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Kausar MA, Narayan J, Mishra N, Akhter Y, Singh R, Khalifa AM, El-Hag ABM, Ahmed RME, Tyagi N, Mahfooz S. Studying Human Pathogenic Cryptococcus Gattii Lineages by Utilizing Simple Sequence Repeats to Create Diagnostic Markers and Analyzing Diversity. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10812-7. [PMID: 38773043 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the occurrence, relative abundance (RA), and density (RD) of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) among the lineages of human pathogenic Cryptococcus gattii using an in-silico approach to gain a deeper understanding of the structure and evolution of their genomes. C. gattii isolate MF34 showed the highest RA and RD of SSRs in both the genomic and transcriptomic sequences, followed by isolate WM276. In both the genomic (50%) and transcriptomic (65%) sequences, trinucleotide SSRs were the most common SSR class. A motif conservation study found that the isolates had stronger conservation (56.1%) of motifs, with isolate IND107 having the most (5.7%) unique motifs. We discovered the presence of SSRs in genes that are directly or indirectly associated with disease using gene enrichment analysis. Isolate-specific unique motifs identified in this study could be utilized as molecular probes for isolate identification. To improve genetic resources among C. gattii isolates, 6499 primers were developed. These genomic resources developed in this study could help with diversity analysis and the development of isolate-specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adnan Kausar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jitendra Narayan
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Nishtha Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Amany Mohammed Khalifa
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Neetu Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Sahil Mahfooz
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, India.
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2
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Azizullah, Noman M, Gao Y, Wang H, Xiong X, Wang J, Li D, Song F. The SUMOylation pathway regulates the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in watermelon through stabilizing the pH regulator FonPalC via SUMOylation. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127632. [PMID: 38310728 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a key post-translational modification, where small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins regulate crucial biological processes, including pathogenesis, in phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we investigated the function and mechanism of the SUMOylation pathway in the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), the fungal pathogen that causes watermelon Fusarium wilt. Disruption of key SUMOylation pathway genes, FonSMT3, FonAOS1, FonUBC9, and FonMMS21, significantly reduced pathogenicity, impaired penetration ability, and attenuated invasive growth capacity of Fon. Transcription and proteomic analyses identified a diverse set of SUMOylation-regulated differentially expressed genes and putative FonSMT3-targeted proteins, which are predicted to be involved in infection, DNA damage repair, programmed cell death, reproduction, growth, and development. Among 155 putative FonSMT3-targeted proteins, FonPalC, a Pal/Rim-pH signaling regulator, was confirmed to be SUMOylated. The FonPalC protein accumulation was significantly decreased in SUMOylation-deficient mutant ∆Fonsmt3. Deletion of FonPalC resulted in impaired mycelial growth, decreased pathogenicity, enhanced osmosensitivity, and increased intracellular vacuolation in Fon. Importantly, mutations in conserved SUMOylation sites of FonPalC failed to restore the defects in ∆Fonpalc mutant, indicating the critical function of the SUMOylation in FonPalC stability and Fon pathogenicity. Identifying key SUMOylation-regulated pathogenicity-related proteins provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Fon pathogenesis regulated by SUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizullah
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yizhou Gao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dayong Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fengming Song
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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3
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Lambou K, Tag A, Lassagne A, Collemare J, Clergeot PH, Barbisan C, Perret P, Tharreau D, Millazo J, Chartier E, De Vries RP, Hirsch J, Morel JB, Beffa R, Kroj T, Thomas T, Lebrun MH. The bZIP transcription factor BIP1 of the rice blast fungus is essential for infection and regulates a specific set of appressorium genes. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011945. [PMID: 38252628 PMCID: PMC10833574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae differentiates specialized cells called appressoria that are required for fungal penetration into host leaves. In this study, we identified the novel basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor BIP1 (B-ZIP Involved in Pathogenesis-1) that is essential for pathogenicity. BIP1 is required for the infection of plant leaves, even if they are wounded, but not for appressorium-mediated penetration of artificial cellophane membranes. This phenotype suggests that BIP1 is not implicated in the differentiation of the penetration peg but is necessary for the initial establishment of the fungus within plant cells. BIP1 expression was restricted to the appressorium by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis showed that 40 genes were down regulated in a BIP1 deletion mutant. Most of these genes were specifically expressed in the appressorium. They encode proteins with pathogenesis-related functions such as enzymes involved in secondary metabolism including those encoded by the ACE1 gene cluster, small secreted proteins such as SLP2, BAS2, BAS3, and AVR-Pi9 effectors, as well as plant cuticle and cell wall degrading enzymes. Interestingly, this BIP1 network is different from other known infection-related regulatory networks, highlighting the complexity of gene expression control during plant-fungal interactions. Promoters of BIP1-regulated genes shared a GCN4/bZIP-binding DNA motif (TGACTC) binding in vitro to BIP1. Mutation of this motif in the promoter of MGG_08381.7 from the ACE1 gene cluster abolished its appressorium-specific expression, showing that BIP1 behaves as a transcriptional activator. In summary, our findings demonstrate that BIP1 is critical for the expression of early invasion-related genes in appressoria. These genes are likely needed for biotrophic invasion of the first infected host cell, but not for the penetration process itself. Through these mechanisms, the blast fungus strategically anticipates the host plant environment and responses during appressorium-mediated penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Lambou
- CNRS-Bayer Crop Science, UMR 5240 MAP, Lyon, France
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew Tag
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Lassagne
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Collemare
- CNRS-Bayer Crop Science, UMR 5240 MAP, Lyon, France
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre-Henri Clergeot
- CNRS-Bayer Crop Science, UMR 5240 MAP, Lyon, France
- ASP Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Philippe Perret
- Biochemistry Department, Bayer Crop Science SAS, Lyon, France
- Bayer S.A.S. Crop Science Division Global Toxicology- Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Didier Tharreau
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Joelle Millazo
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Elia Chartier
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ronald P. De Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Hirsch
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Pathologie Végétale, INRAE, Montfavet, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morel
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Roland Beffa
- Biochemistry Department, Bayer Crop Science SAS, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Kroj
- Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (PHIM), Montpellier University, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Terry Thomas
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marc-Henri Lebrun
- CNRS-Bayer Crop Science, UMR 5240 MAP, Lyon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR 1290 BIOGER, Palaiseau, France
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4
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Tang L, Zhai H, Zhang S, Lv Y, Li Y, Wei S, Ma P, Wei S, Hu Y, Cai J. Functional Characterization of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Fusarium graminearum. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2875. [PMID: 38138019 PMCID: PMC10745421 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), a common oxidoreductase in organisms, is an aldehyde scavenger involved in various metabolic processes. However, its function in different pathogenic fungi remains unknown. Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight in cereals, which reduces grain yield and quality and is an important global food security problem. To elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of F. graminearum, seven genes encoding ALDH were knocked out and then studied for their function. Single deletions of seven ALDH genes caused a decrease in spore production and weakened the pathogenicity. Furthermore, these deletions altered susceptibility to various abiotic stresses. FGSG_04194 is associated with a number of functions, including mycelial growth and development, stress sensitivity, pathogenicity, toxin production, and energy metabolism. FGSG_00139 and FGSG_11482 are involved in sporulation, pathogenicity, and SDH activity, while the other five genes are multifunctional. Notably, we found that FGSG_04194 has an inhibitory impact on ALDH activity, whereas FGSG_00979 has a positive impact. RNA sequencing and subcellular location analysis revealed that FGSG_04194 is responsible for biological process regulation, including glucose and lipid metabolism. Our results suggest that ALDH contributes to growth, stress responses, pathogenicity, deoxynivalenol synthesis, and mitochondrial energy metabolism in F. graminearum. Finally, ALDH presents a potential target and theoretical basis for fungicide development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huanchen Zhai
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.T.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (S.W.); (P.M.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (J.C.)
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5
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Fan X, Zhang P, Batool W, Liu C, Hu Y, Wei Y, He Z, Zhang SH. Contribution of the Tyrosinase (MoTyr) to Melanin Synthesis, Conidiogenesis, Appressorium Development, and Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030311. [PMID: 36983479 PMCID: PMC10059870 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroxynapthalene-(DHN) and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) are two types of dominant melanin in fungi. Fungal melanins with versatile functions are frequently associated with pathogenicity and stress tolerance. In rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, DHN melanin is essential to maintain the integrity of the infectious structure, appressoria; but the role of the tyrosinase-derived L-DOPA melanin is still unknown. Here, we have genetically and biologically characterized a tyrosinase gene (MoTyr) in M. oryzae. MoTyr encodes a protein of 719 amino acids that contains the typical CuA and CuB domains of tyrosinase. The deletion mutant of MoTyr (ΔMoTyr) was obtained by using a homologous recombination approach. Phenotypic analysis showed that conidiophore stalks and conidia formation was significantly reduced in ΔMoTyr. Under different concentrations of glycerol and PEG, more appressoria collapsed in the mutant strains than in the wild type, suggesting MoTyr is associated with the integrity of the appressorium wall. Melanin measurement confirmed that MoTyr loss resulted in a significant decrease in melanin synthesis. Accordingly, the loss of MoTyr stunted the conidia germination under stress conditions. Importantly, the MoTyr deletion affected both infection and pathogenesis stages. These results suggest that MoTyr, like DHN pigment synthase, plays a key role in conidiophore stalks formation, appressorium integrity, and pathogenesis of M. oryzae, revealing a potential drug target for blast disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wajjiha Batool
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chang Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yan Hu
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yi Wei
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhengquan He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU), Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Shi-Hong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Wang M, Mara P, Burgaud G, Edgcomb V, Long X, Yang H, Cai L, Li W. Metatranscriptomics and metabarcoding reveal spatiotemporal shifts in fungal communities and their activities in Chinese coastal waters. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:2750-2765. [PMID: 36852430 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Fungal communities are diverse and abundant in coastal waters, yet, their ecological roles and adaptations remain largely unknown. To address these gaps, ITS2 metabarcoding and metatranscriptomic analyses were used to capture the whole suite of fungal diversity and their metabolic potential in water column and sediments in the Yellow Sea during August and October 2019. ITS2 metabarcoding described successfully the abundance of Dikarya during August and October at the different examined habitats, but strongly underrepresented or failed to identify other fungal taxa, including zoosporic and early-diverging lineages, that were abundant in the mycobiome as uncovered by metatranscriptomes. Metatranscriptomics also revealed enriched expression of genes annotated to zoosporic fungi (e.g., chytrids) mainly in the surface water column in October. This enriched expression was correlated with the two-fold increase in chlorophyll-a intensity attributed to phytoplanktonic species which are known to be parasitized by chytrids. The concurrent high expression of genes related to calcium signalling and GTPase activity suggested that these metabolic traits facilitate the parasitic lifestyle of chytrids. Similarly, elevated expression of phagosome genes annotated to Rozellomycota, an early-diverging fungal phylum not fully detected with ITS2 metabarcoding, suggested that this taxon utilizes a suite of feeding modes, including phagotrophy in this coastal setting. Our data highlight the necessity of using combined approaches to accurately describe the community structure of coastal mycobiome. We also provide in-depth insights into the fungal ecological roles in coastal waters, and report potential metabolic mechanisms utilized by fungi to cope with environmental stresses that occur during distinct seasonal months in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Paraskevi Mara
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gaëtan Burgaud
- University of Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Plouzané, France
| | - Virginia Edgcomb
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuedan Long
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiping Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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7
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Zhang T, Wang X, Li X, Li YN, Li Y, Wu S, Xu L, Zhou R, Yang J, Li G, Liu X, Zheng X, Zhang Z, Zhang H. MoLrp1-mediated signaling induces nuclear accumulation of MoMsn2 to facilitate fatty acid oxidation for infectious growth of the rice blast fungus. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023:100561. [PMID: 36774535 PMCID: PMC10363509 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid β-oxidation is critical for fatty acid degradation and cellular development. In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, fatty acid β-oxidation is reported to be important mainly for turgor generation in the appressorium. However, the role of fatty acid β-oxidation during invasive hyphal growth is rarely documented. We demonstrated that blocking peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation impaired lipid droplet (LD) degradation and infectious growth of M. oryzae. We found that the key regulator of pathogenesis, MoMsn2, which we identified previously, is involved in fatty acid β-oxidation by targeting MoDCI1 (encoding dienoyl-coenzyme A [CoA] isomerase), which is also important for LD degradation and infectious growth. Cytological observations revealed that MoMsn2 accumulated from the cytosol to the nucleus during early infection or upon treatment with oleate. We determined that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein MoLrp1, which is also involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and infectious growth, plays a critical role in the accumulation of MoMsn2 from the cytosol to the nucleus by activating the cyclic AMP signaling pathway. Our results provide new insights into the importance of fatty acid oxidation during invasive hyphal growth, which is modulated by MoMsn2 and its related signaling pathways in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhe Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lele Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Shi W, Yang J, Chen D, Yin C, Zhang H, Xu X, Pan X, Wang R, Fei L, Li M, Qi L, Bhadauria V, Liu J, Peng YL. The rice blast fungus SR protein 1 regulates alternative splicing with unique mechanisms. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1011036. [PMID: 36480554 PMCID: PMC9767378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins are well known as splicing factors in humans, model animals and plants. However, they are largely unknown in regulating pre-mRNA splicing of filamentous fungi. Here we report that the SR protein MoSrp1 enhances and suppresses alternative splicing in a model fungal plant pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Deletion of MoSRP1 caused multiple defects, including reduced virulence and thousands of aberrant alternative splicing events in mycelia, most of which were suppressed or enhanced intron splicing. A GUAG consensus bound by MoSrp1 was identified in more than 94% of the intron or/and proximate exons having the aberrant splicing. The dual functions of regulating alternative splicing of MoSrp1 were exemplified in enhancing and suppressing the consensus-mediated efficient splicing of the introns in MoATF1 and MoMTP1, respectively, which both were important for mycelial growth, conidiation, and virulence. Interestingly, MoSrp1 had a conserved sumoylation site that was essential to nuclear localization and enhancing GUAG binding. Further, we showed that MoSrp1 interacted with a splicing factor and two components of the exon-joining complex via its N-terminal RNA recognition domain, which was required to regulate mycelial growth, development and virulence. In contrast, the C-terminus was important only for virulence and stress responses but not for mycelial growth and development. In addition, only orthologues from Pezizomycotina species could completely rescue defects of the deletion mutants. This study reveals that the fungal conserved SR protein Srp1 regulates alternative splicing in a unique manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changfa Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Pan
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijin Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwang Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlu Qi
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Vijai Bhadauria
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Overexpression of ZmSRG7 Improves Drought and Salt Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113349. [PMID: 36362140 PMCID: PMC9654355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotic stress caused by drought and high salinity is the key factor limiting plant growth. However, its underlying molecular regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found the stress-related gene Zm00001d019704 (ZmSRG7) based on transcriptome sequencing results previously obtained in the laboratory and determined its biological function in maize. We found that ZmSRG7 was significantly expressed in both roots and leaves under 10% PEG6000 or 150 mM NaCl. Subcellular localization showed that the gene was localized in the nucleus. The germination rate and root length of the ZmSRG7 overexpressing lines were significantly increased under drought or salt stress compared with the control. However, after drought stress, the survival rate and relative water content of maize were increased, while the water loss rate was slowed down. Under salt stress, the Na+ concentration and Na+: K+ ratio of maize was increased. In addition, the contents of antioxidant enzymes and proline in maize under drought or salt stress were higher than those in the control, while the contents of MDA, H2O2 and O2− were lower than those in the control. The results showed that the ZmSRG7 gene played its biological function by regulating the ROS signaling pathway. An interaction between ZmSRG7 and the Zmdhn1 protein was found using a yeast two-hybrid experiment. These results suggest that the ZmSRG7 gene can improve maize tolerance to drought or salt by regulating hydrogen peroxide homeostasis.
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Shabbir A, Batool W, Yu D, Lin L, An Q, Xiaomin C, Guo H, Yuan S, Malota S, Wang Z, Norvienyeku J. Magnaporthe oryzae Chloroplast Targeting Endo-β-1,4-Xylanase I MoXYL1A Regulates Conidiation, Appressorium Maturation and Virulence of the Rice Blast Fungus. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:44. [PMID: 35960402 PMCID: PMC9374862 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endo-β-1,4-Xylanases are a group of extracellular enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan, a principal constituent of the plant primary cell wall. The contribution of Endo-β-1,4-Xylanase I to both physiology and pathogenesis of the rice blast fungus M. oryzae is unknown. Here, we characterized the biological function of two endoxylanase I (MoXYL1A and MoXYL1B) genes in the development of M. oryzae using targeted gene deletion, biochemical analysis, and fluorescence microscopy. Phenotypic analysis of ∆Moxyl1A strains showed that MoXYL1A is required for the full virulence of M. oryzae but is dispensable for the vegetative growth of the rice blast fungus. MoXYL1B, in contrast, did not have a clear role in the infectious cycle but has a critical function in asexual reproduction of the fungus. The double deletion mutant was severely impaired in pathogenicity and virulence as well as asexual development. We found that MoXYL1A deletion compromised appressorium morphogenesis and function, leading to failure to penetrate host cells. Fluorescently tagged MoXYL1A and MoXYL1B displayed cytoplasmic localization in M. oryzae, while analysis of MoXYL1A-GFP and MoXYL1B-GFP in-planta revealed translocation and accumulation of these effector proteins into host cells. Meanwhile, sequence feature analysis showed that MoXYL1A possesses a transient chloroplast targeting signal peptide, and results from an Agrobacterium infiltration assay confirmed co-localization of MoXYL1A-GFP with ChCPN10C-RFP in the chloroplasts of host cells. MoXYL1B, accumulated to the cytoplasm of the host. Taken together, we conclude that MoXYL1A is a secreted effector protein that likely promotes the virulence of M. oryzae by interfering in the proper functioning of the host chloroplast, while the related xylanase MoXYL1B does not have a major role in virulence of M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammarah Shabbir
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Wajjiha Batool
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Lili Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Qiuli An
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Chen Xiaomin
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Hengyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Sekete Malota
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
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Batool W, Liu C, Fan X, Zhang P, Hu Y, Wei Y, Zhang SH. AGC/AKT Protein Kinase SCH9 Is Critical to Pathogenic Development and Overwintering Survival in Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080810. [PMID: 36012798 PMCID: PMC9410157 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary inoculum that survives overwintering is one of the key factors that determine the outbreak of plant disease. Pathogenic resting structures, such as chlamydospores, are an ideal inoculum for plant disease. Puzzlingly, Magnaporthe oryzae, a devastating fungal pathogen responsible for blast disease in rice, hardly form any morphologically changed resting structures, and we hypothesize that M. oryzae mainly relies on its physiological alteration to survive overwintering or other harsh environments. However, little progress on research into regulatory genes that facilitate the overwintering of rice blast pathogens has been made so far. Serine threonine protein kinase AGC/AKT, MoSch9, plays an important role in the spore-mediated pathogenesis of M. oryzae. Building on this finding, we discovered that in genetic and biological terms, MoSch9 plays a critical role in conidiophore stalk formation, hyphal-mediated pathogenesis, cold stress tolerance, and overwintering survival of M. oryzae. We discovered that the formation of conidiophore stalks and disease propagation using spores was severely compromised in the mutant strains, whereas hyphal-mediated pathogenesis and the root infection capability of M. oryzae were completely eradicated due to MoSch9 deleted mutants’ inability to form an appressorium-like structure. Most importantly, the functional and transcriptomic study of wild-type and MoSch9 mutant strains showed that MoSch9 plays a regulatory role in cold stress tolerance of M. oryzae through the transcription regulation of secondary metabolite synthesis, ATP hydrolyzing, and cell wall integrity proteins during osmotic stress and cold temperatures. From these results, we conclude that MoSch9 is essential for fungal infection-related morphogenesis and overwintering of M. oryzae.
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Guo Z, Sun X, Qin L, Dong L, Xiong L, Xie F, Qin D, Chen Y. Identification of Golovinomyces artemisiae Causing Powdery Mildew, Changes in Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters, and Antioxidant Levels in Artemisia selengensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:876050. [PMID: 35720542 PMCID: PMC9204253 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.876050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia selengensis Turcz. is a valuable edible and medicinal vegetable crop widely cultivated in Northeast China. Powdery mildew (PM) disease occurs during field and greenhouse cultivation, resulting in production losses and quality deterioration. The pathogen in A. selengensis was Golovinomyces artemisiae identified using optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observations, morphological identification, and molecular biological analyses. Parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) and antioxidant system responses as well as callose and lignin contents in A. selengensis were analyzed with inoculating G. artemisiae. Obvious of PM-infected leaves were confirmed with significantly lower values in electron transport rate (ETR), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), photochemical quenching (qP), and actual photochemical efficiency [Y(II)], but higher values in non-adjusting energy dissipation yield [Y(NO)], supposed that maximal photosystem II quantum yield (Fv/Fm) value and images could be used to monitor PM degree on infectedA. selengensis. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (O2 -), callose, lignin contents, and peroxidase (POD) activity increased, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, and ascorbic acid (AsA) content decreased significantly in infected leaves compared to mock-inoculated leaves, indicated that lignin and protective enzymes are the key indicators for detecting PM resistant in A. selengensis. These results suggest that PM caused by G. artemisiae disrupted the photosynthetic capacity and induced imbalance of antioxidant system inA. selengensis. The findings were of great significance for designing a feasible approach to effectively prevent and control the PM disease in A. selengensis as well as in other vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ligang Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Dong
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liangbing Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fuchun Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Qin
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Mena E, Garaycochea S, Stewart S, Montesano M, Ponce De León I. Comparative genomics of plant pathogenic Diaporthe species and transcriptomics of Diaporthe caulivora during host infection reveal insights into pathogenic strategies of the genus. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:175. [PMID: 35240994 PMCID: PMC8896106 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diaporthe caulivora is a fungal pathogen causing stem canker in soybean worldwide. The generation of genomic and transcriptomic information of this ascomycete, together with a comparative genomic approach with other pathogens of this genus, will contribute to get insights into the molecular basis of pathogenicity strategies used by D. caulivora and other Diaporthe species. Results In the present work, the nuclear genome of D. caulivora isolate (D57) was resolved, and a comprehensive annotation based on gene expression and genomic analysis is provided. Diaporthe caulivora D57 has an estimated size of 57,86 Mb and contains 18,385 predicted protein-coding genes, from which 1501 encode predicted secreted proteins. A large array of D. caulivora genes encoding secreted pathogenicity-related proteins was identified, including carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), necrosis-inducing proteins, oxidoreductases, proteases and effector candidates. Comparative genomics with other plant pathogenic Diaporthe species revealed a core secretome present in all Diaporthe species as well as Diaporthe-specific and D. caulivora-specific secreted proteins. Transcriptional profiling during early soybean infection stages showed differential expression of 2659 D. caulivora genes. Expression patterns of upregulated genes and gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that host infection strategies depends on plant cell wall degradation and modification, detoxification of compounds, transporter activities and toxin production. Increased expression of effectors candidates suggests that D. caulivora pathogenicity also rely on plant defense evasion. A high proportion of the upregulated genes correspond to the core secretome and are represented in the pathogen-host interaction (PHI) database, which is consistent with their potential roles in pathogenic strategies of the genus Diaporthe. Conclusions Our findings give novel and relevant insights into the molecular traits involved in pathogenicity of D. caulivora towards soybean plants. Some of these traits are in common with other Diaporthe pathogens with different host specificity, while others are species-specific. Our analyses also highlight the importance to have a deeper understanding of pathogenicity functions among Diaporthe pathogens and their interference with plant defense activation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08413-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilyn Mena
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvia Garaycochea
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48 Km 10, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Stewart
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa Cultivos de Secano, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Marcos Montesano
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Ponce De León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Brouwer SM, Brus-Szkalej M, Saripella GV, Liang D, Liljeroth E, Grenville-Briggs LJ. Transcriptome Analysis of Potato Infected with the Necrotrophic Pathogen Alternaria solani. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2212. [PMID: 34686023 PMCID: PMC8539873 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Potato early blight is caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani and can result in yield losses of up to 50% if left uncontrolled. At present, the disease is controlled by chemical fungicides, yet rapid development of fungicide resistance renders current control strategies unsustainable. On top of that, a lack of understanding of potato defences and the quantitative nature of resistance mechanisms against early blight hinders the development of more sustainable control methods. Necrotrophic pathogens, compared to biotrophs, pose an extra challenge to the plant, since common defence strategies to biotic stresses such as the hypersensitive response and programmed cell death are often beneficial for necrotrophs. With the aim of unravelling plant responses to both the early infection stages (i.e., before necrosis), such as appressorium formation and penetration, as well as to later responses to the onset of necrosis, we present here a transcriptome analysis of potato interactions with A. solani from 1 h after inoculation when the conidia have just commenced germination, to 48 h post inoculation when multiple cell necrosis has begun. Potato transcripts with putative functions related to biotic stress tolerance and defence against pathogens were upregulated, including a putative Nudix hydrolase that may play a role in defence against oxidative stress. A. solani transcripts encoding putative pathogenicity factors, such as cell wall degrading enzymes and metabolic processes that may be important for infection. We therefore identified the differential expression of several potato and A. solani transcripts that present a group of valuable candidates for further studies into their roles in immunity or disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M. Brouwer
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.B.-S.); (D.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Maja Brus-Szkalej
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.B.-S.); (D.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Ganapathi V. Saripella
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.B.-S.); (D.L.); (E.L.)
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Erland Liljeroth
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.B.-S.); (D.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Laura J. Grenville-Briggs
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.B.-S.); (D.L.); (E.L.)
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15
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Wang Y, Li J, Chen Q, Zhou J, Xu J, Zhao T, Huang B, Miao Y, Liu D. The role of antifungal activity of ethyl acetate extract from Artemisia argyi on Verticillium dahliae. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1343-1356. [PMID: 34496104 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the antifungal activity and mechanisms of ethyl acetate extract of Artemisia argyi (EAAA) against Verticillium dahliae. METHODS AND RESULTS Optical and scanning electron microscopy observation showed that 2.0 mg ml-1 EAAA treatment reduced spore germination rate to 4.56%. Histochemical staining showed that 2.0 mg ml-1 EAAA treatment increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) by more than two times. Physiological test showed that EAAA treatment decreased the contents of soluble proteins and sugars, and reduced the activities of malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase by nearly half. Transcriptome analysis showed that EAAA treatment down-regulated the expression of genes involved in primary metabolic pathways of V. dahliae. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that EAAA inhibited the growth and development of V. dahliae from multiple levels and multiple targets, including inhibiting the germination and development of V. dahliae spores, destroying the structure of cell membranes, inducing ROS burst, reducing the activities of respiratory-related enzymes and down-regulating the expression of genes in primary metabolic pathways. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The mechanism of the multitarget effects of EAAA against V. dahliae may limit the potential of fungus developing resistance and provide the efficient methods to control verticillium wilt disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinxin Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiaohuan Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bisheng Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhuan Miao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dahui Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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16
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Pérez-Torres CA, Ibarra-Laclette E, Hernández-Domínguez EE, Rodríguez-Haas B, Pérez-Lira AJ, Villafán E, Alonso-Sánchez A, García-Ávila CDJ, Ramírez-Pool JA, Sánchez-Rangel D. Molecular evidence of the avocado defense response to Fusarium kuroshium infection: a deep transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11215. [PMID: 33954045 PMCID: PMC8052963 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium kuroshium is a novel member of the Ambrosia Fusarium Clade (AFC) that has been recognized as one of the symbionts of the invasive Kuroshio shot hole borer, an Asian ambrosia beetle. This complex is considered the causal agent of Fusarium dieback, a disease that has severely threatened natural forests, landscape trees, and avocado orchards in the last 8 years. Despite the interest in this species, the molecular responses of both the host and F. kuroshium during the infection process and disease establishment remain unknown. In this work, we established an in vitro pathosystem using Hass avocado stems inoculated with F. kuroshium to investigate differential gene expression at 1, 4, 7 and 14 days post-inoculation. RNA-seq technology allowed us to obtain data from both the plant and the fungus, and the sequences obtained from both organisms were analyzed independently. The pathosystem established was able to mimic Fusarium dieback symptoms, such as carbohydrate exudation, necrosis, and vascular tissue discoloration. The results provide interesting evidence regarding the genes that may play roles in the avocado defense response to Fusarium dieback disease. The avocado data set comprised a coding sequence collection of 51,379 UniGenes, from which 2,403 (4.67%) were identified as differentially expressed. The global expression analysis showed that F. kuroshium responsive UniGenes can be clustered into six groups according to their expression profiles. The biologically relevant functional categories that were identified included photosynthesis as well as responses to stress, hormones, abscisic acid, and water deprivation. Additionally, processes such as oxidation-reduction, organization and biogenesis of the cell wall and polysaccharide metabolism were detected. Moreover, we identified orthologues of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich receptors, and their possible action mode was analyzed. In F. kuroshium, we identified 57 differentially expressed genes. Interestingly, the alcohol metabolic process biological category had the highest number of upregulated genes, and the enzyme group in this category may play an important role in the mechanisms of secondary metabolite detoxification. Hydrolytic enzymes, such as endoglucanases and a pectate lyase, were also identified, as well as some proteases. In conclusion, our research was conducted mainly to explain how the vascular tissue of a recognized host of the ambrosia complex responds during F. kuroshium infection since Fusarium dieback is an ambrosia beetle-vectored disease and many variables facilitate its establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia-Anahí Pérez-Torres
- Catedrático CONACyT en la Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | | | | | - Alan-Josué Pérez-Lira
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Emanuel Villafán
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Clemente de Jesús García-Ávila
- Centro Nacional de Referencia Fitosanitaria, Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Tecámac, Estado de México, México
| | - José-Abrahán Ramírez-Pool
- Centro Nacional de Referencia Fitosanitaria, Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria, Tecámac, Estado de México, México.,Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diana Sánchez-Rangel
- Catedrático CONACyT en la Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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17
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Lin L, Cao J, Du A, An Q, Chen X, Yuan S, Batool W, Shabbir A, Zhang D, Wang Z, Norvienyeku J. eIF3k Domain-Containing Protein Regulates Conidiogenesis, Appressorium Turgor, Virulence, Stress Tolerance, and Physiological and Pathogenic Development of Magnaporthe oryzae Oryzae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748120. [PMID: 34733303 PMCID: PMC8558559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) complex consists of essential and non-essential sub-complexes. Non-essential eIF3 complex subunits, such as eIF3e, eIF3j, eIF3k, and eIF3l, modulate stress tolerance and enhance the lifespan of Neurospora crassa and Caenorhabditis elegans. However, there is limited knowledge of the role of the non-essential eIF3 sub-complex in the pathophysiological development of plant fungal pathogens. Here, we deployed genetic and biochemical techniques to explore the influence of a hypothetical protein containing eIF3k domain in Magnaporthe oryzae Oryzae (MoOeIF3k) on reproduction, hyphae morphogenesis, stress tolerance, and pathogenesis. Also, the targeted disruption of MoOeIF3k suppressed vegetative growth and asexual sporulation in ΔMoOeif3k strains significantly. We demonstrated that MoOeIF3k promotes the initiation and development of the rice blast disease by positively regulating the mobilization and degradation of glycogen, appressorium integrity, host penetration, and colonization during host-pathogen interaction. For the first time, we demonstrated that the eIF3k subunit supports the survival of the blast fungus by suppressing vegetative growth and possibly regulating the conversions and utilization of stored cellular energy reserves under starvation conditions. We also observed that the deletion of MoOeIF3k accelerated ribosomal RNA (rRNA) generation in the ΔMoOeif3k strains with a corresponding increase in total protein output. In summary, this study unravels the pathophysiological significance of eIF3k filamentous fungi. The findings also underscored the need to systematically evaluate the individual subunits of the non-essential eIF3 sub-complex during host-pathogen interaction. Further studies are required to unravel the influence of synergetic coordination between translation and transcriptional regulatory machinery on the pathogenesis of filamentous fungi pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Anqiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuli An
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wajjiha Batool
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ammarah Shabbir
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Zonghua Wang,
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Justice Norvienyeku,
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Batool W, Shabbir A, Lin L, Chen X, An Q, He X, Pan S, Chen S, Chen Q, Wang Z, Norvienyeku J. Translation Initiation Factor eIF4E Positively Modulates Conidiogenesis, Appressorium Formation, Host Invasion and Stress Homeostasis in the Filamentous Fungi Magnaporthe oryzae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646343. [PMID: 34220879 PMCID: PMC8244596 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Translation initiation factor eIF4E generally mediates the recognition of the 5'cap structure of mRNA during the recruitment of the ribosomes to capped mRNA. Although the eIF4E has been shown to regulate stress response in Schizosaccharomyces pombe positively, there is no direct experimental evidence for the contributions of eIF4E to both physiological and pathogenic development of filamentous fungi. We generated Magnaporthe oryzae eIF4E (MoeIF4E3) gene deletion strains using homologous recombination strategies. Phenotypic and biochemical analyses of MoeIF4E3 defective strains showed that the deletion of MoeIF4E3 triggered a significant reduction in growth and conidiogenesis. We also showed that disruption of MoeIF4E3 partially impaired conidia germination, appressorium integrity and attenuated the pathogenicity of ΔMoeif4e3 strains. In summary, this study provides experimental insights into the contributions of the eIF4E3 to the development of filamentous fungi. Additionally, these observations underscored the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the translational regulatory machinery in phytopathogenic fungi during pathogen-host interaction progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajjiha Batool
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ammarah Shabbir
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuli An
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiongjie He
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shu Pan
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuzun Chen
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinghe Chen
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zonghua Wang,
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Justice Norvienyeku, ;
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Tola AJ, Jaballi A, Germain H, Missihoun TD. Recent Development on Plant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzymes and Their Functions in Plant Development and Stress Signaling. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010051. [PMID: 33396326 PMCID: PMC7823795 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently causes the excessive accumulation of aldehydes in cells. Stress-derived aldehydes are commonly designated as reactive electrophile species (RES) as a result of the presence of an electrophilic α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that metabolize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde molecules by oxidizing them to their corresponding carboxylic acids. The ALDH enzymes are found in nearly all organisms, and plants contain fourteen ALDH protein families. In this review, we performed a critical analysis of the research reports over the last decade on plant ALDHs. Newly discovered roles for these enzymes in metabolism, signaling and development have been highlighted and discussed. We concluded with suggestions for future investigations to exploit the potential of these enzymes in biotechnology and to improve our current knowledge about these enzymes in gene signaling and plant development.
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Guo J, Sun W, Liu H, Chi J, Odiba AS, Li G, Jin L, Xin C. Aldehyde dehydrogenase plays crucial roles in response to lower temperature stress in Solanum tuberosum and Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 297:110525. [PMID: 32563465 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of ALDH2B7a during the response to lower temperature in Solanum tuberosum. This gene was found to have altered intragenic DNA methylation status in our previous reports. A total of 18 orthologs of StALDH2B7a were identified in the S. tuberosum genome, which were then divided into 8 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) subfamilies. The methylation statuses of four intragenic cytosine sites in intron 5 and exon 6 of genomic StALDH2B7a were altered by lower temperature stress, resulting in changes in the expression of StALDH2B7a. Silencing of NbALDH2C4, a homolog of StALDH2B7a in Nicotiana benthamiana, resulted in plants which were sensitive to lower temperature and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). These data suggested that the expression of StALDH2B7a was upregulated by alteration of its intragenic cytosine methylation status during lower temperature stress, and additional StALDH2B7a enzymes scavenged excess aldehydes resulting from ROS in a response to cold stress in potato. Our study expands the understanding of the mechanisms involved in plant responses to lower temperature, and provides a new gene source to improve potato tolerance to cold stress in northern China, where lower temperature is one of the key limiting factors for crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Hanyang Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Junling Chi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Arome Solomon Odiba
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Guangcun Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Jin
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
| | - Cuihua Xin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China.
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21
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e Silva KSF, Lima RM, Baeza LC, Lima PDS, Cordeiro TDM, Charneau S, da Silva RA, Soares CMDA, Pereira M. Interactome of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Points to the Existence of Metabolons in Paracoccidioides lutzii. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1537. [PMID: 31338083 PMCID: PMC6629890 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides is a dimorphic fungus, the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis. The disease is endemic within Latin America and prevalent in Brazil. The treatment is based on azoles, sulfonamides and amphotericin B. The seeking for new treatment approaches is a real necessity for neglected infections. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an essential glycolytic enzyme, well known for its multitude of functions within cells, therefore categorized as a moonlight protein. To our knowledge, this is the first approach performed on the Paracoccidioides genus regarding the description of PPIs having GAPDH as a target. Here, we show an overview of experimental GAPDH interactome in different phases of Paracoccidioides lutzii and an in silico analysis of 18 proteins partners. GAPDH interacted with 207 proteins in P. lutzii. Several proteins bound to GAPDH in mycelium, transition and yeast phases are common to important pathways such as glycolysis and TCA. We performed a co-immunoprecipitation assay to validate the complex formed by GAPDH with triose phosphate isomerase, enolase, isocitrate lyase and 2-methylcitrate synthase. We found GAPDH participating in complexes with proteins of specific pathways, indicating the existence of a glycolytic and a TCA metabolon in P. lutzii. GAPDH interacted with several proteins that undergoes regulation by nitrosylation. In addition, we modeled the GAPDH 3-D structure, performed molecular dynamics and molecular docking in order to identify the interacting interface between GAPDH and the interacting proteins. Despite the large number of interacting proteins, GAPDH has only four main regions of contact with interacting proteins, reflecting its ancestrality and conservation over evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raisa Melo Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cristiane Baeza
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Sousa Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Thuany de Moura Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt Alves da Silva
- Núcleo Colaborativo de Biossistemas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Genome-wide characterization of ALDH Superfamily in Brassica rapa and enhancement of stress tolerance in heterologous hosts by BrALDH7B2 expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7012. [PMID: 31065035 PMCID: PMC6505040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) carries out oxidation of toxic aldehydes using NAD+/NADP+ as cofactors. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide identification and expression analysis of genes in the ALDH gene family in Brassica rapa. A total of 23 ALDH genes in the superfamily have been identified according to the classification of ALDH Gene Nomenclature Committee (AGNC). They were distributed unevenly across all 10 chromosomes. All the 23 Brassica rapa ALDH (BrALDH) genes exhibited varied expression patterns during treatments with abiotic stress inducers and hormonal treatments. The relative expression profiles of ALDH genes in B. rapa showed that they are predominantly expressed in leaves and stem suggesting their function in the vegetative tissues. BrALDH7B2 showed a strong response to abiotic stress and hormonal treatments as compared to other ALDH genes; therefore, it was overexpressed in heterologous hosts, E. coli and yeast to study its possible function under abiotic stress conditions. Over-expression of BrALDH7B2 in heterologous systems, E. coli and yeast cells conferred significant tolerance to abiotic stress treatments. Results from this work demonstrate that BrALDH genes are a promising and untapped genetic resource for crop improvement and could be deployed further in the development of drought and salinity tolerance in B. rapa and other economically important crops.
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Na + and Cl - induce differential physiological, biochemical responses and metabolite modulations in vitro in contrasting salt-tolerant soybean genotypes. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:91. [PMID: 30800602 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloride and sodium constitute as the major ions in most saline soils, contributing to salt-induced damage in plants. Research on salt tolerance has mostly concentrated on the sodium toxicity; however, chloride toxicity also needs to be considered to understand the physiological, biochemical, and metabolite changes under individual and additive salts. In this study, we investigated the effect of individual Na+ and/or Cl- ions (equimolar 100 mM NaCl, Na+ and Cl- salts) using in vitro cultures of four soybean genotypes with contrasting salt tolerance. In general, all the treatments significantly induced antioxidant enzymes activities such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase and osmolytes including proline, glycine betaine, and total soluble sugar (TSS). Both individual (Na+, Cl-) and additive (NaCl) stresses induced more pronounced activation of antioxidant enzyme machinery and osmolytes accumulation in the tolerant genotypes (MAUS-47 and Bragg). The sensitive genotypes (Gujosoya-2 and SL-295) showed higher accumulation of Na+ and Cl-, while the tolerant genotypes were found to maintain a low Na+/K+ and high Ca2+ level in combination with enhanced antioxidant defense and osmotic adjustment. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic profiling depicted the association of certain metabolites under individualistic and additive salt effects. The genotype-specific metabolic changes indicated probable involvement of azetidine, 2-furanmethanol, 1,4-dioxin, 3-fluorothiophene, decanoic acid and 2-propenoic acid methyl ester in salt-tolerance mechanism of soybean.
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Aliyu SR, Lin L, Chen X, Abdul W, Lin Y, Otieno FJ, Shabbir A, Batool W, Zhang Y, Tang W, Wang Z, Norvienyeku J. Disruption of putative short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases compromised free radical scavenging, conidiogenesis, and pathogenesis of Magnaporthe oryzae. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 127:23-34. [PMID: 30822500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (Scad) mediated β-oxidation serves as the fastest route for generating essential energies required to support the survival of organisms under stress or starvation. In this study, we identified three putative SCAD genes in the genome of the globally destructive rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, named as MoSCAD1, MoSCAD2, and MoSCAD3. To elucidate their function, we deployed targeted gene deletion strategy to investigate individual and the combined influence of MoSCAD genes on growth, stress tolerance, conidiation and pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus. First, localization and co-localization results obtained from this study showed that MoScad1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), MoScad2 localizes exclusively to the mitochondria while MoScad3 partially localizes to the mitochondria and peroxisome at all developmental stages of M. oryzae. Results obtained from this investigation showed that the deletion of MoSCAD1 and MoSCAD2 caused a minimal but significant reduction in the growth of ΔMoscad1 and ΔMoscad2 strains, while, growth characteristics exhibited by the ΔMoscad3 strain was similar to the wild-type strain. Furthermore, we observed that deletion of MoSCAD2 resulted in drastic reduction in conidiation, delayed conidia germination, triggered the development of abnormal appressorium and suppressed host penetration and colonization efficiencies of the ΔMoscad1 strain. This study provides first material evidence confirming the possible existence of ER β-oxidation pathway in M. oryzae. We also infer that mitochondria β-oxidation rather than peroxisomal and ER β-oxidation play an essential role in the vegetative growth, conidiation, appressorial morphogenesis and progression of pathogenesis in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Rukaiya Aliyu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lili Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Waheed Abdul
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yahong Lin
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Frankine Jagero Otieno
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ammarah Shabbir
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wajjiha Batool
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, The School of Life Sciences, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Anand G, Waiger D, Vital N, Maman J, Ma LJ, Covo S. How Does Fusarium oxysporum Sense and Respond to Nicotinaldehyde, an Inhibitor of the NAD + Salvage Biosynthesis Pathway? Front Microbiol 2019; 10:329. [PMID: 30873138 PMCID: PMC6400851 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi are a major threat to food security and impose a severe economic burden, thus there is a continuous need to develop new strategies to manage them. NAD+ is a co-factor in numerous enzymatic activities and determines the metabolic fate of the cell. Therefore, maintenance of NAD+ concentration is important for cellular viability. Consequently, the NAD+ biosynthetic pathway and redox homeostasis was suggested as a target for antifungal development. We aimed to study how Fusarium oxysporum senses and responds to nicotinaldehyde (NA), an inhibitor of Pnc1, a key enzyme in the salvage pathway of NAD+ biosynthesis. We were able to show that NA was inhibitory in high concentrations to several fungal plant pathogens, with much milder effects on tomato growth. Under low nutrient conditions NA reduced the total amounts of NAD+ in the fungal cell, a trend that was also observed in rich media, although without statistical significance. In low and high nutrient availability NA dramatically reduced the NAD+/NADH ratio. After exposure to NA, NADH levels were increased and NAD+ levels and the biomass were greatly reduced. Cells responded to NA by up-regulation of oxidoreductases, with hardly any up-regulation of the classic response to oxidative stress. Direct measurement of oxidative stress response showed that unlike formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide, NA caused reductive rather than oxidative stress. Surprisingly, alcohol dehydrogenases were significantly up-regulated more than any other dehydrogenases, including aldehyde dehydrogenases. We propose that conidia of F. oxysporum efficiently detoxified the aldehyde group of NA by reducing NAD+ to NADH; the high concentrations of the latter provoked the expression of alcohol dehydrogenases that in yeast can act to reduce NADH and increase NAD+ amounts, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that targeting NAD+ biosynthesis pathway and redox homeostasis can be a potential approach to manage fungal plant pathogens. Many of the natural antifungal compounds produced by bio-control agents or even the natural biome are aldehydes, and thus the results presented here predict the possible response of Fusarium to wide sources of toxicity in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Anand
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Waiger
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nuria Vital
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacob Maman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Li Jun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Shay Covo
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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