1
|
Man Z, Zhang J, Liu J, Liu L, Yang J, Cao Z. Process-Based Modeling of Phenology and Radial Growth in Pinus tabuliformis in Response to Climate Factors over a Cold and Semi-Arid Region. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:980. [PMID: 38611511 PMCID: PMC11013837 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: Climate change significantly impacts the phenology and dynamics of radial tree growth in alpine dryland forests. However, there remains a scarcity of reliable information on the physiological processes of tree growth and cambial phenology in response to long-term climate change in cold and semi-arid regions. (2) Methods: We employed the process-based Vaganov-Shashkin (VS) model to simulate the phenology and growth patterns of Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) in the eastern Qilian Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The model was informed by observed temperature and precipitation data to elucidate the relationships between climate factors and tree growth. (3) Results: The simulated tree-ring index closely aligned with the observed tree-ring chronology, validating the VS model's effectiveness in capturing the climatic influences on radial growth and cambial phenology of P. tabuliformis. The model outputs revealed that the average growing season spanned from mid-April to mid-October and experienced an extension post-1978 due to ongoing warming trends. However, it is important to note that an increase in the duration of the growing season did not necessarily result in a higher level of radial growth. (4) Conclusions: While the duration of the growing season was primarily determined by temperature, the growth rate was predominantly influenced by water conditions during the growing season, making it the most significant factor contributing to ring formation. Our study provides valuable insights into the potential mechanisms underlying tree growth responses to climate change in cold and semi-arid regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Man
- Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730333, China
- Liancheng National Nature Reserve in Gansu, Lanzhou 730300, China
| | - Junzhou Zhang
- Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730333, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730333, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Liu
- Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730333, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiqin Yang
- Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730333, China
- Liancheng National Nature Reserve in Gansu, Lanzhou 730300, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zongying Cao
- Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730333, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silvestro R, Sylvain JD, Drolet G, Buttò V, Auger I, Mencuccini M, Rossi S. Upscaling xylem phenology: sample size matters. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:811-824. [PMID: 36018569 PMCID: PMC9758298 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Upscaling carbon allocation requires knowledge of the variability at the scales at which data are collected and applied. Trees exhibit different growth rates and timings of wood formation. However, the factors explaining these differences remain undetermined, making samplings and estimations of the growth dynamics a complicated task, habitually based on technical rather than statistical reasons. This study explored the variability in xylem phenology among 159 balsam firs [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.]. METHODS Wood microcores were collected weekly from April to October 2018 in a natural stand in Quebec, Canada, to detect cambial activity and wood formation timings. We tested spatial autocorrelation, tree size and cell production rates as explanatory variables of xylem phenology. We assessed sample size and margin of error for wood phenology assessment at different confidence levels. KEY RESULTS Xylem formation lasted between 40 and 110 d, producing between 12 and 93 cells. No effect of spatial proximity or size of individuals was detected on the timings of xylem phenology. Trees with larger cell production rates showed a longer growing season, starting xylem differentiation earlier and ending later. A sample size of 23 trees produced estimates of xylem phenology at a confidence level of 95 % with a margin of error of 1 week. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the high variability in the timings of wood formation among trees within an area of 1 km2. The correlation between the number of new xylem cells and the growing season length suggests a close connection between the processes of wood formation and carbon sequestration. However, the causes of the observed differences in xylem phenology remain partially unresolved. We point out the need to carefully consider sample size when assessing xylem phenology to explore the reasons underlying this variability and to allow reliable upscaling of carbon allocation in forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Silvestro
- Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l’Université, Chicoutimi (QC) G7H2B1, Canada
| | - Jean-Daniel Sylvain
- Direction de la recherche forestière Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, QC G1P3W8, Canada
| | - Guillaume Drolet
- Direction de la recherche forestière Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, QC G1P3W8, Canada
| | - Valentina Buttò
- Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l’Université, Chicoutimi (QC) G7H2B1, Canada
- Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Auger
- Direction de la recherche forestière Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, QC G1P3W8, Canada
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l’Université, Chicoutimi (QC) G7H2B1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cai Q, Liu Y, Fang C, Xie M, Zhang H, Li Q, Song H, Sun C, Liu R, Di T, Sun E, Wang Y. Insight into spatial-temporal patterns of hydroclimate change on the Chinese Loess Plateau over the past 250 years, using new evidence from tree rings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157960. [PMID: 35964748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The climate aridity since the mid-20th century has raised concerns about water resources on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). A lack of extended observation-like precipitation records for the eastern CLP (ECLP) means that it remains unclear whether or not the current arid state of the CLP is unprecedented, and the spatial-temporal characteristics of hydroclimatic variability across the CLP over past centuries are not well understood. Here we present a regional hydrological-year precipitation reconstruction for the Heichashan Mountains, which successfully captures hydroclimate changes on the ECLP since 1773 CE. The reconstruction explains 48.72 % of the observed variance for 1957-2019 CE and reveals a wetting trend since the early 2000s and shows 2014-2020 CE to have been the second wettest period over the past 248 years. 1910-1932 CE was the longest and driest period over the past centuries. Furthermore, the 19th century was relatively wet, whereas the 20th century was dry. We demonstrate that droughts tend to occur in warm periods. Combining our new reconstruction with previously published hydroclimatic reconstructions, we find that hydroclimate has changed synchronously on the ECLP and the western CLP (WCLP) for most of the past two centuries. Some regional differences do exist, for example in the 1890s-1920s, when aridity gradually intensified across the ECLP, no similar drying is evident in records for the WCLP, although the 1920s megadrought occurred in both the ECLP and WCLP. Another difference is in the onset of the 20th-century aridity, which began in the 1950s on the ECLP, around 20 years later than it began on the WCLP. In addition to the known influences of the Asian Summer Monsoon and related large-scale circulations, this work highlights a major finding that the 1920s megadrought may be related to a regime shift in Northern Hemisphere temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, The Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Open Studio for Oceanic-Continental Climate and Environment Changes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, The Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China; Open Studio for Oceanic-Continental Climate and Environment Changes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China; School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Congxi Fang
- The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, The Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mei Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, The Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, The Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; The University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Huiming Song
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Changfeng Sun
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ruoshi Liu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Taoyuan Di
- The State-owned Forest Administration of Heichashan, Shanxi Province, Lanxian County 033599, China
| | - Erwen Sun
- The Zhongzhai Forestry Farm of the State-owned Forest Administration of Heichashan, Shanxi Province, Kelan County 036300, China
| | - Yong Wang
- The State-owned Forest Administration of Heichashan, Shanxi Province, Lanxian County 033599, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Responses of Tree Growth and Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency to Environmental Factors in Central and Northern China in the Context of Global Warming. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Loess Plateau is a fragile ecological zone that is sensitive to climate change. The response, adaptation, and feedback of tree growth in forest ecosystems to global warming and CO2 enrichment are urgent scientific issues. Intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) is an important indicator for understanding forest ecosystem adaptability to climate change and CO2 enrichment. In this study, tree-ring width, tree-ring stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C), and iWUE of P. tabulaeformis Carr. were established. Climate response analysis showed that temperature was the main limiting factor affecting radial tree growth and that relative humidity significantly affected the stable carbon isotope fractionation of tree rings. During 1645–2011, the iWUE increased by 27.1%. The responses of iWUE to climate factors and atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca) showed that the long-term variation in iWUE was affected by Ca, which could explain 69% of iWUE variation, and temperature was the main factor causing iWUE interannual variation. The ecosystem of P. tabulaeformis showed a positive response to rising Ca, as its carbon sequestration capacity increased. In response to global warming and CO2 enrichment, rising Ca promoted increases in iWUE but ultimately failed to offset the negative impact of warming on tree growth in the study area.
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo Y, Xu H, Wu H, Shen W, Lin J, Zhao Y. Seasonal changes in cambium activity from active to dormant stage affect the formation of secondary xylem in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:585-599. [PMID: 34505153 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the changing patterns of vascular cambium during seasonal cycles is crucial to reveal the mechanisms that control cambium activity and wood formation, but this area has been underexplored, especially in conifers. Here, we quantified the changing cellular morphology patterns of cambial zones during the active, transition and dormant stages. With the help of toluidine blue and periodic acid-Schiff staining to visualize cell walls and identify their constituents, we observed decreasing cambial cell layers, thickening of newly formed xylem cell walls and increased polysaccharide granules in phloem from June to the following March over the course of our collecting period. Pectin immunofluorescence showed that dormant-stage cambium can produce highly abundant de-esterified homogalacturonan and (1-4)-β-d-galactan epitopes, whereas active cambium can strong accumulate high methylesterified homogalacturonan. Calcofluor white staining and confocal Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed regular changes in the chemical composition of cell walls, such as relative lower cellulose deposition in transition stage in vascular cambium, and higher lignin accumulation was found in dormant stage in secondary xylem. Moreover, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that various IAA (Aux/IAA protein), CesA, CslA and HDZ genes, as well as NAC, PME3 and PME4, may be involved in cambium activities and secondary xylem formation. Taken together, these findings provide new information about cambium activity and cell differentiation in the formation, structure and chemistry in conifers during the active-dormant transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yayu Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyang Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang Y, Zhang X, Chhin S, Zhang J. A Bimodal Pattern and Age-Related Growth of Intra-Annual Wood Cell Development of Chinese Fir in Subtropical China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:757438. [PMID: 34956260 PMCID: PMC8695768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.757438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Age plays an important role in regulating the intra-annual changes in wood cell development. Investigating the effect of age on intra-annual wood cell development would help to understand cambial phenology and xylem formation dynamics of trees and predict the growth of trees accurately. Five intermediate trees in each stand (total of 5 stands) in five age groupings of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.) plantations in subtropical China were monitored on micro-cores collected weekly or biweekly from January to December in 2019. We modeled the dynamics of wood cell development with a mixed effects model, analyzed the age effect on intra-annual wood cell development, and explored the contribution of rate and duration of wood cell development on intra-annual wood cell development. We found a bimodal pattern of wood cell development in all age classes, and no matter the date of peak or the maximal number of cells the bimodal patterns were similar in all age classes. In addition, compared with the older trees, the younger trees had the longest duration of wood cell development because of the later end of wood cell development and a larger number of wood cells. The younger trees had the faster growth rate than the older trees, but the date of the maximal growth rate in older trees was earlier than younger trees, which led to the production of more wood cells in the younger trees. Moreover, we found that the number of cells in wood cell formation was mostly affected by the rate (92%) rather than the duration (8%) of wood cell formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiongqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sophan Chhin
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao J, Rossi S, Yang B. Origin of Intra-annual Density Fluctuations in a Semi-arid Area of Northwestern China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:777753. [PMID: 34880895 PMCID: PMC8645770 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.777753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Intra-annual density fluctuation (IADF) is a structural modification of the tree ring in response to fluctuations in the weather. The expected changes in monsoon flow would lead to heterogeneous moisture conditions during the growing season and increase the occurrence of IADF in trees of the arid ecosystems of continental Asia. To reveal the timings and physiological mechanisms behind IADF formation, we monitored cambial activity and wood formation in Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) during 2017-2019 at three sites in semi-arid China. We compared the dynamics of xylem formation under a drought event, testing the hypothesis that drought affects the process of cell enlargement and thus induces the production of IADF. Wood microcores collected weekly from April to October were used for anatomical analyses to estimate the timings of cambial activity, and the phases of enlargement, wall thickening, and lignification of the xylem. The first cells started enlargement from late April to early May. The last latewood cells completed differentiation in mid-September. Trees produced IADF in 2018. During that year, a drought in June limited cell production in the cambium, only 36% of the xylem cells being formed in IADF trees, compared to 68% in normal tree rings. IADF cells enlarged under drought in early July and started wall thickening during the rainfall events of late July. The drought restricted cell enlargement and affected wall thickening, resulting in narrow cells with wide walls. Cambium and cell enlargement recovered from the abundant rainfall, producing a new layer with large earlywood tracheids. IADF is a specific adaptation of trees to cope with water deficit events occurring during xylem formation. Our findings confirmed the hypothesis that the June-July drought induces latewood-like IADFs by limiting the process of cell enlargement in the xylem. Our finding suggests a higher occurrence of IADF in trees of arid and semi-arid climates of continental Asia if the changes to monsoon flows result in more frequent drought events during the earlywood formation in June.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Gao
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qinghai Research Center of Qilian Mountain National Park, Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability and Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rahman MH, Kudo K, Yamagishi Y, Nakamura Y, Nakaba S, Begum S, Nugroho WD, Arakawa I, Kitin P, Funada R. Winter-spring temperature pattern is closely related to the onset of cambial reactivation in stems of the evergreen conifer Chamaecyparis pisifera. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14341. [PMID: 32868796 PMCID: PMC7458908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is an important factor for the cambial growth in temperate trees. We investigated the way daily temperatures patterns (maximum, average and minimum) from late winter to early spring affected the timing of cambial reactivation and xylem differentiation in stems of the conifer Chamaecyparis pisifera. When the daily temperatures started to increase earlier from late winter to early spring, cambial reactivation occurred earlier. Cambium became active when it achieves the desired accumulated temperature above the threshold (cambial reactivation index; CRI) of 13 °C in 11 days in 2013 whereas 18 days in 2014. This difference in duration required for achieving accumulated temperature can be explained with the variations in the daily temperature patterns in 2013 and 2014. Our formula for calculation of CRI predicted the cambial reactivation in 2015. A hypothetical increase of 1-4 °C to the actual daily maximum temperatures of 2013 and 2014 shifted the timing of cambial reactivation and had different effects on cambial reactivation in the two consecutive years because of variations in the actual daily temperatures patterns. Thus, the specific annual pattern of accumulation of temperature from late winter to early spring is a critical factor in determining the timing of cambial reactivation in trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Hasnat Rahman
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan
| | - Kayo Kudo
- Institute of Wood Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Noshiro, Akita, 016-0876, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamagishi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakaba
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan
| | - Shahanara Begum
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Widyanto Dwi Nugroho
- Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Agro No. 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Izumi Arakawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan
| | - Peter Kitin
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ryo Funada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li X, Rossi S, Liang E. The onset of xylogenesis in Smith fir is not related to outer bark thickness. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:1386-1391. [PMID: 31529807 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The resumption of stem growth varies across the ontogenetic development of trees. Compared with younger trees, older ones have thicker outer bark with a temperature-insulating effect that could potentially prevent the stem from warming in the spring. However, the question of whether xylogenesis in old trees is influenced by the thick bark still remains unresolved. METHODS We investigated the onset of xylogenesis across the ontogenetic development of Smith fir (Abies georgei var. smithii) trees in the Sygera Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The outer bark of older trees was also removed. Xylogenesis was monitored in microcores we collected every 3 days during May and June in 2017. RESULTS Xylogenesis began in late May in young (<50 yr) and mature (50-100 yr) trees, 1 week earlier than in adult (>100-150 yr) and old (>150-200 yr) trees. Older (>200 yr) trees had the latest onset of xylogenesis, 2 weeks after young trees. The resumption of xylogenesis was similar between the control and bark-removed trees. CONCLUSIONS Growth resumption was delayed in older and bigger trees. Outer bark did not affect the onset of xylogenesis, which indicated that the delayed resumption of growth during the lifespan of trees could be more related to endogenous factors than to an insulating effect of the thick bark of older individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Laboratoire d'Écologie Végétale, University of Quebec in Chicoutimi, 555, Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, (QC), G7H2B1, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Eryuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rahman MH, Nugroho WD, Nakaba S, Kitin P, Kudo K, Yamagishi Y, Begum S, Marsoem SN, Funada R. Changes in cambial activity are related to precipitation patterns in four tropical hardwood species grown in Indonesia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:760-771. [PMID: 31157413 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Cambial activity in some tropical trees varies intra-annually, with the formation of xylem rings. Identification of the climatic factors that regulate cambial activity is important for understanding the growth of such species. We analyzed the relationship between climatic factors and cambial activity in four tropical hardwoods, Acacia mangium, Tectona grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, and Neolamarckia cadamba in Yogyakarta, Java Island, Indonesia, which has a rainy season (November-June) and a dry season (July-October). METHODS Small blocks containing phloem, cambium, and xylem were collected from main stems in January 2014, October 2015 and October 2016, and examined with light microscopy for cambial cell division, fusiform cambial cells, and expanding xylem cells as evidence of cambial activity. RESULTS During the rainy season, when precipitation was high, cambium was active. By contrast, during the dry season in 2015, when there was no precipitation, cambium was dormant. However, in October 2016, during the so-called dry season, cambium was active, cell division was conspicuous, and a new xylem ring formation was initiated. The difference in cambial activity appeared to be related to an unusual pattern of precipitation during the typically dry months, from July to October, in 2016. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that low or absent precipitation for 3 to 4 months induces cessation of cambial activity and temporal periodicity of wood formation in the four species studied. By contrast, in the event of continuing precipitation, cambial activity in the same trees may continue throughout the year. The frequency pattern of precipitation appears to be an important determinant of wood formation in tropical trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Hasnat Rahman
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan
| | - Widyanto Dwi Nugroho
- Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Agro No. 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Satoshi Nakaba
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Peter Kitin
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kayo Kudo
- Institute of Wood Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Noshiro-Akita, 016-0876, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamagishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shahanara Begum
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sri Nugroho Marsoem
- Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Agro No. 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ryo Funada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| |
Collapse
|