as pursuant of ensuring resistance to herbicide and lepidopteran insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Dung Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Van Hien La
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Van Duy Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Tri Thuc Bui
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Thi Tinh Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Yeon Ho Je
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Chung
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Dong A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Xuan Binh Ngo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
- Department of Science and Technology for Economic Technical Branches, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
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Fu J, Liu B, Liu L, Fang Z. Fitness of Insect-resistant transgenic rice T1C-19 under four growing conditions combining land use and weed competition. GM CROPS & FOOD 2021; 12:328-341. [PMID: 33882798 PMCID: PMC8086590 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2021.1914290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Transgene escape into natural ecosystems through seed spraying or transgene introgression may potentially cause environmental biosafety problems. In this study, we assessed the environmental risk of insect-resistant transgenic rice entering farmland margins or natural ecosystems adjacent to farmland. Transgenic Cry1C* rice (T1C-19) was used to study the effects of exogenous Cry1C* expression on vegetative and reproductive growth indices under different growing conditions using the following four combined treatments of land use and weeds: farmland and uncultivated land without weeds (F–NW and U–NW, respectively), and farmland and uncultivated land with weeds (F–W and U–W, respectively). The expression of Cry1C* protein under the U–NW, F–W, and U–W conditions was significantly lower than under the control condition, F–NW. Tiller number, biomass, filled grain number, filled grain weight, and other vegetative and reproductive indices were significantly lower in the rice line TIC-19 than in MH63 under F–NW and U–NW conditions, indicating a significant fitness cost. However, under F–W and U–W conditions, vegetative growth indices such as plant height, tiller number, and biomass, as well as reproductive growth indices such as filled grain number per plant, filled grain weight per plant, and seed setting rate in TIC-19 were similar to those in MH63, indicating a long-term coexistence. These results indicate a lower ecological risk of T1C-19 compared to MH63 under F–NW and U–NW, although their long-term coexistence may lead to potential ecological risks under F–W and U–W.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Fu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety, Research Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China.,Department of Rice Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Wuyi Mountains, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing China
| | - Biao Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety, Research Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China.,State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Wuyi Mountains, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Laipan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety, Research Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China.,State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Wuyi Mountains, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiang Fang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety, Research Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China.,State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Wuyi Mountains, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
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7
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Improved lint yield under field conditions in cotton over-expressing transcription factors regulating fibre initiation. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:529-550. [PMID: 32939587 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Only a few transcription factors (TFs) regulating which cells of the ovule epidermis differentiate into lint fibres have been identified in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In this study, the effect on lint yield and fibre quality of over-expressing three TFs in cotton, GhHD-1, GhMYB25 and GhMYB25Like, and their double and triple combinations, were evaluated in field experiments over two seasons. The expression of single or stacked TFs were all driven either by an ovule-specific promoter, FBP 7, or a constitutive promoter, Stunt 7, in a Coker 315 background. TF type, either singly or in combination, was found to be the most significant factor affecting lint yield. Among 64 transgenic lines tested, seven were higher yielding than null segregant lines in one or both seasons and were all from the sets with single and double over-expressed TF combinations. A reduced yield was associated with the set of triple combinations. The two most stable high yielding lines across the seasons recorded 12-22% higher yields than the nulls, although were not competitive to locally adapted commercial controls. Over-expression of TFs singly or in combination did not significantly alter fibre length and strength, but sometimes increased fibre micronaire. There were positive relationships between lint yield and lint percentage and lint yield and fibre density amongst the transgenic lines. Our preliminary results suggest that manipulating TF expression, either singly or in pairs, can increase the density of fibres initiated on developing seeds and fibre yields under field conditions while maintaining overall fibre quality.
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Liu L, Guo R, Qin Q, Fu J, Liu B. Expression of Bt Protein in Transgenic Bt Cotton Plants and Ecological Fitness of These Plants in Different Habitats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1209. [PMID: 32849750 PMCID: PMC7427126 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fitness is one of the key parameters to evaluate the effects of transgenic plants on the ecological environment. To evaluate the ecological risk of transgenic Bt cotton plants growing in different habitats, we determined the expression of the exogenous Bt gene and the fitness of transgenic and non-transgenic cotton plants in three habitats (farmland, grassland, and shrub). We observed that the expression of Bt protein in the farmland was significantly higher than that in the natural habitat, and when the growth environment was suitable, the Bt protein expression level showed a downward trend with the advancement of the growth. There were no significant differences in plant height, aboveground biomass, and seed yield between the Bt transgenic and non-transgenic cotton plants at the same growth stage under the same habitat. Nevertheless, in different habitats, the fitness of the same cotton line showed significant differences. In the farmland habitat, the plant height, aboveground biomass, and seed yield of both transgenic cotton and its non-transgenic isoline were significantly higher than that in the other two natural habitats. The results indicate that the expression of Bt protein does not increase the fitness of the parent plants and would not cause the weeding of the recipient cotton plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laipan Liu
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Wuyi Mountains, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruqing Guo
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmei Fu
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Key Laboratory on Biosafety of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Wuyi Mountains, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
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Fu J, Liu B. Enhanced yield performance of transgenic cry1C* rice in saline-alkaline soil. GM CROPS & FOOD 2020; 11:97-112. [PMID: 31906775 PMCID: PMC7289519 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2019.1709383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
China has a large area of saline-alkaline land that can be utilized for the cultivation of transgenic rice. Therefore, the growth and reproductive behavior of transgenic rice are not only a problem for production that needs to be resolved, but also an important aspect of environmental risk assessment for saline alkali soil. In the present study, an insect-resistant transgenic cry1C* rice, T1C-19, was grown in farmland and saline-alkaline soils. The transcription and translation of the exogenous cry1C*, and vegetative and reproductive fitness, such as plant height, tiller number, biomass, filled grain number and weight per plant, were assessed. Our findings indicated that the transcription and translation of exogenous cry1C* gene in T1C-19 rice grown in saline-alkaline soil were lower than that grown in farmland; however, the correlation was not significant. The vegetative and reproductive growth abilities of T1C-19 were lower than that of the parental rice, Minghui63 (MH63), in farmland. In alkaline-saline soil, except for tiller number and biomass, there were no significant differences between T1C-19 and MH63 in other vegetative indices. In contrast, the reproductive indices of T1C-19 were significantly higher than those of MH63. The results suggested that T1C-19 had a strong reproductive capacity, and significantly reduced the loss of yield caused by insects, thereby leading to a higher yield than that of MH63 grown in saline-alkaline soils. This may promote the cultivation of saline-alkaline soil to permit farming of T1C-19 in China in the future, despite the possible increased ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Fu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
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10
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Girón-Calva PS, Twyman RM, Albajes R, Gatehouse AMR, Christou P. The Impact of Environmental Stress on Bt Crop Performance. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:264-278. [PMID: 31983618 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bt crops have been grown commercially for more than two decades. They have proven remarkably effective in the control of target insect pests. However, Bt crops can become less effective under various forms of environmental stress. Most studies in this area have considered the effect of environmental stress on Bt insecticidal protein levels or target pest mortality, but not both, resulting in a lack of mechanistic analysis. In this review, we critically examine previous research addressing the impact of environmental stress on the effectiveness of Bt crops. We find that the body of research data is not sufficiently robust to allow the reliable prediction of the performance of Bt crops under extreme climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Girón-Calva
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Albajes
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Angharad M R Gatehouse
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle, UK
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluıís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Wang YH, Gao J, Sun MF, Chen JP, Zhang X, Chen Y, Chen DH. Impacts of soil salinity on Bt protein concentration in square of transgenic Bt cotton. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207013. [PMID: 30403755 PMCID: PMC6221344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect-resistance of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton varies among plants organs and with different environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of soil salinity on Bt protein concentration in cotton squares and to elucidate the potential mechanism of Bt efficacy reduction. Two cotton cultivars (NuCOTN 33B and CCRI 07, salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant) were subjected to salinity stress under four natural saline levels in field conditions in 2015 and 2016 and seven regimes of soil salinity ranged from 0.5 to 18.8 dS m-1 in greenhouse conditions in 2017. Results of field studies revealed that Bt protein content was not significantly changed at 7.13 dS m-1 salinity, but exhibited a significant drop at the 10.41 and 14.16 dS m-1 salinity. The greenhouse experiments further showed similar trends that significant declines of the insecticidal protein contents in squares were detected when soil salinity exceeded 9.1 dS m-1. Meanwhile, high salinity resulted in significant reduction in contents of soluble protein and total nitrogen, activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), but increased amino acid content, activities of protease and peptidase in cotton squares. High salinity also decreased root vigor (RV), root total absorption area (RTA) and root active absorption area (RAA). The extent of decrease of Bt protein content was more pronounced in NuCOTN 33B than CCRI 07, and CCRI07 exhibited stronger enzymes activities involved in square protein synthesis and higher levels of RV, RTA and RAA. Therefore, the results of our present study indicated that insecticidal protein expression in cotton squares were significantly affected by higher salinity (equal to or higher than 9.1 dS m-1), reduced protein synthesis and increased protein degradation in squares and reduced metabolic activities in roots might lead to the decrease of Bt protein content in squares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu Coastal Area, Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Yancheng, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jin Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu Coastal Area, Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Yancheng, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Fa Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu Coastal Area, Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Yancheng, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu Coastal Area, Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Yancheng, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - De-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Fu J, Song X, Liu B, Shi Y, Shen W, Fang Z, Zhang L. Fitness Cost of Transgenic cry1Ab/c Rice Under Saline-Alkaline Soil Condition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1552. [PMID: 30405680 PMCID: PMC6206443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The environmental release and biosafety of transgenic Bt crops have attracted global attention. China has a large area of saline-alkali land, which is ideal for large-scale production of Bt transgenic rice. Therefore an understanding of the fitness of Bt transgenic rice in saline-alkaline soils and the ability to predict its long-term environmental effects are important for the future sustainable use of these crops. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the fitness of cry1Ab/c transgenic rice in both farmland and natural ecosystems. Transgenic cry1Ab/c rice Huahui1, for which a national biosafety certificate was obtained, was grown on normal farmland and saline-alkaline soils in a glass greenhouse. The expression pattern of exogenous Cry1Ab/c protein, and vegetative and reproductive fitness of rice were assessed. The expression of the exogenous Cry1Ab/c protein in the transgenic rice grown on saline-alkaline soil was lower than that in the strain grown on farmland soil. Under both the soil conditions, vegetative growth abilities, as evaluated by tiller number and biomass, and reproductive growth abilities, as measured by filled grain number and filled grain weight per plant, showed a significantly higher fitness cost for Huahui1 than that for the parental rice Minghui63 grown under the same soil conditions. In saline-alkaline soil, the fitness cost of Huahui1was moderately higher than that of Minghui63. Therefore, the ecological risk of cry1Ab/c transgenic rice is not expected to be higher than that of parental rice Minghui63 if the former escapes into natural saline-alkaline soil. The results of the present study provide a scientific basis to improve environmental safety assessment of the insect-resistant transgenic rice strain Huahui1 before commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Fu
- Weed Research Lab, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Weed Research Lab, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiang Fang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China
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