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Zhou M, Jin X, Jiang M, Lü X, Lou Y. Helophytes adapt to water and N-enrichment stresses by adjusting and coordinating stoichiometry characteristics in main organs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165538. [PMID: 37454833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the adaptation strategies of plants under stressful environments from an ecological stoichiometry perspective is a critical but underexplored research topic, and multi-organ collaborative research for multi-species can provide a comprehensive understanding. In this study, helophytes were selected as the subjects, and water depth and water N-enrichment were set as the stressors. A simulation experiment including three water depths (drought stress, control and flooding stress) and four water N-enrichment levels (control, low, medium and high N-enrichment stresses) for six helophyte species was carried out. Overall, C concentrations in all plant organs remained stable under water (drought-flooding stress) and N-enrichment stress. N concentrations increased under both flooding and drought stresses, while P concentrations and the N:P ratio showed an increase and decrease under only flooding stress, respectively. N concentration and N:P ratio increased with water N-enrichment level. The interaction only promoted the accumulation of N concentrations in aboveground organs. Especially, several species also changed organ C concentrations to adapt to water stress and adjusted root N concentrations for the combined stresses of flooding or drought and high N. Leaf and stem were strongly synergistic in N element, and leaf and root were mainly synergistic in P element. Water N-enrichment determined organ element concentrations more than water depth, and species identity dictated organ C:N:P ratios. Our results reveal that the allocation and synergy of nutrients among organs are important adaptive strategies for plants in stressful environments. Meanwhile, increasing water N-enrichment can be an unignored stressor, and species identity should be paid attention as a countermeasure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianglong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xianguo Lü
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yanjing Lou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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Chen XS, Huang Y, Cai YH, Hou ZY, Deng ZM, Li F, Zou YA, Xie YH. Belowground seed and bud banks play complementary roles in the potential recruitment of dominant macrophyte communities in a Yangtze River-connected floodplain wetland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1075496. [PMID: 36561449 PMCID: PMC9763321 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1075496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Both seed and bud banks play important roles in the recruitment and maintenance of macrophyte communities; however, few studies have investigated them simultaneously. We investigated the abundance, species composition, and seasonal patterns of seed and bud banks in two dominant macrophyte communities, Carex and Miscanthus, in the Dongting Lake wetlands. The seed densities of both communities were lower from November (after flooding) to March and increased dramatically before flooding (in May). The bud densities of the two dominant communities peaked in the coldest month of the year (January), decreased markedly in March, and were the lowest before flooding. The seed banks of the two macrophyte communities were mainly composed of annual species and a few perennial species, whereas the bud banks were composed of only dominant perennials. Furthermore, the perennial species present in bud banks did not occur in seed banks. Among the soil variables, the bud densities of both plant communities were negatively associated with soil bulk density, whereas the seed density of the Miscanthus community was positively associated with soil bulk density. Our results suggest that seed and bud banks are complementary in the potential recruitment of macrophyte communities; that is, bud banks regulate the demography of dominant perennials, and seed banks contribute to the recruitment and dispersal of annual species. Given the high abundance of annuals and near absence of the most dominant perennials in the seed bank, the bud banks of dominant perennial species should be more widely used in wetland restoration and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Sheng Chen
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-term Scientific Research Base, Dongzhi, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-He Cai
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hou
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Miao Deng
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Li
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ye-Ai Zou
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Hong Xie
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Huang Y, Chen XS, Zou YA, Zhang PY, Li F, Hou ZY, Li X, Zeng J, Deng ZM, Zhong JR, Xie YH. Exploring the relative contribution of flood regimes and climatic factors to Carex phenology in a Yangtze River-connected floodplain wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157568. [PMID: 35882330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrological regimes can combine with climatic factors to affect plant phenology; however, few studies have attempted to quantify their complex influences on plant phenology in floodplain wetlands. We obtained phenological information on Carex vegetation through MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data during 2001-2020, and monthly field investigation during 2011-2020. We then explored how these data were correlated with climatic factors and flood regimes in a Yangtze River-connected floodplain wetland (Dongting Lake, China). Our results showed that warmer temperature tended to advance the start of the pre-flooding growing season (SOS1), with a relative contribution of 76.1 %. Flood rising time strongly contributed to controlling the end of the pre-flooding growing season. Flood recession time and inundation duration were dominant factors determining the start of the post-flooding growing season (SOS2). Earlier flood recession time and shortened inundation duration tended to advance the SOS2. Shortened inundation duration, earlier flood recession time, and lower solar radiation tended to advance the end of the post-flooding growing season. The phenology of Carex distributed at high-elevation areas was more affected by hydrology than that of Carex distributed at low-elevation areas. Thus, climatic factors strongly affect the phenology of Carex during the pre-flooding growing season, whereas flood regimes play a dominant role in determining the phenology in the post-flooding growing season. The different responses of Carex phenology to climatic and flooding factors may provide insights for the conservation and management of floodplain wetlands in Yangtze River because Carex are primary food source and habitat for herbivorous waterfowls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Ye-Ai Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Hunan Natural Resources Affairs Center, Hunan Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Monitoring of Ecological Environment in Dongting Lake area, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Ping-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zheng-Miao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jia-Rong Zhong
- Hunan Changsha Yanghu National Wetland Park Management Office, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yong-Hong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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Chen YH, Wei GW, Cui Y, Luo FL. Nutrient Inputs Alleviate Negative Effects of Early and Subsequent Flooding on Growth of Polygonum hydropiper With the Aid of Adventitious Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:919409. [PMID: 35937344 PMCID: PMC9355131 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.919409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Riparian plants are exposed to harmful stress induced by flooding, which is often accompanied by eutrophication in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. The phenomenon is mainly caused by domestic sewage discharges, slow water flow, and agricultural fertilizer pollution. Simulating abiotic stress, such as flooding at the initial period, can act as a signal and induce positive responses of plants to subsequent severe stress. In addition, eutrophication supplies nutrients, provides a favorable environment in the early stages of plant, and facilitates good performance in later development. However, whether early flooding (with or without eutrophication) acts as positive cue or as stress on plants at different developmental stages remains unclear. To address this question, seeds of Polygonum hydropiper were collected from low and high elevations in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. Plants germinated from these seeds were subjected to shallower and shorter early flooding treatments with or without eutrophication. Subsequently, plants were subjected to deeper and longer flooding treatments with or without eutrophication. Early flooding and eutrophic flooding significantly induced generation of adventitious roots, suggesting morphological adaptation to flooding. Although early flooding and eutrophic flooding treatments did not increase plant biomass in subsequent treatments compared with control, stem length, length and width of the 1st fully expanded leaf, and biomass of plants in the early eutrophic treatment were higher than these of the early flooding treatment plants. These results suggest a negative lag-effect of early flooding, and also indicate that nutrient inputs can alleviate such effects. Similarly, subsequent eutrophic flooding also enhanced plant growth compared with subsequent flooding, showing significantly higher values of leaf traits and adventitious root number. Plants originated from low elevation had significantly higher functional leaf length and stem biomass compared with those from high elevation. These results suggest that nutrient inputs can alleviate negative effects of early and subsequent flooding on growth of P. hydropiper with the generation of adventitious roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Wen Wei
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Li Luo
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
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Bispo TM, Vieira EA. Assimilatory deficit and energy regulation in young Handroanthus chrysotrichus plants under flooding stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:323-336. [PMID: 35050423 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flooding negatively influences the growth and development of several plant species. Here, we show that the flood tolerance of young Handroanthus chrysotrichus plants involves growth deficit, carbon assimilation reductions, starch remobilization, and energy regulation. The effect of hypoxia was evaluated in a controlled experiment consisting of plants subjected to normoxia and water-logging, with later recovery. We measured morphological changes, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrates and starch contents, the activity of the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), and ATP and ADP levels. While control plants showed normal appearance and growth, flooded plants exhibited a drastic decrease in growth, necrosis of some root tips, hypertrophic lenticels on the stems, and foliar chlorosis. Oxygen deprivation in root cells led to a significant decrease in stomatal conductance. The low Amax rates caused a decline in foliar soluble sugar content at 20 days and a subsequent increase in the leaves and roots, coinciding with starch degradation at 40 days. We also observed increases of 220.5% in ADH and 292% in PDC activities in the roots at 20 and 40 days of flooding. The activation of anaerobic metabolism in stressed plants was an essential mechanism for ATP regulation in both tissues used to maintain a minimal metabolism to cope with hypoxia to the detriment of growth. The post-stress recovery process in H. chrysotrichus occurred slowly, with gas exchange gradually resumed and anaerobic metabolism and sugar content maintained to improve energy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailysa Morais Bispo
- Laboratory of Biology, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UEMS, Coxim, Brazil
| | - Evandro Alves Vieira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
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6
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:619-645. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Huang Y, Chen XS, Li F, Hou ZY, Li X, Zeng J, Deng ZM, Zou YA, Xie YH. Community Trait Responses of Three Dominant Macrophytes to Variations in Flooding During 2011-2019 in a Yangtze River-Connected Floodplain Wetland (Dongting Lake, China). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:604677. [PMID: 34122461 PMCID: PMC8193728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.604677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In lacustrine wetlands connected to rivers, the changes in flood regimes caused by hydrological projects lead to changes in the community traits of dominant macrophytes and, consequently, influence the structure and function of wetland vegetation. However, community trait responses of macrophytes to the timing and duration of flood disturbance have been rarely quantified. In 2011-2019, we investigated plant species diversity, density, and biomass in three dominant macrophyte communities (Carex brevicuspis C.B. Clarke, Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hackel, and Polygonum hydropiper L.) through monthly field surveys in Dongting Lake wetlands. Partial least squares regressions were used to analyze how the variations in hydrological regimes affected plant community traits. Apparent inter-annual fluctuations in plant community traits were detected during 2011-2019. The species richness and Shannon index of diversity of Miscanthus and Polygonum communities increased, whereas the Shannon index of diversity of Carex community decreased. Variation in flooding had a greater effect on Polygonum and Carex community traits than on Miscanthus community traits. Flooding disturbed all plant communities, especially when the duration and timing varied. Shorter inundation periods caused the biomass of Miscanthus community to decline, and that of Carex and Polygonum communities to increase. Earlier flood recession caused the species richness and Shannon index of diversity of Polygonum and Miscanthus community to increase, and those of Carex community to decrease. These findings imply that shorter inundation durations and earlier flood recession generated by the operation of the Three Gorges Dam have changed the macrophyte growth pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Miao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ye-Ai Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Hong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Šola I, Stić P, Rusak G. Effect of flooding and drought on the content of phenolics, sugars, photosynthetic pigments and vitamin C, and antioxidant potential of young Chinese cabbage. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wei GW, Sun XS, Chen YH, Luo FL, Yu FH. Growth and reproductive responses of Polygonum hydropiper populations to elevational difference associated with flooding. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Wei GW, Chen Y, Sun XS, Chen YH, Luo FL, Yu FH. Growth responses of eight wetland species to water level fluctuation with different ranges and frequencies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220231. [PMID: 31344145 PMCID: PMC6657884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluctuation range and frequency are two important components of water level fluctuation, but their effects on wetland plants have not been evaluated separately. We subjected eight wetland species to a control treatment with static water level and fluctuation treatments with different ranges or frequencies to examine their effects on plant growth. Acorus calamus, Butomus umbellatus and Iris wilsonii showed high survival rates in all treatments with various fluctuation ranges and frequencies. Their survival rates were higher at the medium fluctuation frequency than at the low and high frequencies, suggesting beneficial effects of the medium frequency. In the experiment comparing the fluctuation ranges, A. calamus and I. wilsonii could maintain the capacity for asexual propagation and accumulate higher biomass compared with the control plants, while biomass of the other six species dramatically decreased. In the experiment comparing fluctuation frequency, species with relatively high survival rates (≥ 50%) maintained or increased the capacity of asexual propagation, and A. calamus and I. wilsonii allocated relatively more biomass to roots, which may enhance plant growth and survival. In contrast, these species did not show increased biomass allocation to shoots in response to both fluctuation range and frequency, presumably because shoots are prone to mechanical damage caused by streaming floodwater. Taken together, biomass accumulation in roots rather than in shoots and the ability to asexually propagate are important for the survival of these species during water fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Wen Wei
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Sun
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Li Luo
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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