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Kartseva T, Aleksandrov V, Alqudah AM, Arif MAR, Kocheva K, Doneva D, Prokopova K, Börner A, Misheva S. GWAS in a Collection of Bulgarian Old and Modern Bread Wheat Accessions Uncovers Novel Genomic Loci for Grain Protein Content and Thousand Kernel Weight. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1084. [PMID: 38674493 PMCID: PMC11054703 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Genetic enhancement of grain production and quality is a priority in wheat breeding projects. In this study, we assessed two key agronomic traits-grain protein content (GPC) and thousand kernel weight (TKW)-across 179 Bulgarian contemporary and historic varieties and landraces across three growing seasons. Significant phenotypic variation existed for both traits among genotypes and seasons, and no discernible difference was evident between the old and modern accessions. To understand the genetic basis of the traits, we conducted a genome-wide association study with MLM using phenotypic data from the crop seasons, best linear unbiased estimators, and genotypic data from the 25K Infinium iSelect array. As a result, we detected 16 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with GPC and 15 associated with TKW, all of which passed the false discovery rate threshold. Seven loci favorably influenced GPC, resulting in an increase of 1.4% to 8.1%, while four loci had a positive impact on TKW with increases ranging from 1.9% to 8.4%. While some loci confirmed previously published associations, four QTNs linked to GPC on chromosomes 2A, 7A, and 7B, as well as two QTNs related to TKW on chromosomes 1B and 6A, may represent novel associations. Annotations for proteins involved in the senescence-associated nutrient remobilization and in the following buildup of resources required for seed germination have been found for selected putative candidate genes. These include genes coding for storage proteins, cysteine proteases, cellulose-synthase, alpha-amylase, transcriptional regulators, and F-box and RWP-RK family proteins. Our findings highlight promising genomic regions for targeted breeding programs aimed at improving grain yield and protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Kartseva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Vladimir Aleksandrov
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Ahmad M. Alqudah
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Art and Science, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Mian Abdur Rehman Arif
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Konstantina Kocheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Dilyana Doneva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Katelina Prokopova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK Gatersleben), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany;
| | - Svetlana Misheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.)
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Alomari DZ, Schierenbeck M, Alqudah AM, Alqahtani MD, Wagner S, Rolletschek H, Borisjuk L, Röder MS. Wheat Grains as a Sustainable Source of Protein for Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:4398. [PMID: 37892473 PMCID: PMC10609835 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein deficiency is recognized among the major global health issues with an underestimation of its importance. Genetic biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable strategy to overcome global protein malnutrition. This study was designed to focus on protein-dense grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and identify the genes governing grain protein content (GPC) that improve end-use quality and in turn human health. Genome-wide association was applied using the 90k iSELECT Infinium and 35k Affymetrix arrays with GPC quantified by using a proteomic-based technique in 369 wheat genotypes over three field-year trials. The results showed significant natural variation among bread wheat genotypes that led to detecting 54 significant quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) surpassing the false discovery rate (FDR) threshold. These QTNs showed contrasting effects on GPC ranging from -0.50 to +0.54% that can be used for protein content improvement. Further bioinformatics analyses reported that these QTNs are genomically linked with 35 candidate genes showing high expression during grain development. The putative candidate genes have functions in the binding, remobilization, or transport of protein. For instance, the promising QTN AX-94727470 on chromosome 6B increases GPC by +0.47% and is physically located inside the gene TraesCS6B02G384500 annotated as Trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (T6P), which can be employed to improve grain protein quality. Our findings are valuable for the enhancement of protein content and end-use quality in one of the major daily food resources that ultimately improve human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Z. Alomari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Matías Schierenbeck
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany; (S.W.); (H.R.); (L.B.); (M.S.R.)
- CONICET CCT La Plata, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ahmad M. Alqudah
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Art and Science, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Mashael Daghash Alqahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany; (S.W.); (H.R.); (L.B.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany; (S.W.); (H.R.); (L.B.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany; (S.W.); (H.R.); (L.B.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Marion S. Röder
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany; (S.W.); (H.R.); (L.B.); (M.S.R.)
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Orlovskaya ОA, Leonova IN, Solovey LA, Dubovets NI. Molecular cytological analysis of alien introgressions in common wheat lines created by crossing of Triticum aestivum with T. dicoccoides and T. dicoccum. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:553-564. [PMID: 38023811 PMCID: PMC10643109 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild and domesticated emmer (ВВАА, 2n = 28) are of significant interest for expanding the genetic diversity of common wheat as sources of a high protein and microelement grain content, resistance to many biotic and abiotic factors. Particular interest in these species is also determined by their close relationship with Triticum aestivum L., which facilitates interspecific hybridization. The objective of this work was to analyze the nature of alien introgressions in hybrid lines from crossing common wheat varieties with T. dicoccoides and T. dicoccum, and to assess the effect of their genome fragments on the cytological stability of introgression lines. A C-banding technique and genotyping with SNP and SSR markers were used to determine localization and length of introgression fragments. Assessment of cytological stability was carried out on the basis of chromosome behavior in microsporogenesis. A molecular cytogenetic analysis of introgression wheat lines indicated that the inclusion of the genetic material of wild and domesticated emmer was carried out mainly in the form of whole arms or large fragments in the chromosomes of the B genome and less extended inserts in the A genome. At the same time, the highest frequency of introgressions of the emmer genome was observed in chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2B, and 3B. The analysis of the final stage of meiosis showed a high level of cytological stability in the vast majority of introgression wheat lines (meiotic index was 83.0-99.0 %), which ensures the formation of functional gametes in an amount sufficient for successful reproduction. These lines are of interest for the selection of promising material with agronomically valuable traits and their subsequent inclusion in the breeding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- О A Orlovskaya
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - I N Leonova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Department of Genetics and Selection, Novosibirsk State Agricultural University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L A Solovey
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - N I Dubovets
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
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Leonova IN, Kiseleva AA, Berezhnaya AA, Orlovskaya OA, Salina EA. Novel Genetic Loci from Triticum timopheevii Associated with Gluten Content Revealed by GWAS in Wheat Breeding Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13304. [PMID: 37686111 PMCID: PMC10487702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The content and quality of gluten in wheat grain is a distinctive characteristic that determines the final properties of wheat flour. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on a wheat panel consisting of bread wheat varieties and the introgression lines (ILs) obtained via hybridization with tetraploid wheat relatives. A total of 17 stable quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) located on chromosomes 1D, 2A, 2B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 7B, and 7D that explained up to 21% of the phenotypic variation were identified. Among them, the QTLs on chromosomes 2A and 7B were found to contain three and six linked SNP markers, respectively. Comparative analysis of wheat genotypes according to the composition of haplotypes for the three closely linked SNPs of chromosome 2A indicated that haplotype TT/AA/GG was characteristic of ten ILs containing introgressions from T. timopheevii. The gluten content in the plants with TT/AA/GG haplotype was significantly higher than in the varieties with haplotype GG/GG/AA. Having compared the newly obtained data with the previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) we inferred that the locus on chromosome 2A inherited from T. timopheevii is potentially novel. The introgression lines containing the new locus can be used as sources of genetic factors to improve the quality traits of bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N. Leonova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.A.B.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Antonina A. Kiseleva
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.A.B.); (E.A.S.)
- Kurchatov Genomics Center IC&G SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alina A. Berezhnaya
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.A.B.); (E.A.S.)
- Kurchatov Genomics Center IC&G SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga A. Orlovskaya
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Elena A. Salina
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.A.B.); (E.A.S.)
- Kurchatov Genomics Center IC&G SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Song B, Ning W, Wei D, Jiang M, Zhu K, Wang X, Edwards D, Odeny DA, Cheng S. Plant genome resequencing and population genomics: Current status and future prospects. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1252-1268. [PMID: 37501370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Advances in DNA sequencing technology have sparked a genomics revolution, driving breakthroughs in plant genetics and crop breeding. Recently, the focus has shifted from cataloging genetic diversity in plants to exploring their functional significance and delivering beneficial alleles for crop improvement. This transformation has been facilitated by the increasing adoption of whole-genome resequencing. In this review, we summarize the current progress of population-based genome resequencing studies and how these studies affect crop breeding. A total of 187 land plants from 163 countries have been resequenced, comprising 54 413 accessions. As part of resequencing efforts 367 traits have been surveyed and 86 genome-wide association studies have been conducted. Economically important crops, particularly cereals, vegetables, and legumes, have dominated the resequencing efforts, leaving a gap in 49 orders, including Lycopodiales, Liliales, Acorales, Austrobaileyales, and Commelinales. The resequenced germplasm is distributed across diverse geographic locations, providing a global perspective on plant genomics. We highlight genes that have been selected during domestication, or associated with agronomic traits, and form a repository of candidate genes for future research and application. Despite the opportunities for cross-species comparative genomics, many population genomic datasets are not accessible, impeding secondary analyses. We call for a more open and collaborative approach to population genomics that promotes data sharing and encourages contribution-based credit policy. The number of plant genome resequencing studies will continue to rise with the decreasing DNA sequencing costs, coupled with advances in analysis and computational technologies. This expansion, in terms of both scale and quality, holds promise for deeper insights into plant trait genetics and breeding design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Weidong Ning
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Informatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Di Wei
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 53007, China
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xingwei Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Damaris A Odeny
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) - Eastern and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shifeng Cheng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
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Kartseva T, Alqudah AM, Aleksandrov V, Alomari DZ, Doneva D, Arif MAR, Börner A, Misheva S. Nutritional Genomic Approach for Improving Grain Protein Content in Wheat. Foods 2023; 12:1399. [PMID: 37048220 PMCID: PMC10093644 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain protein content (GPC) is a key aspect of grain quality, a major determinant of the flour functional properties and grain nutritional value of bread wheat. Exploiting diverse germplasms to identify genes for improving crop performance and grain nutritional quality is needed to enhance food security. Here, we evaluated GPC in a panel of 255 Triticum aestivum L. accessions from 27 countries. GPC determined in seeds from three consecutive crop seasons varied from 8.6 to 16.4% (11.3% on average). Significant natural phenotypic variation in GPC among genotypes and seasons was detected. The population was evaluated for the presence of the trait-linked single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers via a genome-wide association study (GWAS). GWAS analysis conducted with calculated best linear unbiased estimates (BLUEs) of phenotypic data and 90 K SNP array using the fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) model identified seven significant genomic regions harboring GPC-associated markers on chromosomes 1D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4B and 5A, of which those on 3A and 3B shared associated SNPs with at least one crop season. The verified SNP-GPC associations provide new promising genomic signals on 3A (SNPs: Excalibur_c13709_2568 and wsnp_Ku_c7811_13387117) and 3B (SNP: BS00062734_51) underlying protein improvement in wheat. Based on the linkage disequilibrium for significant SNPs, the most relevant candidate genes within a 4 Mbp-window included genes encoding a subtilisin-like serine protease; amino acid transporters; transcription factors; proteins with post-translational regulatory functions; metabolic proteins involved in the starch, cellulose and fatty acid biosynthesis; protective and structural proteins, and proteins associated with metal ions transport or homeostasis. The availability of molecular markers within or adjacent to the sequences of the detected candidate genes might assist a breeding strategy based on functional markers to improve genetic gains for GPC and nutritional quality in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Kartseva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Ahmad M. Alqudah
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Art and Science, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Vladimir Aleksandrov
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Dalia Z. Alomari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Dilyana Doneva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Mian Abdur Rehman Arif
- Wheat Breeding Group, Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plants Research (IPK Gatersleben), Corrensstraße 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany;
| | - Svetlana Misheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (V.A.); (D.D.)
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Yan H, Zhang H, Zhou P, Ren C, Peng Y. Genome-Wide Association Mapping of QTL Underlying Groat Protein Content of a Diverse Panel of Oat Accessions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065581. [PMID: 36982656 PMCID: PMC10053717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Groat protein content (GPC) is a key quality trait attribute in oat. Understanding the variation of GPC in oat germplasms and identifying genomic regions associated with GPC are essential for improving this trait. In this study, the GPC of 174 diverse oat accessions was evaluated in three field trials. The results showed a wide variation in GPC, ranging from 6.97% to 22.24% in this panel. Hulless oats displayed a significantly higher GPC compared to hulled oats across all environments. A GWAS analysis was performed based on 38,313 high-quality SNPs, which detected 27 non-redundant QTLs with 41 SNPs significantly associated with GPC. Two QTLs on chromosome 6C (QTL16) and 4D (QTL11) were consistently detected in multiple environments, with QTL16 being the most significant and explaining the highest proportion of the phenotypical variation in all tested environments except in CZ20. Haplotype analysis showed that the favorable haplotypes for GPC are more prevalent in hulless oats. These findings provide a foundation for future efforts to incorporate favorable alleles into new cultivars through introgression, fine mapping, and cloning of promising QTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haixu Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pingping Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changzhong Ren
- National Oat Improvement Center, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng 137000, China
| | - Yuanying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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Molecular Mapping of Biofortification Traits in Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Using a High-Density SNP Based Linkage Map. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14010221. [PMID: 36672962 PMCID: PMC9859277 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of 188 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a high-yielding Indian bread wheat cultivar HD2932 and a synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) Synthetic 46 derived from tetraploid Triticum turgidum (AA, BB 2n = 28) and diploid Triticum tauschii (DD, 2n = 14) was used to identify novel genomic regions associated in the expression of grain iron concentration (GFeC), grain zinc concentration (GZnC), grain protein content (GPC) and thousand kernel weight (TKW). The RIL population was genotyped using SNPs from 35K Axiom® Wheat Breeder's Array and 34 SSRs and phenotyped in two environments. A total of nine QTLs including five for GPC (QGpc.iari_1B, QGpc.iari_4A, QGpc.iari_4B, QGpc.iari_5D, and QGpc.iari_6B), two for GFeC (QGfec.iari_5B and QGfec.iari_6B), and one each for GZnC (QGznc.iari_7A) and TKW (QTkw.iari_4B) were identified. A total of two stable and co-localized QTLs (QGpc.iari_4B and QTkw.iari_4B) were identified on the 4B chromosome between the flanking region of Xgwm149-AX-94559916. In silico analysis revealed that the key putative candidate genes such as P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphatehydrolase, Nodulin-like protein, NAC domain, Purine permease, Zinc-binding ribosomal protein, Cytochrome P450, Protein phosphatase 2A, Zinc finger CCCH-type, and Kinesin motor domain were located within the identified QTL regions and these putative genes are involved in the regulation of iron homeostasis, zinc transportation, Fe, Zn, and protein remobilization to the developing grain, regulation of grain size and shape, and increased nitrogen use efficiency. The identified novel QTLs, particularly stable and co-localized QTLs are useful for subsequent use in marker-assisted selection (MAS).
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Identification of Glu-D1 Alleles and Novel Marker-Trait Associations for Flour Quality and Grain Yield Traits under Heat-Stress Environments in Wheat Lines Derived from Diverse Accessions of Aegilops tauschii. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912034. [PMID: 36233335 PMCID: PMC9569812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress during grain filling is considered one of the major abiotic factors influencing wheat grain yield and quality in arid and semi-arid regions. We studied the effect of heat stress on flour quality and grain yield at moderate and continuous heat stress under natural field conditions using 147 lines of wheat multiple synthetic derivatives (MSD) containing Aegilops tauschii introgressions. The study aimed to identify the marker–trait associations (MTAs) for the quality traits and grain yield under heat-stress conditions and identify stress-resilient germplasm-combining traits for good flour quality and grain yield. The MSD lines showed considerable genetic variation for quality traits and grain yield under heat-stress conditions; some lines performed better than the recurrent parent, Norin 61. We identified two MSD lines that consistently maintained relative performance (RP) values above 100% for grain yield and dough strength. We found the presence of three high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) at the Glu-D1 locus derived from Ae. tauschii, which were associated with stable dough strength across the four environments used in this study. These HMW-GSs could be potentially useful in applications for future improvements of end-use quality traits targeting wheat under severe heat stress. A total of 19,155 high-quality SNP markers were used for the genome-wide association analysis and 251 MTAs were identified, most of them on the D genome, confirming the power of the MSD panel as a platform for mining and exploring the genes of Ae. tauschii. We identified the MTAs for dough strength under heat stress, which simultaneously control grain yield and relative performance for dough strength under heat-stress/optimum conditions. This study proved that Ae. tauschii is an inexhaustible resource for genetic mining, and the identified lines and pleiotropic MTAs reported in this study are considered a good resource for the development of resilient wheat cultivars that combine both good flour quality and grain yield under stress conditions using marker-assisted selection.
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Saini P, Sheikh I, Saini DK, Mir RR, Dhaliwal HS, Tyagi V. Consensus genomic regions associated with grain protein content in hexaploid and tetraploid wheat. Front Genet 2022; 13:1021180. [PMID: 36246648 PMCID: PMC9554612 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1021180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis of QTLs associated with grain protein content (GPC) was conducted in hexaploid and tetraploid wheat to identify robust and stable meta-QTLs (MQTLs). For this purpose, as many as 459 GPC-related QTLs retrieved from 48 linkage-based QTL mapping studies were projected onto the newly developed wheat consensus map. The analysis resulted in the prediction of 57 MQTLs and 7 QTL hotspots located on all wheat chromosomes (except chromosomes 1D and 4D) and the average confidence interval reduced 2.71-fold in the MQTLs and QTL hotspots compared to the initial QTLs. The physical regions occupied by the MQTLs ranged from 140 bp to 224.02 Mb with an average of 15.2 Mb, whereas the physical regions occupied by QTL hotspots ranged from 1.81 Mb to 36.03 Mb with a mean of 8.82 Mb. Nineteen MQTLs and two QTL hotspots were also found to be co-localized with 45 significant SNPs identified in 16 previously published genome-wide association studies in wheat. Candidate gene (CG) investigation within some selected MQTLs led to the identification of 705 gene models which also included 96 high-confidence CGs showing significant expressions in different grain-related tissues and having probable roles in GPC regulation. These significantly expressed CGs mainly involved the genes/gene families encoding for the following proteins: aminotransferases, early nodulin 93, glutamine synthetases, invertase/pectin methylesterase inhibitors, protein BIG GRAIN 1-like, cytochrome P450, glycosyl transferases, hexokinases, small GTPases, UDP-glucuronosyl/UDP-glucosyltransferases, and EamA, SANT/Myb, GNAT, thioredoxin, phytocyanin, and homeobox domains containing proteins. Further, eight genes including GPC-B1, Glu-B1-1b, Glu-1By9, TaBiP1, GSr, TaNAC019-A, TaNAC019-D, and bZIP-TF SPA already known to be associated with GPC were also detected within some of the MQTL regions confirming the efficacy of MQTLs predicted during the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Saini
- Department of Genetics-Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India
| | - Imran Sheikh
- Department of Genetics-Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punajb Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Harcharan Singh Dhaliwal
- Department of Genetics-Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India
| | - Vikrant Tyagi
- Department of Genetics-Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, India
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11
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Genome-Wide Investigation and Functional Verification of the ZIP Family Transporters in Wild Emmer Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052866. [PMID: 35270007 PMCID: PMC8911026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc/iron-regulated transporter-like protein (ZIP) family has a crucial role in Zn homeostasis of plants. Although the ZIP genes have been systematically studied in many plant species, the significance of this family in wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is not yet well understood. In this study, a genome-wide investigation of ZIPs genes based on the wild emmer reference genome was conducted, and 33 TdZIP genes were identified. Protein structure analysis revealed that TdZIP proteins had 1 to 13 transmembrane (TM) domains and most of them were predicted to be located on the plasma membrane. These TdZIPs can be classified into three clades in a phylogenetic tree. They were annotated as being involved in inorganic ion transport and metabolism. Cis-acting analysis showed that several elements were involved in hormone, stresses, grain-filling, and plant development. Expression pattern analysis indicated that TdZIP genes were highly expressed in different tissues. TdZIP genes showed different expression patterns in response to Zn deficiency and that 11 genes were significantly induced in either roots or both roots and shoots of Zn-deficient plants. Yeast complementation analysis showed that TdZIP1A-3, TdZIP6B-1, TdZIP6B-2, TdZIP7A-3, and TdZIP7B-2 have the capacity to transport Zn. Overexpression of TdZIP6B-1 in rice showed increased Zn concentration in roots compared with wild-type plants. The expression levels of TdZIP6B-1 in transgenic rice were upregulated in normal Zn concentration compared to that of no Zn. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the ZIP gene family in wild emmer wheat and paves the way for future functional analysis and genetic improvement of Zn deficiency tolerance in wheat.
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12
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Leonova IN, Kiseleva AA, Berezhnaya AA, Stasyuk AI, Likhenko IE, Salina EA. Identification of QTLs for Grain Protein Content in Russian Spring Wheat Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:437. [PMID: 35161418 PMCID: PMC8840037 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most modern breeding programs aim to develop wheat (T. aestivum L.) varieties with a high grain protein content (GPC) due to its greater milling and cooking quality, and improved grain price. Here, we used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to map single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with GPC in 93 spring bread wheat varieties developed by eight Russian Breeding Centers. The varieties were evaluated for GPC, grain weight per spike (GWS), and thousand-kernel weight (TKW) at six environments, and genotyped with 9351 polymorphic SNPs and two SNPs associated with the NAM-A1 gene. GPC varied from 9.8 to 20.0%, depending on the genotype and environment. Nearly 52% of the genotypes had a GPC > 14.5%, which is the threshold value for entry into high-class wheat varieties. Broad-sense heritability for GPC was moderate (0.42), which is due to the significant effect of environment and genotype × environment interactions. GWAS performed on mean GPC evaluated across six environments identified eleven significant marker-trait associations, of which nine were physically mapped on chromosome 6A. Screening of wheat varieties for allelic variants of the NAM-A1 gene indicated that 60% of the varieties contained the NAM-A1c allele, followed by 33% for NAM-A1d, and 5% for NAM-A1a alleles. Varieties with the NAM-A1d allele showed significantly (p < 0.01) smaller GPC than those with NAM-A1c and NAM-A1a. However, no significant differences between NAM-A1 alleles were observed for both GWS and TKW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N. Leonova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.A.B.); (A.I.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Antonina A. Kiseleva
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.A.B.); (A.I.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Alina A. Berezhnaya
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.A.B.); (A.I.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Anatoly I. Stasyuk
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.A.B.); (A.I.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Ivan E. Likhenko
- Siberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia;
| | - Elena A. Salina
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.A.B.); (A.I.S.); (E.A.S.)
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13
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Gong F, Qi T, Zhang T, Lu Y, Liu J, Zhong X, He J, Li Y, Zheng Y, Liu D, Huang L, Wu B. Comparison of the Agronomic, Cytological, Grain Protein Characteristics, as Well as Transcriptomic Profile of Two Wheat Lines Derived From Wild Emmer. Front Genet 2022; 12:804481. [PMID: 35154252 PMCID: PMC8831750 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.804481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two advanced wheat lines BAd7-209 and BAd23-1 without the functional gene GPC-B1 were obtained from a cross between common wheat cultivar Chuannong 16 (CN16) and wild emmer wheat accession D97 (D97). BAd7-209 showed superior quality parameters than those of BAd23-1 and CN16. We found that the components of glutenins and gliadins in BAd7-209 and BAd23-1 were similar, whereas BAd7-209 had higher amount of glutenins and gliadins than those of BAd23-1. RNA sequencing analysis on developing grains of BAd7-209 and BAd23-1 as well as their parents revealed 382 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the high–grain protein content (GPC) (D97 + BAd7-209) and the low-GPC (CN16 + BAd23-1) groups. DEGs were mainly associated with transcriptional regulation of the storage protein genes, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, and protein export pathways. The upregulated gluten genes and transcription factors (e.g., NAC, MYB, and bZIP) may contribute to the high GPC in BAd7-209. Our results provide insights into the potential regulation pathways underlying wheat grain protein accumulation and contribute to make use of wild emmer for wheat quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiangang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingshu He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfang Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Huang, ; Bihua Wu,
| | - Bihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Huang, ; Bihua Wu,
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14
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Gogolev YV, Ahmar S, Akpinar BA, Budak H, Kiryushkin AS, Gorshkov VY, Hensel G, Demchenko KN, Kovalchuk I, Mora-Poblete F, Muslu T, Tsers ID, Yadav NS, Korzun V. OMICs, Epigenetics, and Genome Editing Techniques for Food and Nutritional Security. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1423. [PMID: 34371624 PMCID: PMC8309286 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The incredible success of crop breeding and agricultural innovation in the last century greatly contributed to the Green Revolution, which significantly increased yields and ensures food security, despite the population explosion. However, new challenges such as rapid climate change, deteriorating soil, and the accumulation of pollutants require much faster responses and more effective solutions that cannot be achieved through traditional breeding. Further prospects for increasing the efficiency of agriculture are undoubtedly associated with the inclusion in the breeding strategy of new knowledge obtained using high-throughput technologies and new tools in the future to ensure the design of new plant genomes and predict the desired phenotype. This article provides an overview of the current state of research in these areas, as well as the study of soil and plant microbiomes, and the prospective use of their potential in a new field of microbiome engineering. In terms of genomic and phenomic predictions, we also propose an integrated approach that combines high-density genotyping and high-throughput phenotyping techniques, which can improve the prediction accuracy of quantitative traits in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V. Gogolev
- Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
- Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, 1 Poniente 1141, Talca 3460000, Chile; (S.A.); (F.M.-P.)
| | | | - Hikmet Budak
- Montana BioAg Inc., Missoula, MT 59802, USA; (B.A.A.); (H.B.)
| | - Alexey S. Kiryushkin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.K.); (K.N.D.)
| | - Vladimir Y. Gorshkov
- Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
- Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Centre for Plant Genome Engineering, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kirill N. Demchenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.K.); (K.N.D.)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (I.K.); (N.S.Y.)
| | - Freddy Mora-Poblete
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, 1 Poniente 1141, Talca 3460000, Chile; (S.A.); (F.M.-P.)
| | - Tugdem Muslu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ivan D. Tsers
- Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Narendra Singh Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (I.K.); (N.S.Y.)
| | - Viktor Korzun
- Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
- KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Grimsehlstr. 31, 37555 Einbeck, Germany
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15
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Ullah S, Randhawa IAS, Trethowan R. Genome-wide association study of multiple traits linked to heat tolerance in emmer-derived hexaploid wheat genotypes. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:29. [PMID: 37309354 PMCID: PMC10236052 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress tolerance in plants is a complex trait controlled by multiple genes of minor effect which are influenced by the environment and this makes breeding and selection complicated. Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) carries valuable diversity that can be used to improve the heat tolerance of modern bread wheat. A diverse set of emmer-based genotypes was developed by crossing emmer wheat with hexaploid wheat. These materials, along with their hexaploid recurrent parents and commercial cultivars, were evaluated at optimum (E1) and heat stressed (E2) sowing times in the field for three consecutive years (2014-2016). The material was genotyped using the Infinium iSelect SNP 90K SNP Assay. The phenotypic data were combined across years within each sowing time and best linear unbiased estimators calculated for each genotype in each environment. These estimates were used for GWAS analysis. Significant phenotypic and genotypic variation was observed for all traits. A total of 125 and 142 marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified in E1 and E2, respectively. The highest number of MTAs were observed on the A genome (106), followed by the B (105) and D (56) genomes. MTAs with pleiotropic effects within and across the environments were observed. Many of the MTAs found were reported previously for various traits, and a few significant MTAs under heat stress were new and linked to emmer genome. Genomic regions identified on chromosomes 2B and 3A had a significant positive impact on grain yield under stress with a 7% allelic effect. Genomic regions on chromosomes 1A and 4B contributed 11% and 9% of the variation for thousand kernel weight (TKW) under heat stress respectively. Following fine mapping, these regions could be used for marker-assisted selection to improve heat tolerance in wheat. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01222-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smi Ullah
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute and Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales 2390 Australia
| | - Imtiaz A. S. Randhawa
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343 Australia
| | - Richard Trethowan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute and Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales 2390 Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute and Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales 2570 Australia
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16
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Liu J, Huang L, Li T, Liu Y, Yan Z, Tang G, Zheng Y, Liu D, Wu B. Genome-Wide Association Study for Grain Micronutrient Concentrations in Wheat Advanced Lines Derived From Wild Emmer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:651283. [PMID: 34054897 PMCID: PMC8160437 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.651283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the important staple crops as the resources of both food and micronutrient for most people of the world. However, the levels of micronutrients (especially Fe and Zn) in common wheat are inherently low. Biofortification is an effective way to increase the micronutrient concentration of wheat. Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, AABB, 2n = 4x = 28) is an important germplasm resource for wheat micronutrients improvement. In the present study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to characterize grain iron, zinc, and manganese concentration (GFeC, GZnC, and GMnC) in 161 advanced lines derived from wild emmer. Using both the general linear model and mixed linear model, we identified 14 high-confidence significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) that were associated with GFeC, GZnC, and GMnC of which nine MTAs were novel. Six MTAs distributed on chromosomes 3B, 4A, 4B, 5A, and 7B were significantly associated with GFeC. Three MTAs on 1A and 2A were significantly associated with GZnC and five MTAs on 1B were significantly associated with GMnC. These MTAs show no negative effects on thousand kernel weight (TKW), implying the potential value for simultaneous improvement of micronutrient concentrations and TKW in breeding. Meanwhile, the GFeC, GZnC and GMnC are positively correlated, suggesting that these traits could be simultaneously improved. Genotypes containing high-confidence MTAs and 61 top genotypes with a higher concentration of grain micronutrients were recommended for wheat biofortification breeding. A total of 38 candidate genes related to micronutrient concentrations were identified. These candidates can be classified into four main groups: enzymes, transporter proteins, MYB transcription factor, and plant defense responses proteins. The MTAs and associated candidate genes provide essential information for wheat biofortification breeding through marker-assisted selection (MAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zehong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Guan Tang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Bihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
- *Correspondence: Bihua Wu
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17
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Wang D, Cao Z, Wang W, Zhu W, Hao X, Fang Z, Liu S, Wang X, Zhao C, Tang Y. Genome-Wide Characterization of OFP Family Genes in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Reveals That TaOPF29a-A Promotes Drought Tolerance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9708324. [PMID: 33224986 PMCID: PMC7666709 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9708324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OVATE family proteins (OFPs) are plant-specific transcription factors that play important roles in plant development. Although common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple food worldwide, OFPs have not been systematically analyzed in this important crop. Here, we performed a genome-wide survey of OFP genes in wheat and identified 100 genes belonging to 34 homoeologous groups. Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa), and wheat OFP genes were divided into four subgroups based on their phylogenetic relationships. Structural analysis indicated that only four TaOFPs contain introns. We mapped the TaOFP genes onto the wheat chromosomes and determined that TaOFP17 was duplicated in this crop. A survey of cis-acting elements along the promoter regions of TaOFP genes suggested that subfunctionalization of homoeologous genes might have occurred during evolution. The TaOFPs were highly expressed in wheat, with tissue- or organ-specific expression patterns. In addition, these genes were induced by various hormone and stress treatments. For instance, TaOPF29a-A was highly expressed in roots in response to drought stress. Wheat plants overexpressing TaOPF29a-A had longer roots and higher dry weights than nontransgenic plants under drought conditions, suggesting that this gene improves drought tolerance. Our findings provide a starting point for further functional analysis of this important transcription factor family and highlight the potential of using TaOPF29a-A to genetically engineer drought-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhou Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhichen Cao
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wengen Zhu
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaocong Hao
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhaofeng Fang
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Changping Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yimiao Tang
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
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18
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Comparative analysis of developing grain transcriptome reveals candidate genes and pathways improving GPC in wheat lines derived from wild emmer. J Appl Genet 2020; 62:17-25. [PMID: 33063291 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The grain protein content (GPC) in modern wheat is inherently low. Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, 2n = 4x = 28, AABB) gene pool harbors wide genotypic variations in GPC. However, the characterization of candidate genes associated with high GPC is a challenge due to the complex characteristic of this trait. In the current study, we performed RNA-seq analysis on developing grains of wild emmer genotype D1, common wheat CN16, and their hexaploid wide hybrid BAd107-4 with contrasting GPC. We have found a total of 39,795 expressed genes on chromosomes A and B, of which 24,152 were shared between D1, CN16, and BAd107-4. From 1744 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 1203 were downregulated and 541 were upregulated in the high GPC (D1+BAd107-4) compared with low GPC (CN16) groups. The majority of DEGs were associated with protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, and protein export pathways. Expression levels of nine randomly selected genes were verified by qRT-PCR, which was consistent with the transcriptome data. The present database will help us to understand the potential regulation networks underlying wheat grain protein accumulation and provide the foundation for simultaneous improvement of grain protein content and yield in wheat breeding programs.
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Zhou Z, Shi X, Zhao G, Qin M, Ibba MI, Wang Y, Li W, Yang P, Wu Z, Lei Z, Wang J. Identification of Novel Genomic Regions and Superior Alleles Associated with Zn Accumulation in Wheat Using a Genome-Wide Association Analysis Method. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061928. [PMID: 32168957 PMCID: PMC7139793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies, and especially zinc (Zn) deficiency, pose serious health problems to people who mainly depend on cereal-based diets. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to detect the genetic basis of the Zn accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains with a diversity panel of 207 bread wheat varieties. To uncover authentic quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling Zn accumulation, the varieties were planted in three locations. In total, 29 unique loci associated with Zn grain accumulation were identified. Notably, seven non-redundant loci located on chromosomes 1B, 3B, 3D, 4A, 5A, 5B, and 7A, were detected at least in two environments. Of these quantitative trait loci (QTL), six coincided with known QTL or genes, whereas the highest effect QTL on chromosome 3D identified in this study was not reported previously. Searches of public databases revealed that the seven identified QTL coincided with seven putative candidate genes linked to Zn accumulation. Among these seven genes, NAC domain-containing protein gene (TraesCS3D02G078500) linked with the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) AX-94729264 on chromosome 3D was relevant to metal accumulation in wheat grains. Results of this study provide new insights into the genetic architecture of Zn accumulation in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfu Zhou
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xia Shi
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ganqing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China;
| | - Maomao Qin
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Maria Itria Ibba
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, D.F. 06600, Mexico;
| | - Yahuan Wang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wenxu Li
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Pan Yang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhengqing Wu
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhensheng Lei
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (M.Q.); (Y.W.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.W.)
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China;
- College of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-371-6572-4084 (Z.L.); +86-158-3759-0332 (J.W.)
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-371-6572-4084 (Z.L.); +86-158-3759-0332 (J.W.)
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Lin Y, Yi X, Tang S, Chen W, Wu F, Yang X, Jiang X, Shi H, Ma J, Chen G, Chen G, Zheng Y, Wei Y, Liu Y. Dissection of Phenotypic and Genetic Variation of Drought-Related Traits in Diverse Chinese Wheat Landraces. THE PLANT GENOME 2019; 12:1-14. [PMID: 33016597 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2019.03.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Variations in 16 seedling traits under normal and drought conditions were investigated. Extremely resistant and sensitive accessions were identified for future analyses. Under normal and drought conditions, 57 and 29 QTL were identified, respectively. A total of 77 candidate genes were identified, and four were validated by qRT-PCR. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stressors affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. To improve wheat yield, a better understanding of the genetic control of traits governing drought resistance is paramount. Here, using 645 wheat landraces, we evaluated 16 seedling traits related to root and shoot growth and water content under normal and drought (induced by polyethylene glycol) conditions. Extremely resistant and sensitive accessions were identified for future drought-resistance breeding and further genetic analyses. A genome-wide association study was performed for the 16 traits using 52,118 diversity arrays technology sequencing (DArT-seq) markers. A total of 57 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for seven traits under normal conditions, whereas 29 QTL were detected for eight traits under drought conditions. On the basis of these markers, we identified 56 candidate genes for six seedling traits under normal conditions, and 21 candidate genes for seven seedling traits under drought conditions. Four candidate genes were validated under normal and drought conditions using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data. The co-localization of the flowering date and drought-related traits indicates that the regulatory networks of flowering may also respond to drought stress or are associated with the correlated responses of these traits. The phenotypic and genetic elucidation of drought-related traits will assist future gene discovery efforts and provide a basis for breeding drought-resistant wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xin Yi
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Si Tang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fangkun Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xilan Yang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaojun Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangdeng Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- College of resources, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Xiang L, Huang L, Gong F, Liu J, Wang Y, Jin Y, He Y, He J, Jiang Q, Zheng Y, Liu D, Wu B. Enriching LMW-GS alleles and strengthening gluten properties of common wheat through wide hybridization with wild emmer. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:355. [PMID: 31501756 PMCID: PMC6728113 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Two advanced lines (BAd7-209 and BAd7-213) with identical high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition were obtained via wide hybridization between low-gluten cultivar chuannong16 (CN16) and wild emmer D97 (D97). BAd7-209 was better than BAd7-213, and both of them were much better than CN16 in a dough quality test. We found that BAd7-209 had more abundant and higher expression levels of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) proteins than those of BAd7-213. Twenty-nine novel LMW-GS genes at Glu-A3 locus were isolated from BAd7-209, BAd7-213 and their parents. We found that all 29 LMW-GS genes possessed the same primary structure shared by other known LMW-GSs. Twenty-seven genes encode LMW-m-type subunits, and two encode LMW-i-type subunits. BAd7-209 had a higher number of LMW-GS genes than BAd7-213, CN16, and D97. Two wild emmer genes MG574329 and MG574330 were present in the two advanced lines. Most of the LMW-m-type genes showed minor nucleotide variations between wide hybrids and their parents that could be induced through the wide hybridization process. Our results demonstrated that the wild emmer LMW-GS alleles could be feasibly transferred and integrated into common wheat background via wide hybridization and the potential value of the wild emmer LMW-GS alleles in breeding programs designed to improve wheat flour quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Fangyi Gong
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yarong Jin
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yu He
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Jingshu He
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Bihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
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