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Akhtar K, Ain NU, Prasad PVV, Naz M, Aslam MM, Djalovic I, Riaz M, Ahmad S, Varshney RK, He B, Wen R. Physiological, molecular, and environmental insights into plant nitrogen uptake, and metabolism under abiotic stresses. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20461. [PMID: 38797919 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) as an inorganic macronutrient is inevitable for plant growth, development, and biomass production. Many external factors and stresses, such as acidity, alkalinity, salinity, temperature, oxygen, and rainfall, affect N uptake and metabolism in plants. The uptake of ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrate (NO3 -) in plants mainly depends on soil properties. Under the sufficient availability of NO3 - (>1 mM), low-affinity transport system is activated by gene network NRT1, and under low NO3 - availability (<1 mM), high-affinity transport system starts functioning encoded by NRT2 family of genes. Further, under limited N supply due to edaphic and climatic factors, higher expression of the AtNRT2.4 and AtNRT2.5T genes of the NRT2 family occur and are considered as N remobilizing genes. The NH4 + ion is the final form of N assimilated by cells mediated through the key enzymes glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. The WRKY1 is a major transcription factor of the N regulation network in plants. However, the transcriptome and metabolite profiles show variations in N assimilation metabolites, including glycine, glutamine, and aspartate, under abiotic stresses. The overexpression of NO3 - transporters (OsNRT2.3a and OsNRT1.1b) can significantly improve the biomass and yield of various crops. Altering the expression levels of genes could be a valuable tool to improve N metabolism under the challenging conditions of soil and environment, such as unfavorable temperature, drought, salinity, heavy metals, and nutrient stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Akhtar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Noor Ul Ain
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - P V Vara Prasad
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (CAFNR), Division of Plant Sciences & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bing He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ronghui Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Vergara-Diaz O, Velasco-Serrano E, Invernón-Garrido A, Katamadze A, Yoldi-Achalandabaso A, Serret MD, Vicente R. Quinoa panicles contribute to carbon assimilation and are more tolerant to salt stress than leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 292:154161. [PMID: 38142485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Contribution of inflorescences to seed filling have attracted great attention given the resilience of this photosynthetic organ to stressful conditions. However, studies have been almost exclusively focused to small grain cereals. In this study, we aimed to explore these responses in quinoa, as a climate resilient seed crop of elevated economic and nutritious potential. We compared the physiological and metabolic performance of panicles and leaves of two quinoa cultivars growing under contrasting salinity levels. Plant growth, photosynthetic and transpiratory gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were monitored in inflorescences and leaves throughout the experiment. At flowering stage, young and mature leaves and panicles were sampled for key metabolic markers related to carbon, nitrogen and secondary metabolisms. When subjected to salt stress, panicles showed attenuated declines on photosynthesis, water use, pigments, amino acids, and protein levels as compared to leaves. In fact, the assimilation rates, together with a high hexose content evidenced an active photosynthetic role of the panicle under optimal and salt stress conditions. Moreover, we also found significant genotypic variability for physiological and metabolic traits of panicles and leaves, which emphasizes the study of genotype-dependent stress responses at the whole plant level. We conclude that quinoa panicles are less affected by salt stress than leaves, which encourages further research and exploitation of this organ for crop improvement and stress resilience considering the high natural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Vergara-Diaz
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Elena Velasco-Serrano
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Alicia Invernón-Garrido
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Artūrs Katamadze
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Ander Yoldi-Achalandabaso
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; FisioClimaCO(2) Group, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Maria Dolores Serret
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Chaudhary N, Walia S, Kumar R. Functional composition, physiological effect and agronomy of future food quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): A review. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Cun Z, Xu XZ, Zhang JY, Shuang SP, Wu HM, An TX, Chen JW. Responses of photosystem to long-term light stress in a typically shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1095726. [PMID: 36714733 PMCID: PMC9878349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1095726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic adaptive strategies vary with the growth irradiance. The potential photosynthetic adaptive strategies of shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen to long-term high light and low light remains unclear. Photosynthetic performance, photosynthesis-related pigments, leaves anatomical characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities were comparatively determined in P. notoginseng grown under different light regimes. The thickness of the upper epidermis, palisade tissue, and lower epidermis were declined with increasing growth irradiance. Low-light-grown leaves were declined in transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Cond), but intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) and net photosynthesis rate (P n) had opposite trends. The maximum photo-oxidation P 700 + (P m) was greatly reduced in 29.8% full sunlight (FL) plants; The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F v/F m) in 0.2% FL plants was significantly lowest. Electron transport, thermal dissipation, and the effective quantum yield of PSI [Y(I)] and PSII [Y(II)] were declined in low-light-grown plants compared with high-light-grown P. notoginseng. The minimum value of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII [Y(NO)] was recorded in 0.2% FL P. notoginseng. OJIP kinetic curve showed that relative variable fluorescence at J-phase (V J) and the ratio of variable fluorescent F K occupying the F J-F O amplitude (W k) were significantly increased in 0.2% FL plants. However, the increase in W k was lower than the increase in V J. In conclusion, PSI photoinhibition is the underlying sensitivity of the typically shade-tolerant species P. notoginseng to high light, and the photodamage to PSII acceptor side might cause the typically shade-tolerant plants to be unsuitable for long-term low light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang-Zeng Xu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Research Center for Collection and Utilization of Tropical Crop Resources, Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Pu Shuang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tong-Xin An
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Wu S, Tian J, Ren T, Wang Y. Osmotic Adjustment and Antioxidant System Regulated by Nitrogen Deposition Improve Photosynthetic and Growth Performance and Alleviate Oxidative Damage in Dwarf Bamboo Under Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819071. [PMID: 35498701 PMCID: PMC9047053 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dwarf bamboo (Fargesia denudata) is a staple food for the endangered giant pandas and plays a critical role in the sub-alpine ecosystem. Characterized by shallow roots and expeditious growth, it is exceedingly susceptible to drought stress and nitrogen (N) deposition in the context of a changing global environment. However, a comprehensive picture about the interactive response mechanism of dwarf bamboo to the two factors, water regime and N deposition, is far from being given. Therefore, a completely randomized design with two factors of water regimes (well-watered and water-stressed) and N deposition levels (with and without N addition) of F. denudata was conducted. In view of the obtained results, drought stress had an adverse impact on F. denudata, showing that it destroyed ultrastructure integrity and induced oxidative damage and restricted water status in leaves and roots, as well as declined photosynthetic efficiency in leaves, especially in N non-deposition plants. Nevertheless, F. denudata significantly increased heat dissipation in leaves, regulated antioxidant enzymes activities, antioxidants contents, and osmoregulation substances concentrations in leaves and roots, as well as shifted biomass partitioning in response to drought stress. However, regardless of water availability, N deposition maintained better ultrastructure in leaves and roots, resulting in superior photosynthesis and growth of F. denudata. Additionally, although N deposition did not cause oxidative damage in well-watered plants, ameliorated the effects of drought stress on F. denudata through co-deploying heat dissipation in leaves, the antioxidant system in roots as well as osmotic adjustment in leaves and roots. Noticeably, the leaves and roots of F. denudata expressed quite distinct acclimation responses to drought resistance under N deposition.
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Cun Z, Wu HM, Zhang JY, Shuang SP, Hong J, Chen JW. Responses of Linear and Cyclic Electron Flow to Nitrogen Stress in an N-Sensitive Species Panax notoginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:796931. [PMID: 35242152 PMCID: PMC8885595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.796931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a primary factor limiting leaf photosynthesis. However, the mechanism of N-stress-driven photoinhibition of the photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) is still unclear in the N-sensitive species such as Panax notoginseng, and thus the role of electron transport in PSII and PSI photoinhibition needs to be further understood. We comparatively analyzed photosystem activity, photosynthetic rate, excitation energy distribution, electron transport, OJIP kinetic curve, P700 dark reduction, and antioxidant enzyme activities in low N (LN), moderate N (MN), and high N (HN) leaves treated with linear electron flow (LEF) inhibitor [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU)] and cyclic electron flow (CEF) inhibitor (methyl viologen, MV). The results showed that the increased application of N fertilizer significantly enhance leaf N contents and specific leaf N (SLN). Net photosynthetic rate (P n) was lower in HN and LN plants than in MN ones. Maximum photochemistry efficiency of PSII (F v/F m), maximum photo-oxidation P700+ (P m), electron transport rate of PSI (ETRI), electron transport rate of PSII (ETRII), and plastoquinone (PQ) pool size were lower in the LN plants. More importantly, K phase and CEF were higher in the LN plants. Additionally, there was not a significant difference in the activity of antioxidant enzyme between the MV- and H2O-treated plants. The results obtained suggest that the lower LEF leads to the hindrance of the formation of ΔpH and ATP in LN plants, thereby damaging the donor side of the PSII oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). The over-reduction of PSI acceptor side is the main cause of PSI photoinhibition under LN condition. Higher CEF and antioxidant enzyme activity not only protected PSI from photodamage but also slowed down the damage rate of PSII in P. notoginseng grown under LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Pu Shuang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Hong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Portillo-Nava C, Guerrero-Esperanza M, Guerrero-Rangel A, Guevara-Domínguez P, Martínez-Gallardo N, Nava-Sandoval C, Ordaz-Ortiz J, Sánchez-Segura L, Délano-Frier J. Natural or light-induced pigment accumulation in grain amaranths coincides with enhanced resistance against insect herbivory. PLANTA 2021; 254:101. [PMID: 34669050 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Increased resistance to insect herbivory in grain amaranth plants is associated with increased betalain pigmentation, either naturally acquired or accumulated in response to blue-red light irradiation. Betalains are water-soluble pigments characteristic of plants of the Caryophyllales order. Their abiotic stress-induced accumulation is believed to protect against oxidative damage, while their defensive function against biotic aggressors is scarce. A previous observation of induced betalain-biosynthetic gene expression in stressed grain amaranth plants led to the proposal that these pigments play a defensive role against insect herbivory. This study provided further support for this premise. First, a comparison of "green" and "red" Amaranthus cruentus phenotypes showed that the latter suffered less insect herbivory damage. Coincidentally, growth and vitality of Manduca sexta larvae were more severely affected when fed on red-leafed A. cruentus plants or on an artificial diet supplemented with red-leaf pigment extracts. Second, the exposure of A. cruentus and A. caudatus plants, having contrasting pigmentation phenotypes, to light enriched in the blue and red wavelength spectra led to pigment accumulation throughout the plant and to increased resistance to insect herbivory. These events were accompanied by the induced expression of known betalain-biosynthetic genes, including uncharacterized DODA genes believed to participate in this biosynthetic pathway in a still undefined way. Finally, transient co-expression of different combinations of betalain-biosynthetic genes in Nicotiana benthamiana led to detectable accumulation of betalamic acid and betanidin. This outcome supported the participation of certain AhDODA and other genes in the grain amaranth betalain-biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Portillo-Nava
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Moisés Guerrero-Esperanza
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Armando Guerrero-Rangel
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Paulina Guevara-Domínguez
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Norma Martínez-Gallardo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Cecilia Nava-Sandoval
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N,Col. Santo Tomás, CDMX, CP, 11340, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, México
| | - José Ordaz-Ortiz
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Lino Sánchez-Segura
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - John Délano-Frier
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Kilómetro 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, CP, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.
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Shao Y, Li S, Gao L, Sun C, Hu J, Ullah A, Gao J, Li X, Liu S, Jiang D, Cao W, Tian Z, Dai T. Magnesium Application Promotes Rubisco Activation and Contributes to High-Temperature Stress Alleviation in Wheat During the Grain Filling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675582. [PMID: 34177993 PMCID: PMC8231710 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhibited photosynthesis caused by post-anthesis high-temperature stress (HTS) leads to decreased wheat grain yield. Magnesium (Mg) plays critical roles in photosynthesis; however, its function under HTS during wheat grain filling remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of Mg on the impact of HTS on photosynthesis during wheat grain filling by conducting pot experiments in controlled-climate chambers. Plants were subjected to a day/night temperature cycle of 32°C/22°C for 5 days during post-anthesis; the control temperature was set at 26°C/16°C. Mg was applied at the booting stage, with untreated plants used as a control. HTS reduced the yield and net photosynthetic rate (P n ) of wheat plants. The maximum carboxylation rate (V Cmax ), which is limited by Rubisco activity, decreased earlier than the light-saturated potential electron transport rate. This decrease in V Cmax was caused by decreased Rubisco activation state under HTS. Mg application reduced yield loss by stabilizing P n . Rubisco activation was enhanced by increasing Rubisco activase activity following Mg application, thereby stabilizing P n . We conclude that Mg maintains Rubisco activation, thereby helping to stabilize P n under HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanjiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Attiq Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Chengdu Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Sophora japonica (L.) Roots Reveals Key Pathways and Genes in Response to PEG-Induced Drought Stress under Different Nitrogen Conditions. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sophora japonica is a native leguminous tree species in China. The high stress tolerance contributes to its long lifespan of thousands of years. The lack of genomic resources greatly limits genetic studies on the stress responses of S. japonica. In this study, RNA-seq was conducted for S. japonica roots grown under short-term 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000-induced drought stress under normal N and N starvation conditions (1 and 0 mM NH4NO3, respectively). In each of the libraries, we generated more than 25 million clean reads, which were then de novo assembled to 46,852 unigenes with an average length of 1310.49 bp. In the differential expression analyses, more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found under drought with N starvation than under single stresses. The number of transcripts identified under N starvation and drought in S. japonica was nearly the same, but more upregulated genes were induced by drought, while more downregulated genes were induced by N starvation. Genes involved in “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” and “biosynthesis of amino acids” pathways were upregulated according to KEGG enrichment analyses, irrespective of the stress treatments. Additionally, upregulated N metabolism genes were enriched upon drought, and downregulated photosynthesis genes were enriched under N starvation. We found 4,372 and 5,430 drought-responsive DEGs under normal N and N starvation conditions, respectively. N starvation may aggravate drought by downregulating transcripts in the “carbon metabolism”, “ribosome”, “arginine biosynthesis pathway”, “oxidative phosphorylation” and “aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis” pathways. We identified 78 genes related to N uptake and assimilation, 38 of which exhibited differential expression under stress. A total of 395 DEGs were categorized as transcription factors, of which AR2/ERF-ERF, WRKY, NAC, MYB, bHLH, C3H and C2C2-Dof families played key roles in drought and N starvation stresses. The transcriptome data obtained, and the genes identified facilitate our understanding of the mechanisms of S. japonica responses to drought and N starvation stresses and provide a molecular foundation for understanding the mechanisms of its long lifespan for breeding resistant varieties for greening.
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Cun Z, Zhang JY, Wu HM, Zhang L, Chen JW. High nitrogen inhibits photosynthetic performance in a shade-tolerant and N-sensitive species Panax notoginseng. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:283-300. [PMID: 33587246 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a primary factor limiting leaf photosynthesis. However, the mechanism of high-N-driven inhibition on photosynthetic efficiency and photoprotection is still unclear in the shade-tolerant and N-sensitive species such as Panax notoginseng. Leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) activity and content, N allocation in the photosynthetic apparatus, photosynthetic performance and Chl fluorescence were comparatively analyzed in a shade-tolerant and N-sensitive species P. notoginseng grown under the levels of moderate nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN). The results showed that Rubisco content, Chl content and specific leaf nitrogen (SLN) were greater in the HN individuals. Rubisco activity, net photosynthetic rate (Anet), photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE), maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) were lower when plants were exposed to HN as compared with ones to MN. A large proportion of leaf N was allocated to the carboxylation component under the levels of MN. More N was only served as a form of N storage and not contributed to photosynthesis in HN individuals. Compared with the MN plants, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching of PSII (NPQ), effective quantum yield and electron transport rate were obviously reduced in the HN plants. Cycle electron flow (CEF) was considerably enhanced in the MN individuals. There was not a significant difference in maximum photo-oxidation P700+ (Pm) between the HN and MN individuals. Most importantly, the HN individuals showed higher K phase in the fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetic curve (OJIP kinetic curve) than the MN ones. The results obtained suggest that photosynthetic capacity might be primarily inhibited by the inactivated Rubisco in the HN individuals, and HN-induced depression of photoprotection might be caused by the photodamage to the donor side of PSII oxygen-evolving complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Ochieno DMW, Karoney EM, Muge EK, Nyaboga EN, Baraza DL, Shibairo SI, Naluyange V. Rhizobium-Linked Nutritional and Phytochemical Changes Under Multitrophic Functional Contexts in Sustainable Food Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.604396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are bacteria that exhibit both endophytic and free-living lifestyles. Endophytic rhizobial strains are widely known to infect leguminous host plants, while some do infect non-legumes. Infection of leguminous roots often results in the formation of root nodules. Associations between rhizobia and host plants may result in beneficial or non-beneficial effects. Such effects are linked to various biochemical changes that have far-reaching implications on relationships between host plants and the dependent multitrophic biodiversity. This paper explores relationships that exist between rhizobia and various plant species. Emphasis is on nutritional and phytochemical changes that occur in rhizobial host plants, and how such changes affect diverse consumers at different trophic levels. The purpose of this paper is to bring into context various aspects of such interactions that could improve knowledge on the application of rhizobia in different fields. The relevance of rhizobia in sustainable food systems is addressed in context.
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Wen B, Xiao W, Mu Q, Li D, Chen X, Wu H, Li L, Peng F. How does nitrate regulate plant senescence? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:60-69. [PMID: 33091797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development and plays an important role in the whole life process of plants. Nitrogen is an important component of amino acids, chlorophyll, plant hormones and secondary metabolites. Nitrogen deficiency leads to early senescence in plants, which is accompanied by changes in gene expression, metabolism, growth, development, and physiological and biochemical traits, which ensures efficient nitrogen recycling and enhances the plant's tolerance to low nitrogen. Therefore, it is very important to understand the adaptation mechanisms of plants under nitrogen deficiency for the efficient utilization of nitrogen and gene regulation. With the popularization of molecular biology, bioinformatics and transgenic technology, the metabolic pathways of nitrogen-deficient plants have been verified, and important progress has been made. However, how the responses of plants to nitrogen deficiency affect the biological processes of the plants is not well understood. The current research also cannot completely explain how the metabolic pathways identified show other reactions or phenotypes through interactions or cascades after nitrogen inhibition. Nitrate is the main form of nitrogen absorption. In this review, we discuss the role of nitrate in plant senescence. Understanding how nitrate inhibition affects nitrate absorption, transport, and assimilation; chlorophyll synthesis; photosynthesis; anthocyanin synthesis; and plant hormone synthesis is key to sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qin Mu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Futian Peng
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Miranda-Apodaca J, Agirresarobe A, Martínez-Goñi XS, Yoldi-Achalandabaso A, Pérez-López U. N metabolism performance in Chenopodium quinoa subjected to drought or salt stress conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:725-734. [PMID: 32862022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Currently it is estimated that the 20% of total cultivated land is affected by salt. Besides, drought events will increase worldwide. These factors are affecting plant growth and crop production compromising food security. Within this context, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is becoming an alternative pseudocereal for food supply due to its capacity to grow under harsh environmental conditions. Besides, it is being proposed as key model species to study the physiological processes that permit this tolerance, although how N metabolism responds has been barely studied. This paper addresses, on one hand, the response of quinoa's N metabolism (N uptake, translocation, reduction and assimilation) under the forthcoming climatic conditions and, on the other hand, the comparison of the effects of both stresses when plants have similar relative water content and photosynthetic rates. Under mild salt stress (120 and 240 mM NaCl) N assimilation is not affected, while the N uptake is favored. Under severe salt stress (500 mM NaCl), N uptake is reduced, decreasing leaf nitrate and protein concentration; nevertheless, leaf free amino acids are maintained -to perform osmotic adjustment-. N uptake rate is more affected under drought than under severe salt; furthermore, under severe salt stress, quinoa allocates more nitrogen to roots to finely regulate NO3- and Cl- uptake, while under drought it allocates more to leaves to ensure photosynthesis. These results indicate that quinoa's N metabolism is tolerant to drought and salt stress, although the strategies of this species for coping with the aforementioned stresses are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Miranda-Apodaca
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - A Agirresarobe
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - X S Martínez-Goñi
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - A Yoldi-Achalandabaso
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - U Pérez-López
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain.
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Pinto-Irish K, Coba de la Peña T, Ostria-Gallardo E, Ibáñez C, Briones V, Vergara A, Alvarez R, Castro C, Sanhueza C, Castro PA, Bascuñán-Godoy L. Seed characterization and early nitrogen metabolism performance of seedlings from Altiplano and coastal ecotypes of Quinoa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:343. [PMID: 32693791 PMCID: PMC7372889 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early seed germination and a functional root system development during establishment are crucial attributes contributing to nutrient competence under marginal nutrient soil conditions. Chenopodium quinoa Willd (Chenopodiaceae) is a rustic crop, able to grow in marginal areas. Altiplano and Coastal/Lowlands are two representative zones of quinoa cultivation in South America with contrasting soil fertility and edaphoclimatic conditions. In the present work, we hypothesize that the ecotypes of Quinoa from Altiplano (landrace Socaire) and from Coastal/Lowland (landrace Faro) have developed differential adaptive responses in order to survive under conditions of low availability of N in their respective climatic zones of Altiplano and Lowlands. In order to understand intrinsic differences for N competence between landraces, seed metabolite profile and germinative capacity were studied. Additionally, in order to elucidate the mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation at limiting N conditions during establishment, germinated seeds of both landraces were grown at either sufficient nitrate (HN) or low nitrate (LN) supply. We studied the photosynthetic performance, protein storage, root morphometrical parameters, activity and expression of N-assimilating enzymes, and the expression of nitrate transporters of roots in plants submitted to the different treatments. RESULTS Seeds from Socaire landrace presented higher content of free N-related metabolites and faster seed germination rate compared to Faro landrace. Seedlings of both ecotypes presented similar physiological performance at HN supply, but at LN supply their differences were exalted. At LN, Socaire plants showed an increased root biomass (including a higher number and total length of lateral roots), a differential regulation of a nitrate transporter (a NPF6.3-like homologue) belonging to the Low Affinity Transport System (LATS), and an upregulation of a nitrate transporter (a NRT2.1-like homologue) belonging to the High Affinity nitrate Transport System (HATS) compared to Faro. These responses as a whole could be linked to a higher amount of stored proteins in leaves, associated to an enhanced photochemical performance in Altiplano plants, in comparison to Lowland quinoa plants. CONCLUSIONS These differential characteristics of Socaire over Faro plants could involve an adaptation to enhanced nitrate uptake under the brutal unfavorable climate conditions of Altiplano.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristian Ibáñez
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, 1710088, La Serena, Chile
| | - Vilbett Briones
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Alexander Vergara
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Alvarez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), 1710088, La Serena, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Sede La Serena, Universidad Santo Tomás, La Serena, 1710172, Chile
| | - Catalina Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4070386, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4070386, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio A Castro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), 1710088, La Serena, Chile.
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4070386, Concepción, Chile.
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Bascuñán-Godoy L, Sanhueza C, Pinto K, Cifuentes L, Reguera M, Briones V, Zurita-Silva A, Álvarez R, Morales A, Silva H. Nitrogen physiology of contrasting genotypes of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (Amaranthaceae). Sci Rep 2018; 8:17524. [PMID: 30504781 PMCID: PMC6269519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoa has been highlighted as a promising crop to sustain food security. The selection of physiological traits that allow identification genotypes with high Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a key factor to increase Quinoa cultivation. In order to unveil the underpinning mechanisms for N-stress tolerance in Quinoa, three genotypes with similar phenology, but different NUE were developed under high (HN) or low (LN) nitrogen conditions. N metabolism processes and photosynthetic performance were studied after anthesis and in correlation with productivity to identify principal traits related to NUE. We found that protein content, net photosynthesis and leaf dry-mass were determinant attributes for yield at both HN and LN conditions. Contrastingly, the enhancement of N related metabolites (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${{\rm{NH}}}_{4}^{+}$$\end{document}NH4+, including an increment of glutamine synthetase activity and up-regulation of CqAMT1,1 transporter expression in leaves, were negatively correlated with grain yield at both N conditions. Biochemical aspects of photosynthesis and root biomass were traits exclusively associated with grain yield at LN. The impact of N supply on seed quality is discussed. These results provide new insights towards the understanding the N metabolism of Quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla, 160-C, Concepción, Chile. .,Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile. .,Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile.
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla, 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Katherine Pinto
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - Leonardo Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | - María Reguera
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vilbett Briones
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Andrés Zurita-Silva
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro de Investigación Intihuasi, La Serena, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Álvarez
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Sede La Serena, Universidad Santo Tomas, La Serena, Chile
| | - Andrea Morales
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Sede La Serena, Universidad Santo Tomas, La Serena, Chile
| | - Herman Silva
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Bioinformática, Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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