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Chen F, Niu K, Ma H. Analysis on morphological characteristics and identification of candidate genes during the flowering development of alfalfa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1426838. [PMID: 39193214 PMCID: PMC11347289 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1426838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Flower development is a crucial and complex process in the reproductive stage of plants, which involves the interaction of multiple endogenous signals and environmental factors. However, regulatory mechanism of flower development was unknown in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). In this study, the three stages of flower development of 'M. sativa cv. Gannong No. 5' (G5) and its early flowering and multi flowering mutant (MG5) were comparatively analyzed by transcriptomics. The results showed that compared with late bud stage (S1), 14287 and 8351 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at early flower stage (S2) in G5 and MG5, and 19941 and 19469 DEGs were identified at late flower stage (S3). Compared with S2, 9574 and 10870 DEGs were identified at S3 in G5 and MG5, respectively. Venn analysis revealed that 547 DEGs were identified among the three comparison groups. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these genes were involved in the development of alfalfa flowers through redox pathways and plant hormone signaling pathways. Key candidate genes including SnRK2, BSK, GID1, DELLA and CRE1, for regulating the development from buds to mature flowers in alfalfa were screened. In addition, differential expression of transcription factors such as MYB, AP2, bHLH, C2C2, MADS-box, NAC, bZIP, B3 and AUX/IAA also played an important role in this process. The results laid a theoretical foundation for studying the molecular mechanisms of the development process from buds to mature flowers in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenqi Chen
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kuiju Niu
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huiling Ma
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Wang L, Li C, Luo K. Biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of isoflavonoids in model plants and crops: a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1384091. [PMID: 38984160 PMCID: PMC11231381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1384091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Isoflavonoids, the major secondary metabolites within the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, play important roles in plant defense and exhibit free radical scavenging properties in mammals. Recent advancements in understanding the synthesis, transport, and regulation of isoflavonoids have identified their biosynthetic pathways as promising targets for metabolic engineering, offering potential benefits such as enhanced plant resistance, improved biomass, and restoration of soil fertility. This review provides an overview of recent breakthroughs in isoflavonoid biosynthesis, encompassing key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, transporters influencing their subcellular localization, molecular mechanisms regulating the metabolic pathway (including transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, as well as epigenetic modifications). Metabolic engineering strategies aimed at boosting isoflavonoid content in both leguminous and non-leguminous plants. Additionally, we discuss emerging technologies and resources for precise isoflavonoid regulation. This comprehensive review primarily focuses on model plants and crops, offering insights for more effective and sustainable metabolic engineering approaches to enhance nutritional quality and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Kulkarni KP, Vennapusa AR, Pandian BA, Deshmukh R. Editorial: Genetic advancements for improving the plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Front Genet 2024; 15:1426680. [PMID: 38859941 PMCID: PMC11163274 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1426680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnanand P. Kulkarni
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
| | - Amaranatha R. Vennapusa
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
| | | | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, India
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Majidian P, Ghorbani HR, Farajpour M. Achieving agricultural sustainability through soybean production in Iran: Potential and challenges. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26389. [PMID: 38404839 PMCID: PMC10884498 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of soybean as a key oil crop to enhance sustainable agriculture has garnered significant attention from researchers. Its lower water requirements compared to rice, along with its reduced environmental impact, including greenhouse gas emissions, improved water quality, enhanced biodiversity, and efficient resource utilization, make it an attractive option. Unfortunately, Iran, like many other developing countries, heavily relies on soybean imports (over 90%) to meet the demand for oil and protein in human and livestock food rations. The decline in soybean production, coupled with diminishing cultivation areas, yield rates, and increasing import needs, underscores the urgent need to address the challenges faced in Iran. The decline in soybean production in the country can be attributed to various factors, including environmental stresses (both biotic and abiotic), limited variation in soybean cultivars, inadequate mechanization for cultivation, and economic policies. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of soybean production in Iran and highlights its potential to enhance sustainable agriculture. Additionally, it examines the challenges and constraints associated with soybean cultivation, such as environmental changes and unbalanced marketing, and explores potential solutions and management strategies to bridge the gap between small-scale and large-scale production. Given the increasing global demand for plant-based protein and the significance of the feed industry, studying the limitations faced by countries with slower soybean production growth can shed light on the issues and present opportunities to capitalize on novel soybean advancements in the future. By addressing these challenges and unlocking the potential of soybean cultivation, Iran can contribute to sustainable agricultural practices and attain a more resilient food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Majidian
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Ghorbani
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran
| | - Mostafa Farajpour
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran
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Duarte RDC, Iannetta PPM, Gomes AM, Vasconcelos MW. More than a meat- or synthetic nitrogen fertiliser-substitute: a review of legume phytochemicals as drivers of 'One Health' via their influence on the functional diversity of soil- and gut-microbes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1337653. [PMID: 38450400 PMCID: PMC10915056 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1337653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Legumes are essential to healthy agroecosystems, with a rich phytochemical content that impacts overall human and animal well-being and environmental sustainability. While these phytochemicals can have both positive and negative effects, legumes have traditionally been bred to produce genotypes with lower levels of certain plant phytochemicals, specifically those commonly termed as 'antifeedants' including phenolic compounds, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs). However, when incorporated into a balanced diet, such legume phytochemicals can offer health benefits for both humans and animals. They can positively influence the human gut microbiome by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, contributing to gut health, and demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Beyond their nutritional value, legume phytochemicals also play a vital role in soil health. The phytochemical containing residues from their shoots and roots usually remain in-field to positively affect soil nutrient status and microbiome diversity, so enhancing soil functions and benefiting performance and yield of following crops. This review explores the role of legume phytochemicals from a 'one health' perspective, examining their on soil- and gut-microbial ecology, bridging the gap between human nutrition and agroecological science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael D. C. Duarte
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pietro P. M. Iannetta
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M. Gomes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta W. Vasconcelos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
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Alzahrani OR, Alshehri MA, Alasmari A, Ibrahim SD, Oyouni AA, Siddiqui ZH. Evaluation of genetic diversity among Saudi Arabian and Egyptian cultivars of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) using ISSR and SCoT markers. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2023.2194187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Othman R. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Ali Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Alasmari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. D. Ibrahim
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Atif A. Oyouni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid H. Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Chen Y, Dong B, Qu H, Cheng J, Feng Y, Liu L, Ma Q. Evaluating the Effects of Replacing Alfalfa with Broussonetia papyrifera Branch/Leaf Powder on Growth and Serum Indicators in Dezhou Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:123. [PMID: 38200854 PMCID: PMC10778167 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to study the apparent digestibility and the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) branch/leaf powder supplementation on growth performance and serum indicators in donkeys. The results showed that the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acidic detergent fiber (ADF), and digestible energy content (DE) of BP branch/leaf powder were 51.88%, 67.27%, 64.86%, 49.59%, 54.73%, 40.87%, and 6.37 MJ/kg, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG) in the 20% group was significantly higher than in the 0% and 30% groups. The serum albumin (ALB) levels in the 0% and 10% groups were significantly higher than those in the 20% and 30% groups, while the serum globulin (GLB) content in the 10% group was significantly lower than in the other groups. The 20% group showed decreased serum triglyceride (TG) levels compared to the other groups. Both the 20% and 30% groups exhibited lower total cholesterol (TC) levels and increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) compared to the 0% and 10% groups and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels than the 10% group. The 30% group had higher serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels than the other groups, while all three BP branch/leaf powder groups had lower serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels than the 0% group. There was a gradual increase in serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) with the increasing amount of BP branch/leaf powder added. In conclusion, the optimal supplemental proportion of BP branch/leaf powder in the diet is 20%. Furthermore, BP branch/leaf powder can improve growth performance, serum immune indices, and antioxidant capacity in Dezhou donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Boying Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252200, China
| | - Honglei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252200, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252200, China
| | - Yulong Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252200, China
| | - Lilin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Rosier A, Pomerleau M, Beauregard PB, Samac DA, Bais HP. Surfactin and Spo0A-Dependent Antagonism by Bacillus subtilis Strain UD1022 against Medicago sativa Phytopathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1007. [PMID: 36903868 PMCID: PMC10005099 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as the root colonizers Bacillus spp. may be ideal alternatives to chemical crop treatments. This work sought to extend the application of the broadly active PGPR UD1022 to Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Alfalfa is susceptible to many phytopathogens resulting in losses of crop yield and nutrient value. UD1022 was cocultured with four alfalfa pathogen strains to test antagonism. We found UD1022 to be directly antagonistic toward Collectotrichum trifolii, Ascochyta medicaginicola (formerly Phoma medicaginis), and Phytophthora medicaginis, and not toward Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis. Using mutant UD1022 strains lacking genes in the nonribosomal peptide (NRP) and biofilm pathways, we tested antagonism against A. medicaginicola StC 306-5 and P. medicaginis A2A1. The NRP surfactin may have a role in the antagonism toward the ascomycete StC 306-5. Antagonism toward A2A1 may be influenced by B. subtilis biofilm pathway components. The B. subtilis central regulator of both surfactin and biofilm pathways Spo0A was required for the antagonism of both phytopathogens. The results of this study indicate that the PGPR UD1022 would be a good candidate for further investigations into its antagonistic activities against C. trifolii, A. medicaginicola, and P. medicaginis in plant and field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rosier
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, 311 AP Biopharma, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Maude Pomerleau
- Département de Biologie, Bureau D8-1014, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. Université Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Pascale B. Beauregard
- Département de Biologie, Bureau D8-1014, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. Université Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Deborah A. Samac
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Harsh P. Bais
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, 311 AP Biopharma, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Kong F, Wang W, Li S. Comparison of Nutritional Components, Ruminal Degradation Characteristics and Feed Value from Different Cultivars of Alfalfa Hay. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040734. [PMID: 36830521 PMCID: PMC9951848 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different cultivars of alfalfa hay, including American Anderson (AA), American Golden Empress (GE), China Zhongmu No. 1 (ZM1) and China Gongnong No. 1 (GN1), on conventional nutrient composition, rumen degradation characteristics and feed value. Four healthy Holstein cows (137 ± 14 days in milk, 2.40 ± 0.50 parity) equipped with permanent ruminal cannulas were examined for the nylon-bag technique. The alfalfa hay samples were incubated in the rumen for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h according to the "gradual in/all out" schedule to detect the ruminal nutrients' degradability. Our results showed that various cultivars of alfalfa hay from different planting regions had significant differences on nutrient contents, rumen degradability and feed value. For nutritional components of alfalfa hay, the highest dry matter (DM) content was found in GE and the lowest in GN1 (p < 0.001); however, GN1 had the greatest concentration of ether extract (EE, p = 0.01), Ca (p < 0.001) and the lowest Ash (p < 0.001). Additionally, the lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and highest starch contents were observed in AA and GE (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the cultivar of ZM1 represented the highest NDF, ADF and Ash contents, in conjunction with minimal CP and P concentrations (p < 0.001). In terms of rumen degradation characteristics, the effective degradation rate (ED) of DM in GE and ZM1 was significantly higher than that in AA and GN1 (p = 0.013). The NDF effective degradation was lower in ZM1 than the other three cultivars (p = 0.002), and in addition ZM1 also showed lower CP and ADF effective degradation than GE (p < 0.001). As far as feed value was concerned, the cultivar of alfalfa hay imported from the US, including AA and GE, exhibited higher relative feed value (RFV) and relative forage quality (RFQ) than Chinese alfalfa based on ZM1 and GN1 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the results suggested that the cultivar of GE exhibited greater rumen degradable characteristics and feed value, while ZM1 showed the opposite status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Beijing Sino Agricultural Aiko Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fanlin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-10-62731254 (S.L.)
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-10-62731254 (S.L.)
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What Is the Relationship between Antioxidant Efficacy, Functional Composition, and Genetic Characteristics in Comparing Soybean Resources by Year? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112249. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the physiological activity of 48 soybean resources harvested in 2020 to identify the soybean resources’ relationships with individual isoflavone compounds and their genetic properties. These data will subsequently be compared with the research results on soybeans harvested in 2019. Initially, with respect to the physiological activity (6 types) and substances (19 types), this study evaluated the differences between the cultivation year (two years), seed coat color (three colors), and the interaction of the year and seed coat color of soybeans through ANOVA. Among the physiological activities, there were differences in the estrogen, estrogen receptor alpha, and UCP-1 (uncoupling protein-1) activities depending on the cultivation year. Moreover, there were differences in NO (nitric oxide), revealing differences in the ABTS (2, 2′-azino-bis-3ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activities due to the seed coat color and the interaction of the year and seed coat color. Soybeans harvested in 2020 exhibited increased ABTS, DPPH, and NO inhibitory activities and reduced estrogen, estrogen receptor alpha, and UCP-1 activities compared to those harvested in 2019. According to the ANOVA results, eight of the nineteen individual derivatives illustrated yearly differences, while three derivatives displayed differences due to the seed coat color. Secondly, according to the relationship between the efficacy, derivative substances, and genetic properties, it was determined that genistein 7-O-(2″-O-apiosyl)glucoside (F5) is the individual isoflavone derivative that affected the six types of physiological activity, on which the genome-wide association study (GWAS) showed no significant differences for genetic properties. These results were inconsistent with the 2019 data, where three types of individual compounds, including F5, were proposed as substances that correlated with efficacy and there was a high correlation with genetic properties. Therefore, this study selected B17, B23, B15, B24, and Y7 as excellent varieties that are stable and highly functional in the cultivation environment, producing only small annual differences. The results of this study will be utilized as basic data for predicting soybean varieties and their cultivation, which have high environmental stability under climate variation and properly retain the functional substances and efficacy.
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Kumar P, Singh J, Kaur G, Adunola PM, Biswas A, Bazzer S, Kaur H, Kaur I, Kaur H, Sandhu KS, Vemula S, Kaur B, Singh V, Tseng TM. OMICS in Fodder Crops: Applications, Challenges, and Prospects. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5440-5473. [PMID: 36354681 PMCID: PMC9688858 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomass yield and quality are the primary targets in forage crop improvement programs worldwide. Low-quality fodder reduces the quality of dairy products and affects cattle's health. In multipurpose crops, such as maize, sorghum, cowpea, alfalfa, and oat, a plethora of morphological and biochemical/nutritional quality studies have been conducted. However, the overall growth in fodder quality improvement is not on par with cereals or major food crops. The use of advanced technologies, such as multi-omics, has increased crop improvement programs manyfold. Traits such as stay-green, the number of tillers per plant, total biomass, and tolerance to biotic and/or abiotic stresses can be targeted in fodder crop improvement programs. Omic technologies, namely genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, provide an efficient way to develop better cultivars. There is an abundance of scope for fodder quality improvement by improving the forage nutrition quality, edible quality, and digestibility. The present review includes a brief description of the established omics technologies for five major fodder crops, i.e., sorghum, cowpea, maize, oats, and alfalfa. Additionally, current improvements and future perspectives have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Barnala 148107, India
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Anju Biswas
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sumandeep Bazzer
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, WA 57007, USA
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88001, USA
| | - Ishveen Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Karansher Singh Sandhu
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Shailaja Vemula
- Agronomy Department, UF/IFAS Research and Education Center, Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA
| | - Balwinder Kaur
- Department of Entomology, UF/IFAS Research and Education Center, Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA
| | - Varsha Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA
| | - Te Ming Tseng
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA
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Ma J, Huangfu W, Yang X, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhu X, Wang C, Shi Y, Cui Y. “King of the forage”—Alfalfa supplementation improves growth, reproductive performance, health condition and meat quality of pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1025942. [PMCID: PMC9667112 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1025942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
As one kind of high-quality feed with rich nutrients, including high quality protein and amino acids, dietary fiber, enriched vitamins and mineral elements and bioactive molecules, alfalfa has been widely used in the production of ruminant livestock. As the understanding of alfalfa becomes more and more comprehensive, it is found that the high-quality nutrients in alfalfa could have positive effects on pigs. An increasing number of researches have shown that supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of gestating sows reduced constipation, alleviated abnormal behavior, improved satiety and reproductive performance; supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of piglets improved growth performance and intestinal barrier function, reduced intestinal inflammatory response and diarrhea; supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of growing-fattening pigs improved production performance and pork quality. Moreover, the mechanisms by which various nutrients of alfalfa exert their beneficial effects on pigs mainly including dietary fiber stimulating intestinal peristalsis, enhancing the activity of digestive enzymes, and promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract through fermentation in the intestine, producing short-chain fatty acids and thus improving intestinal health; high quality protein and amino acids are beneficial to improve animal health condition; rich vitamins and mineral elements play an important role in various physiological functions and growth and development of the body; and bioactive molecules can improve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory level. Therefore, alfalfa could be used as pig feed ingredient to alleviate various problems in the pig industry and to improve pig production performance. In this review, we detail the current application of alfalfa in pigs and discuss the potential mechanisms involved in how alfalfa improves growth and reproductive performance, pork quality, and intestinal health of the animals, thus laying the foundation for the increased application of high-quality forage in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weikang Huangfu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junying Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
- Yinghua Shi
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yalei Cui
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Horvat D, Viljevac Vuletić M, Andrić L, Baličević R, Kovačević Babić M, Tucak M. Characterization of Forage Quality, Phenolic Profiles, and Antioxidant Activity in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2735. [PMID: 36297759 PMCID: PMC9612203 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage species and is recently more in focus for human consumption mainly due to its content of bioactive phenolics. Samples of the seventeen alfalfa cultivars/populations were collected at the Agricultural Institute Osijek with the aim to evaluate their forage quality, phenolic profiles, and antioxidant potential. Significant differences (p < 0.05) existed among studied alfalfa in all analyzed traits. The cultivar OS 99 and populations L7 and L20 were characterized by high crude protein content (22.5−24.7%) and the lowest neutral (40.2−42.9%) and acid detergent fibres (33−35.5%). The soluble-free phenolics from alfalfa leaves were extracted by methanol while insoluble cell-wall bound phenolics were released by alkaline hydrolysis. The bound phenolic extract showed a stronger DPPH scavenging capacity (20.8 mg TE/g dm) than the soluble (11.4 mg TE/g dm). The HPLC data revealed that more phenolics were found in the bound (3638.0 μg/g dm) than in the soluble form (912.3 μg/g dm). In the soluble extract of the alfalfa leaves, the major compound was catechin (338.3 μg/g dm), while rutin, epicatechin, and ferulic acid were minor ones. In the bound phenolic extract, the most abundant was ferulic (2198.2 μg/g dm) and p-coumaric acid (983.7 μg/g dm), followed by myricetin, apigenin, and quercetin. The principal component analysis revealed that alfalfa cultivars/populations were better discriminated based on the data on phenolics, rather than on forage quality. The cultivars/populations Florida 66, OS 66, L 40, L 42, Seed Force 4, and Torlesse were the most interesting in terms of phenolic health-promoting characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Horvat
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Luka Andrić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Renata Baličević
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Marijana Tucak
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Wyse J, Latif S, Gurusinghe S, McCormick J, Weston LA, Stephen CP. Phytoestrogens: A Review of Their Impacts on Reproductive Physiology and Other Effects upon Grazing Livestock. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192709. [PMID: 36230450 PMCID: PMC9559698 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Legume crops and pastures have a high economic value in Australia. However, legume species commonly used for grazing enterprises have been identified to produce high concentrations of phytoestrogens. These compounds are heterocyclic phenolic, and are similar in structure to the mammalian estrogen, 17β-estradiol. The biological activity of the various phytoestrogen types; isoflavones, lignans and coumestans, are species-specific, although at concentrations of 25 mg/kg of dry matter each of the phytoestrogen types affect reproductive functions in grazing livestock. The impacts upon fertility in grazing livestock such as cattle and sheep, vary greatly over length of exposure time, age and health of animal and the stress stimuli the plant is exposed to. More recently, research into the other effects that phytoestrogens may have upon metabolism, immune capacity and growth and performance of grazing livestock has been conducted. Potential new benefits for using these phytoestrogens, such as daidzein and genistein, have been identified by observing the stimulation of production in lymphocytes and other antibody cells. Numerous isoflavones have also been recognized to promote protein synthesis, increase the lean meat ratio, and increase weight gain in cattle and sheep. In Australia, the high economic value of legumes as pasture crops in sheep and cattle production enterprises requires proactive management strategies to mitigate risk associated with potential loss of fertility associated with inclusion of pasture legumes as forages for grazing livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wyse
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Sajid Latif
- National Life Sciences Research Hub, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Saliya Gurusinghe
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Jeffrey McCormick
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Leslie A. Weston
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Cyril P. Stephen
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (C.P.S.)
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Combination of Medium- and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography for Isolation of L-tryptophan (Q-marker) from Medicago sativa Extract. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9090240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicago sativa (alfalfa) is a widely used animal feed. However, its quality has been difficult to control due to the lack of appropriate marker compounds. Therefore, it is very necessary to select an appropriate quality marker (Q-marker) to control its quality. In this study, medium-pressure liquid chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography were employed to effectively prepare the separation of the Q-marker (L-tryptophan) from Medicago sativa. Firstly, using MCI GEL® CHP20P as the stationary phase, 2.5 g of the target fraction Fr3 was enriched from crude Medicago sativa extract (2.9 kg) by medium-pressure liquid chromatography. Secondly, Sephadex LH-20 was used to further separate Fr3 fractions, and the Fr34 fraction (358.3 mg) was enriched after 14 repetitions. Lastly, using the ReproSil-Pur C18 AQ preparative column, 63.4 mg of L-tryptophan was obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and the purity was above 95%. The results showed that medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MCI GEL® CHP20P and Sephadex LH-20) combined with high-pressure liquid chromatography (ReproSil-Pur C18 AQ) could be used to effectively prepare the Q-marker from natural products with satisfactory purity.
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Chowdhury IA, Yan G, Kandel H, Plaisance A. Population Development of the Root-Lesion Nematode Pratylenchus dakotaensis on Soybean Cultivars. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2117-2126. [PMID: 35147453 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-21-2444-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two greenhouse experiments were conducted with the new species of root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus dakotaensis, discovered in North Dakota, USA in 2017 and named in 2021. Experiment 1 was conducted to ascertain resistance levels of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cultivars to the new species P. dakotaensis and Experiment 2 was conducted to evaluate the population levels of P. dakotaensis in roots versus soil. A total of 20 soybean cultivars, and the positive control, cultivar Barnes, accompanying a nonplanted control, were evaluated in both experiments; they each had five replicates and the experiments were repeated. Among the 20 soybean cultivars evaluated, a cultivar with the ID# 13 consistently produced the greatest population densities of P. dakotaensis across all the experiments and therefore it was selected as the susceptible check. The ratio of the final nematode population density of a test cultivar relative to the final population density of the susceptible check was used to scale resistance rating. Combined results of all the trials indicated that seven of the cultivars were moderately resistant, nine of the cultivars plus 'Barnes' were moderately susceptible, and four of the cultivars were susceptible. However, none of the cultivars tested were classified as resistant. Analysis of P. dakotaensis population levels revealed that ≥50% of the population resided in the root habitat and the remaining nematodes were recovered from soil at 9 weeks after planting for a majority of the cultivars tested. These results provide an insight into the virulence of P. dakotaensis on commercial soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guiping Yan
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
| | - Hans Kandel
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
| | - Addison Plaisance
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
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Pourshirazi S, Soltani A, Zeinali E, Torabi B, Arshad A. Assessing the sensitivity of alfalfa yield potential to climate impact under future scenarios in Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61093-61106. [PMID: 35437651 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa is a major forage crop in Iran. To quantify the impact of climate change on its yield and water application for irrigation in Iran, the SSM-iCrop2 simulation model and two GCMs of IPSL and HadGEM were used under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for the 2050s. Despite increased temperatures, alfalfa forage yield will increase in most of the regions across the country due to acceleration of spring regrowth, a higher number of cuttings, increased incident and received photosynthetically active radiation because of increased growing season length due to increased temperatures, and positive effect of CO2 on photosynthesis and radiation use efficiency. Changes in climatic conditions have had a significant impact on alfalfa net irrigation water, and the sum of net irrigation water has a direct relationship with alfalfa yield. Due to increased temperature, changes in rainfall, and improved concentration of atmospheric CO2, the forage yield of alfalfa will fluctuate highly under all climatic scenarios. The highest increase and decrease in the average yield using the HadGEM model under RCP8.5 was 32 and - 33%, respectively. The average net irrigation water of alfalfa increased by 36% in the HadGEM model under RCP8.5 and decreased by - 41% in the IPSL model under RCP8.5. Therefore, to improve alfalfa yield in Iran in the future, strategies compatible such as high temperature-tolerant cultivars may be the most reasonable approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Pourshirazi
- Agronomy Department, Plant Production Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 49138-15739, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Afshin Soltani
- Agronomy Department, Plant Production Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 49138-15739, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zeinali
- Agronomy Department, Plant Production Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 49138-15739, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Benjamin Torabi
- Agronomy Department, Plant Production Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 49138-15739, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Adnan Arshad
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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18
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Improved drought tolerance of EMS mutagenized Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mutants by in vitro screening at germination stage. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12693. [PMID: 35882960 PMCID: PMC9325702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine drought tolerant novel mutant of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes by screening EMS mutagenized 340675 M3 seeds at germination stages in the presence of osmotic stress of 35% PEG6000. Root growth assay provided several drought tolerant candidate mutants. Of those, 4 mutants were further evaluated at water deficit conditions applied for 24 days after the first cutting at flowering bud stage. The results revealed that mutants determined as drought tolerant at germination stage were also tolerant to water deficit conditions. Protein content and superoxide dismutase values were found to be higher in all mutants than controls. Ascorbate peroxides, glutton reductase and lipid peroxidase values varied based on the mutant genotype and duration of drought stress. Drought stress significantly changed transcriptional levels of MtP5CS, MtDehyd, MseIF-2, MtRD2 and MsNAC genes. These results indicated that in vitro screening of alfalfa mutant seeds for osmatic tolerance at germination and early seedling growth stages was successfully able to determine the drought tolerant alfalfa mutants which were also tolerant to water deficit conditions after the first cutting at flowering bud stage.
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19
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Makhumbila P, Rauwane M, Muedi H, Figlan S. Metabolome Profiling: A Breeding Prediction Tool for Legume Performance under Biotic Stress Conditions. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131756. [PMID: 35807708 PMCID: PMC9268993 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Legume crops such as common bean, pea, alfalfa, cowpea, peanut, soybean and others contribute significantly to the diet of both humans and animals. They are also important in the improvement of cropping systems that employ rotation and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Biotic stresses hinder the production of leguminous crops, significantly limiting their yield potential. There is a need to understand the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in the response of these crops to biotic stressors. Simultaneous expressions of a number of genes responsible for specific traits of interest in legumes under biotic stress conditions have been reported, often with the functions of the identified genes unknown. Metabolomics can, therefore, be a complementary tool to understand the pathways involved in biotic stress response in legumes. Reports on legume metabolomic studies in response to biotic stress have paved the way in understanding stress-signalling pathways. This review provides a progress update on metabolomic studies of legumes in response to different biotic stresses. Metabolome annotation and data analysis platforms are discussed together with future prospects. The integration of metabolomics with other “omics” tools in breeding programmes can aid greatly in ensuring food security through the production of stress tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Makhumbila
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, 28 Pioneer Ave, Florida Park, Roodeport 1709, South Africa; (M.R.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Molemi Rauwane
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, 28 Pioneer Ave, Florida Park, Roodeport 1709, South Africa; (M.R.); (S.F.)
| | - Hangwani Muedi
- Research Support Services, North West Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, 114 Chris Hani Street, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa;
| | - Sandiswa Figlan
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, 28 Pioneer Ave, Florida Park, Roodeport 1709, South Africa; (M.R.); (S.F.)
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20
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Srivastava R, Kobayashi Y, Koyama H, Sahoo L. Overexpression of cowpea NAC transcription factors promoted growth and stress tolerance by boosting photosynthetic activity in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111251. [PMID: 35487661 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ATAF-like NAC transcription factors are bonafide regulators of stress-signaling. However, their overexpression often exerts growth-retardation by activating ABA-hypersensitivity, chloroplast-degradation, or carbon-starvation. To improve tolerance to multiple stress complying with growth sustainability, we examined two ATAF orthologs, VuNAC1 and VuNAC2, isolated from a drought-hardy cowpea genotype, for a harmonized regulation of stress and growth signaling. The genes were induced by dehydration, NaCl, polyethylene glycol, heat, cold, ABA, and light. Analysis of the promoter-elements and regulatory network corroborated the integration of circadian, hormonal, stress, developmental, and nutrition signals, being VuNAC1/2 the central transcriptional-switch interfacing growth and stress responses. The constitutive gene overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in an improved embryonic, rosette, and inflorescence growth, under optimum as well as limiting nutrition, in association with increased photosynthetic activity and stomatal-density. The transgenic seedlings manifested tolerance to dehydration, salinity, aluminum, cadmium, and H2O2 toxicity, in addition to ABA-mediated seed dormancy and hypersensitivity. The soil-grown plants survived severe drought and hypersalinity by maintaining the water-status and membrane integrity through the accumulation of stress protectants, such as proline, glutathione, and ascorbate. Unlike their orthologs from other species, VuNAC1/2 conferred tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in line with improved growth attributes via regulation of photosynthetic controls and nutritional balance, suggesting growth being a crucial component of stress-tolerance and recovery. Such unique stress-responsive transcription factors, which also confer photosynthetic gain, could be sustainable biotechnological tools for developing stress-tolerant crops and translating the improved growth into yield without unintended trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Koyama A, Dias T, Antunes PM. Application of plant-soil feedbacks in the selection of crop rotation sequences. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2501. [PMID: 34870353 PMCID: PMC9286821 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) can be a major driver of plant performance in communities, and this concept can be used in selecting crop rotation sequences to maximize agricultural yields. Potential benefits of using PSF in this context include nutrient use optimization, pathogen reduction, and enhancement of mutualisms between crops and microbes. Yet the contributions of these combined mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we investigated the relative contributions of these mechanisms using five major crops commonly cultivated in rotation (alfalfa, canola, maize, soybean, and wheat) under controlled conditions. We trained soil by growing each of the five crops in a "training phase," and then reciprocally planted the five crops in the trained soils in a "feedback phase." To tease out soil biota from nutrient effects, we established three treatments: "control" (trained unsterilized soil used in the feedback phases), "biota" (sterilized soil in the feedback phase inoculated with soil biota from the control treatment after the training phase), and "nutrient" (sterilized soils in both phases). Plant-soil feedback for each crop was calculated by comparing the total biomass of each crop grown in soils trained by each of the four other crops (i.e., in rotation) against total biomass in self-trained soil (i.e., monocropping). We found that PSF values varied among crop combinations in all the treatments, but such variation was the greatest in the nutrient treatment. Overall, soil biota feedback tended to be lower, whereas nutrient feedback tended to be greater compared to the unsterilized control soil, suggesting that effects of antagonistic biota outweighed those of beneficial microbes in the biota treatment, and that plants optimized nutrient uptake when the soil microbiome was absent in the nutrient treatment. Furthermore, soils in the nutrient treatment trained by the legume crops (alfalfa and soybean) tended to provide the greatest positive feedback, emphasizing the important legacy of N2 fixers in crop rotation. Taken together, our data demonstrate how nutrients and soil biota can be integral to PSFs among crops, and that assessing PSFs under controlled conditions can serve as a basis to determine the most productive crop rotation sequences prior to field testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Koyama
- Algoma UniversitySault Ste. MarieOntarioCanada
- Department of ForestryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Teresa Dias
- Algoma UniversitySault Ste. MarieOntarioCanada
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental ChangesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
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22
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Styczynski M, Biegniewski G, Decewicz P, Rewerski B, Debiec-Andrzejewska K, Dziewit L. Application of Psychrotolerant Antarctic Bacteria and Their Metabolites as Efficient Plant Growth Promoting Agents. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:772891. [PMID: 35284420 PMCID: PMC8907978 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.772891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is the fourth most abundant element on earth. However, its low bioavailability is a key plant-growth limiting factor. Bacteria play an important role in plant growth promotion since they produce specific secondary metabolites that may increase macro- and micronutrient accessibility in soil. Therefore, bacterial-derived iron chelators, as well as surface-active compounds, are recognised as essential to plant welfare. In this study, three cold-active Antarctic bacterial strains, i.e. Pseudomonas sp. ANT_H12B, Psychrobacter sp. ANT_H59 and Bacillus sp. ANT_WA51, were analysed. The physiological and genomic characterisation of these strains revealed their potential for plant growth promotion, reflected in the production of various biomolecules, including biosurfactants (that may lower the medium surface tension of even up to 53%) and siderophores (including ANT_H12B-produced mixed-type siderophore that demonstrated the highest production, reaching the concentration of up to 1.065 mM), increasing the availability of nutrients in the environment and neutralising fungal pathogens. Tested bacteria demonstrated an ability to promote the growth of a model plant, alfalfa, increasing shoots’ length and fresh biomass even up to 26 and 46% respectively; while their metabolites increased the bioavailability of iron in soil up to 40%. It was also revealed that the introduced strains did not disrupt physicochemical conditions and indigenous soil microbial composition, which suggests that they are promising amendments preserving the natural biodiversity of soil and increasing its fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Styczynski
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriel Biegniewski
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Decewicz
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Rewerski
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Geomicrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Debiec-Andrzejewska
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Dziewit
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Lukasz Dziewit,
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Li D, Shu G, Wang H, Xu Y, Adni J, Zhang Y, MacAdam JW, Villalba JJ, Dai X, Chen L. In vitro fermentation performance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixed with different proportions of paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) leaves (PML) or condensed tannins extracted from PML. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1990144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daojie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Gangqin Shu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jannati Adni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunhua Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jennifer W. MacAdam
- Department of Plants, Soils & Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Juan J. Villalba
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Plants, Soils & Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Lijuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Kim IS, Hwang CW, Yang WS, Kim CH. Multiple Antioxidative and Bioactive Molecules of Oats ( Avena sativa L.) in Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091454. [PMID: 34573086 PMCID: PMC8471765 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oats (Avena sativa L.) are rich in protein, fiber, calcium, vitamins (B, C, E, and K), amino acids, and antioxidants (beta-carotene, polyphenols, chlorophyll, and flavonoids). β-glucan and avenanthramides improve the immune system, eliminate harmful substances from the body, reduce blood cholesterol, and help with dietary weight loss by enhancing the lipid profile and breaking down fat in the body. β-glucan regulates insulin secretion, preventing diabetes. Progladins also lower cholesterol levels, suppress the accumulation of triglycerides, reduce blood sugar levels, suppress inflammation, and improve skin health. Saponin-based avanacosidase and functional substances of flavone glycoside improve the immune function, control inflammation, and prevent infiltration in the skin. Moreover, lignin and phytoestrogen prevent hormone-related cancer and improve the quality of life of postmenopausal women. Sprouted oats are rich in saponarin in detoxifying the liver. The literatures have been reviewed and the recent concepts and prospects have been summarized with figures and tables. This review discusses recent trends in research on the functionality of oats rather than their nutritional value with individual immunity for self-medication. The oat and its acting components have been revisited for the future prospect and development of human healthy and functional sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Sup Kim
- Advanced Bio-Resource Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Cher-Won Hwang
- Global Leadership School, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (W.-S.Y.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Woong-Suk Yang
- Nodaji Co., Ltd., Pohang 37927, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (W.-S.Y.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (W.-S.Y.); (C.-H.K.)
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Buzdin AV, Patrushev MV, Sverdlov ED. Will Plant Genome Editing Play a Decisive Role in "Quantum-Leap" Improvements in Crop Yield to Feed an Increasing Global Human Population? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1667. [PMID: 34451712 PMCID: PMC8398637 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing scientific evidence demonstrates unprecedented planetary-scale human impacts on the Earth's system with a predicted threat to the existence of the terrestrial biosphere due to population increase, resource depletion, and pollution. Food systems account for 21-34% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Over the past half-century, water and land-use changes have significantly impacted ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity, and climate. At the same time, food production is falling behind consumption, and global grain reserves are shrinking. Some predictions suggest that crop yields must approximately double by 2050 to adequately feed an increasing global population without a large expansion of crop area. To achieve this, "quantum-leap" improvements in crop cultivar productivity are needed within very narrow planetary boundaries of permissible environmental perturbations. Strategies for such a "quantum-leap" include mutation breeding and genetic engineering of known crop genome sequences. Synthetic biology makes it possible to synthesize DNA fragments of any desired sequence, and modern bioinformatics tools may hopefully provide an efficient way to identify targets for directed modification of selected genes responsible for known important agronomic traits. CRISPR/Cas9 is a new technology for incorporating seamless directed modifications into genomes; it is being widely investigated for its potential to enhance the efficiency of crop production. We consider the optimism associated with the new genetic technologies in terms of the complexity of most agronomic traits, especially crop yield potential (Yp) limits. We also discuss the possible directions of overcoming these limits and alternative ways of providing humanity with food without transgressing planetary boundaries. In conclusion, we support the long-debated idea that new technologies are unlikely to provide a rapidly growing population with significantly increased crop yield. Instead, we suggest that delicately balanced humane measures to limit its growth and the amount of food consumed per capita are highly desirable for the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V Buzdin
- The Laboratory of Clinical and Genomic Bioinformatics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V Patrushev
- Kurchatov Center for Genome Research, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene D Sverdlov
- Kurchatov Center for Genome Research, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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26
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Pinnamaneni SR, Anapalli SS. Assessing the Effects of Agronomic Management Practices on Soybean ( Glycine max L.) Post-Grain Harvest Residue Quality in the Lower Mississippi Delta. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071337. [PMID: 34208854 PMCID: PMC8309155 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Livestock producers often resort to either baling or grazing of crop residues due to high hay prices and reduced supply of other forages and silage in the markets. Soil-water-crop management practices can affect residue nutrient qualities for its use as cattle feedstock. A two-year study (2018–2019) was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation (AI, all row-irrigation; ARI, alternate row irrigation; and RF, rainfed) and planting pattern, PP (SR, single row; and TR, twin-row) on soybean (maturity group IV cv. 31RY45 Dyna-Gro) post-grain harvest residue quality such as crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), net energy for maintenance (NEM), net energy for gain (NEG), net energy for lactation (NEL), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV). Irrigation has a significant effect on CP, ADF, NDF, and TDN while PP affected only NDF. All the above parameters were significantly affected except NEM by the contrasting climate conditions, particularly during July through August coinciding with early crop reproductive stages and maturity. The RFV values ranged from 70.4 to 81.6 and this lower range was attributable to nutrient translocation to seeds and higher lignification during plant senescence towards the grain filling stage of the crop as good quality hay records over 120 RFV. These results indicate that both irrigation and weather during soybean seed development can alter post-grain harvest residue quality parameters, thereby playing critical roles in its RFV.
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Uptake Dynamics of Ionic and Elemental Selenium Forms and Their Metabolism in Multiple-Harvested Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071277. [PMID: 34201671 PMCID: PMC8309208 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A pot experiment, under greenhouse conditions, was carried out aiming at investigating the agronomic biofortification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with Se and monitoring the Se uptake and accumulation dynamics within four consecutive harvests within the same growing season. Two ionic Se forms, i.e., sodium selenate (Se (VI)) and sodium selenite (Se (IV)), were applied once at a rate of 1, 10, and 50 mg kg−1 (added on Se basis), while 10 and 50 mg L−1 of a red elemental Se (red Se0) were used; all Se treatments were added as soil application. Application of Se (VI) at the rate of 50 mg kg−1 was toxic to alfalfa plants. The effect of Se forms on Se accumulation in alfalfa tissues, regardless of the applied Se concentration, follows: Se (VI) > Se (IV) > red Se0. The leaf, in general, possessed higher total Se content than the stem in all the treatments. The accumulation of Se in stem and leaf tissues showed a gradual decline between the harvests, especially for plants treated with either Se (VI) or Se (IV); however, the chemically synthesized red Se0 showed different results. The treatment of 10 mg kg−1 Se (VI) resulted in the highest total Se content in stem (202.5 and 98.0 µg g−1) and leaf (643.4 and 284.5 µg g−1) in the 1st and 2nd harvests, respectively. Similar tendency is reported for the Se (IV)-treated plants. Otherwise, the application of red Se0 resulted in a lower Se uptake; however, less fluctuation in total Se content between the four harvests was noticed compared to the ionic Se forms. The Se forms in stem and leaf of alfalfa extracted by water and subsequently by protease XIV enzyme were measured by strong anion exchange (SAX) HPLC-ICP-MS. The major Se forms in our samples were selenomethionine (SeMet) and Se (VI), while neither selenocysteine (SeCys) nor Se (IV) was detected. In water extract, however, Se (VI) was the major Se form, while SeMet was the predominant form in the enzyme extract. Yet, Se (VI) and SeMet contents declined within the harvests, except in stem of plants treated with 50 mg L−1 red Se0. The highest stem or leaf SeMet yield %, in all harvests, corresponded to the treatment of 50 mg L−1 red Se0. For instance, 63.6% (in stem) and 38.0% (in leaf) were calculated for SeMet yield % in the 4th harvest of plants treated with 50 mg L−1 red Se0. Our results provide information about uptake and accumulation dynamics of different ionic Se forms in case of multiple-harvested alfalfa, which, besides being a good model plant, is an important target plant species in green biorefining.
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Kintl A, Huňady I, Vymyslický T, Ondrisková V, Hammerschmiedt T, Brtnický M, Elbl J. Effect of Seed Coating and PEG-Induced Drought on the Germination Capacity of Five Clover Crops. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040724. [PMID: 33917847 PMCID: PMC8068302 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of coating the seed of clover crops by water absorbing seed process (WASP) technology pelletization on its germination capacity was studied in conditions of diverse drought intensities simulated by different concentrations of polyethylenglycol (PEG) 8000 solution. Drought resistance was monitored in the seed of five fodder clover species: Anthyllis vulneraria L., Medicago lupulina L., Trifolium repens L., Melilotus albus Medik. and Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. In the seed of given plant species, germination capacity was determined along with the share of dead and hard seeds. Although the coating significantly (p < 0.05) affected the drought resistance of seeds, the germination capacity increased only in conditions of milder drought (simulation with PEG: 0.1–0.3 mol). With the increasing intensity of drought induced by higher PEG concentrations (0.4–0.7 mol) the number of germinable seeds demonstrably decreased and the number of dead seeds increased in the coated seed as compared with the uncoated seed. The coated seed can be appropriate for use in M. lupulina, M. albus and T. repens, while the uncoated seed can be used in A. vulneraria and O. viciifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Kintl
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., 66441 Troubsko, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (I.H.); (T.V.); (V.O.)
| | - Igor Huňady
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., 66441 Troubsko, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (I.H.); (T.V.); (V.O.)
| | - Tomáš Vymyslický
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., 66441 Troubsko, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (I.H.); (T.V.); (V.O.)
| | - Vladěna Ondrisková
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., 66441 Troubsko, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (I.H.); (T.V.); (V.O.)
| | - Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Martin Brtnický
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.H.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Elbl
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., 66441 Troubsko, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (I.H.); (T.V.); (V.O.)
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-725-295-999
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Asekova S, Oh E, Kulkarni KP, Siddique MI, Lee MH, Kim JI, Lee JD, Kim M, Oh KW, Ha TJ, Kim SU, Cho KS. An Integrated Approach of QTL Mapping and Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes for Phytophthora Blight Resistance in Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:604709. [PMID: 33664756 PMCID: PMC7920980 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.604709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora blight (PB) caused by Phytophthora nicotianae is a highly destructive disease in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). In this study, we used linkage mapping and genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes associated with PB resistance. The QTL mapping in 90 RILs of the Goenbaek × Osan cross using genotyping-by-sequencing detected significant QTLs for PB resistance on chromosome 10, explaining 12.79%-13.34% of phenotypic variation. Association of this locus to PB resistance was also revealed through bulked segregant analysis in second RIL population (Goenbaek × Milsung cross) comprising 188 RILs. The GWAS of 87 sesame accessions evaluated against three P. nicotianae isolates identified 29 SNPs on chromosome 10 significantly associated with PB resistance. These SNPs were located within a 0.79 Mb region, which co-located with the QTL intervals identified in RIL populations, and hence scanned for identifying candidate genes. This region contained several defense-related candidate R genes, five of which were selected for quantitative expression analysis. One of these genes, SIN_1019016 was found to show significantly higher expression in the resistant parent compared to that in the susceptible parents and selected RILs. Paired-end sequencing of the gene SIN_1019016 in parental cultivars revealed two synonymous SNPs between Goenbaek and Osan in exon 2 of coding DNA sequence. These results suggested SIN_1019016 as one of the candidate gene conferring PB resistance in sesame. The findings from this study will be useful in the marker-assisted selection as well as the functional analysis of PB resistance candidate gene(s) in sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovetgul Asekova
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang-si, South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Oh
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang-si, South Korea
| | | | - Muhammad Irfan Siddique
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang-si, South Korea
| | - Jung In Kim
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang-si, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Dong Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ki-Won Oh
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang-si, South Korea
| | - Tae-Joung Ha
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang-si, South Korea
| | - Sung-Up Kim
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang-si, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Cho
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang-si, South Korea
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Hu G, Wang B, Gong T, Li R, Guo X, Liu W, Yang Z, Liu C, Li WX, Ning H. Mapping additive and epistatic QTLs for forage quality and yield in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merri.] in two environments. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1932593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Hu
- Department of Pratacultural Science, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pratacultural Science, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ting Gong
- Department of Pratacultural Science, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Pratacultural Science, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pratacultural Science, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pratacultural Science, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zouzhuan Yang
- Department of Pratacultural Science, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Government Big Data Center, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wen-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics, Ministry of Agriculture, Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hailong Ning
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics, Ministry of Agriculture, Soybean Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
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Youseif SH, Abd El-Megeed FH, Mohamed AH, Ageez A, Veliz E, Martínez-Romero E. Diverse Rhizobium strains isolated from root nodules of Trifolium alexandrinum in Egypt and symbiovars. Syst Appl Microbiol 2020; 44:126156. [PMID: 33232849 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2020.126156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Berseem clover (T. alexandrinum) is the main forage legume crop used as animal feed in Egypt. Here, eighty rhizobial isolates were isolated from root nodules of berseem clover grown in different regions in Egypt and were grouped by RFLP-16S rRNA ribotyping. Representative isolates were characterized using phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA, rpoB, glnA, pgi, and nodC genes. We also investigated the performance of these isolates using phenotypic tests and nitrogen fixation efficiency assays. The majority of strains (<90%) were closely related to Rhizobium aegyptiacum and Rhizobium aethiopicum and of the remaining strains, six belonged to the Rhizobium leguminosarum genospecies complex and only one strain was assigned to Agrobacterium fabacearum. Despite their heterogeneous chromosomal background, most of the strains shared nodC gene alleles corresponding to symbiovar trifolii. Some of the strains closely affiliated to R. aegyptiacum and R. aethiopicum had superior nodulation and nitrogen fixation capabilities in berseem clover, compared to the commercial inoculant (Okadein®) and N-added treatments. R. leguminosarum strain NGB-CR 17 that harbored a nodC allele typical of symbiovar viciae, was also able to form an effective symbiosis with clover. Two strains with nodC alleles of symbiovar trifolii, R. aegyptiacum strains NGB-CR 129 and 136, were capable of forming effective nodules in Phaseolus vulgaris in axenic greenhouse conditions. This adds the symbiovar trifolii which is well-established in the Egyptian soils to the list of symbiovars that form nodules in P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh H Youseif
- Department of Microbial Genetic Resources, National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt.
| | - Fayrouz H Abd El-Megeed
- Department of Microbial Genetic Resources, National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Akram H Mohamed
- Department of Microbial Genetic Resources, National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Amr Ageez
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; Faculty of Biotechnology, MSA University, 6 October City, Egypt
| | - Esteban Veliz
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Life Sciences Addition, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Lorenzo CD, García‐Gagliardi P, Antonietti MS, Sánchez‐Lamas M, Mancini E, Dezar CA, Vazquez M, Watson G, Yanovsky MJ, Cerdán PD. Improvement of alfalfa forage quality and management through the down-regulation of MsFTa1. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:944-954. [PMID: 31536663 PMCID: PMC7061867 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops worldwide. As a perennial, alfalfa is cut several times each year. Farmers face a dilemma: if cut earlier, forage nutritive value is much higher but regrowth is affected and the longevity of the stand is severely compromised. On the other hand, if alfalfa is cut later at full flower, stands persist longer and more biomass may be harvested, but the nutritive value diminishes. Alfalfa is a strict long-day plant. We reasoned that by manipulating the response to photoperiod, we could delay flowering to improve forage quality and widen each harvesting window, facilitating management. With this aim, we functionally characterized the FLOWERING LOCUS T family of genes, represented by five members: MsFTa1, MsFTa2, MsFTb1, MsFTb2 and MsFTc. The expression of MsFTa1 correlated with photoperiodic flowering and its down-regulation led to severe delayed flowering. Altogether, with late flowering, low expression of MsFTa1 led to changes in plant architecture resulting in increased leaf to stem biomass ratios and forage digestibility. By manipulating photoperiodic flowering, we were able to improve the quality of alfalfa forage and management, which may allow farmers to cut alfalfa of high nutritive value without compromising stand persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlos A. Dezar
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario (INDEAR)CONICETRosarioArgentina
| | - Martin Vazquez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario (INDEAR)CONICETRosarioArgentina
| | - Gerónimo Watson
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología de Rosario (INDEAR)CONICETRosarioArgentina
| | | | - Pablo D. Cerdán
- Fundación Instituto LeloirIIBBA‐CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
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Tayade R, Kulkarni KP, Jo H, Song JT, Lee JD. Insight Into the Prospects for the Improvement of Seed Starch in Legume-A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1213. [PMID: 31736985 PMCID: PMC6836628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In addition to proteins and/or oils, mature seeds of most legume crops contain important carbohydrate components, including starches and sugars. Starch is also an essential nutritional component of human and animal diets and has various food and non-food industrial applications. Starch is a primary insoluble polymeric carbohydrate produced by higher plants and consists of amylose and amylopectin as a major fraction. Legume seeds are an affordable source of not only protein but also the starch, which has an advantage of being resistant starch compared with cereal, root, and tuber starch. For these reasons, legume seeds form a good source of resistant starch-rich healthy food with a high protein content and can be utilized in various food applications. The genetics and molecular details of starch and other carbohydrate components are well studied in cereal crops but have received little attention in legumes. In order to improve legume starch content, quality, and quantity, it is necessary to understand the genetic and molecular factors regulating carbohydrate metabolism in legume crops. In this review, we assessed the current literature reporting the genetic and molecular basis of legume carbohydrate components, primarily focused on seed starch content. We provided an overview of starch biosynthesis in the heterotrophic organs, the chemical composition of major consumable legumes, the factors influencing starch digestibility, and advances in the genetic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic studies in important legume crops. Further, we discussed breeding and biotechnological approaches for the improvement of the starch composition in major legume crops. The information reviewed in this study will be helpful in facilitating the food and non-food applications of legume starch and provide economic benefits to farmers and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jeong-Dong Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Zhou X, Du J, Liu Y, Yang C, Lai J. Functional characterization of DiMMS21, a SUMO ligase from Desmodium intortum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:206-214. [PMID: 31176880 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation is an important protein modification that regulates the properties of substrate proteins in a variety of cellular processes. SUMOylation is catalyzed via a cascade of enzymes and is usually stimulated by SUMO E3 ligases. However, the molecular functions and regulatory mechanisms of SUMOylation in forage crops are unknown. Here, we isolated and functionally characterized DiMMS21, a homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana SUMO ligase AtMMS21, from the forage legume Desmodium intortum. DiMMS21 is expressed ubiquitously in various D. intortum organs and its encoded protein is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that DiMMS21 contains a conserved SP-RING domain that is required for its activity. Biochemical evidence supports the notion that this protein is a functional SUMO ligase. When expressed in an Arabidopsis mms21 mutant, DiMMS21 completely rescued the defects in root, leaf, and silique development. The results from cotyledon greening and marker gene expression suggested that DiMMS21 can only partially complements the role of AtMMS21 in abscisic acid (ABA) responses. In summary, we characterized the molecular features of DiMMS21 and uncovered potential roles of this SUMO ligase in development and ABA responses, increasing our understanding on the function of SUMOylation in forage crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinju Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, China; College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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