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Ida M, Kawakami H, Fukuhara K, Mizuno K. Gene isolation and enzymatic characterization of UDP-glycosyltransferases of terpene glucoside biosynthesis involved in linalyl-glycoside accumulation in Coffea arabica. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150694. [PMID: 39293330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Terpenes, one of the secondary metabolites produced by plants, have diverse physiological functions. They are volatile compounds with physiological bioactivities (e.g., insect repellent, attracting enemies, and interacting with other plants). Terpenoids are also essential for flavor and aroma in plant-derived foods. In coffee, its aroma decides the value of coffee beans. Linalool, one of the volatile terpene compounds, is dominant in the coffee aroma. Coffee, with its good flavor and aroma, has high demand worldwide. Because terpenoids generally accumulate as glycosides in plant cells, glycosylation is catalyzed by UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Two linalyl-diglycosides have been identified: terpenoids reflected as necessary for coffee flavor. However, these UGTs and their action mechanisms are unknown in the Coffea genus. To obtain knowledge of terpene UGTs and elucidate the mechanism of terpene glycosylation in coffee, this study isolated terpene UGT genes and analyzed their functions. In silico screening based on the sequence of UGT85K11, which catalyzes terpene glycosylation from Camellia sinensis, was performed to obtain sequence information on five candidate UGT genes (CaUGT4, CaUGT5, CaUGT10, CaUGT15, and CaUGT20). These genes were isolated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the recombinant enzymes were produced with the Escherichia coli expression system. In functional analysis using radioisotopes, CaUGT4 showed critical activity against linalool, which had a higher affinity for its substrate than that of UGT85A84 from Osmanthus fragrans. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry also revealed that CaUGT4 mainly produces linalyl glucoside. In this study, the first linalyl UGT was isolated from coffee. These findings can be used to elucidate the fundamental mechanism of the chemical defense in plants and apply aroma precursors for the plant-derived food industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ida
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita City, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Kawakami
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita City, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fukuhara
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita City, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Kouichi Mizuno
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita City, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
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Chen B, Wang X, Yu H, Dong N, Li J, Chang X, Wang J, Jiang C, Liu J, Chi X, Zha L, Gui S. Genome-wide analysis of UDP-glycosyltransferases family and identification of UGT genes involved in drought stress of Platycodon grandiflorus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1363251. [PMID: 38742211 PMCID: PMC11089202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1363251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase (UGT) family is the largest glycosyltransferase family, which is involved in the biosynthesis of natural plant products and response to abiotic stress. UGT has been studied in many medicinal plants, but there are few reports on Platycodon grandiflorus. This study is devoted to genome-wide analysis of UGT family and identification of UGT genes involved in drought stress of Platycodon grandiflorus (PgUGTs). Methods The genome data of Platycodon grandiflorus was used for genome-wide identification of PgUGTs, online website and bioinformatics analysis software was used to conduct bioinformatics analysis of PgUGT genes and the genes highly responsive to drought stress were screened out by qRT-PCR, these genes were cloned and conducted bioinformatics analysis. Results A total of 75 PgUGT genes were identified in P.grandiflorus genome and clustered into 14 subgroups. The PgUGTs were distributed on nine chromosomes, containing multiple cis-acting elements and 22 pairs of duplicate genes were identified. Protein-protein interaction analysis was performed to predict the interaction between PgUGT proteins. Additionally, six genes were upregulated after 3d under drought stress and three genes (PGrchr09G0563, PGrchr06G0523, PGrchr06G1266) responded significantly to drought stress, as confirmed by qRT-PCR. This was especially true for PGrchr06G1266, the expression of which increased 16.21-fold after 3d of treatment. We cloned and conducted bioinformatics analysis of three candidate genes, both of which contained conserved motifs and several cis-acting elements related to stress response, PGrchr06G1266 contained the most elements. Discussion PgGT1 was confirmed to catalyze the C-3 position of platycodin D and only eight amino acids showed differences between gene PGr008G1527 and PgGT1, which means PGr008G1527 may be able to catalyze the C-3 position of platycodin D in the same manner as PgGT1. Seven genes were highly expressed in the roots, stems, and leaves, these genes may play important roles in the development of the roots, stems, and leaves of P. grandiflorus. Three genes were highly responsive to drought stress, among which the expression of PGrchr06G1266 was increased 16.21-fold after 3d of drought stress treatment, indicating that PGrchr06G1266 plays an important role in drought stress tolerance. To summarize, this study laied the foundation to better understand the molecular bases of responses to drought stress and the biosynthesis of platycodin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hanwen Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Nan Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangwei Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jutao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU057), National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU057), National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulian Chi
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Liangping Zha
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
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Yuan X, Li R, He W, Xu W, Xu W, Yan G, Xu S, Chen L, Feng Y, Li H. Progress in Identification of UDP-Glycosyltransferases for Ginsenoside Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1246-1267. [PMID: 38449105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Ginsenosides, the primary pharmacologically active constituents of the Panax genus, have demonstrated a variety of medicinal properties, including anticardiovascular disease, cytotoxic, antiaging, and antidiabetes effects. However, the low concentration of ginsenosides in plants and the challenges associated with their extraction impede the advancement and application of ginsenosides. Heterologous biosynthesis represents a promising strategy for the targeted production of these natural active compounds. As representative triterpenoids, the biosynthetic pathway of the aglycone skeletons of ginsenosides has been successfully decoded. While the sugar moiety is vital for the structural diversity and pharmacological activity of ginsenosides, the mining of uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis has attracted a lot of attention and made great progress in recent years. In this paper, we summarize the identification and functional study of UGTs responsible for ginsenoside synthesis in both plants, such as Panax ginseng and Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and microorganisms including Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The UGT-related microbial cell factories for large-scale ginsenoside production are also mentioned. Additionally, we delve into strategies for UGT mining, particularly potential rapid screening or identification methods, providing insights and prospects. This review provides insights into the study of other unknown glycosyltransferases as candidate genetic elements for the heterologous biosynthesis of rare ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Yuan
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ruiqiong Li
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Weishen He
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Guohong Yan
- Pharmacy Department, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yaqian Feng
- Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
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Wang YC, Wei Y, Li XY, Zhang HM, Meng X, Duan CQ, Pan QH. Ethylene-responsive VviERF003 modulates glycosylated monoterpenoid synthesis by upregulating VviGT14 in grapes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae065. [PMID: 38689696 PMCID: PMC11059816 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoids are important contributors to the aroma of grapes and wines. Grapes contain terpenoids in both volatile free form and non-volatile glycosidic form, with the latter being more abundant. Glycosylated terpenoids are deemed as latent aromatic potentials for their essential role in adding to the flowery and fruity bouquet of wines. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying glycosylated terpenoid biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Our prior study identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor, VviERF003, through DNA pull-down screening using the promoter of terpenoid glycosyltransferase VviGT14 gene. This study demonstrated that both genes were co-expressed and synchronized with the accumulation of glycosylated monoterpenoids during grape maturation. VviERF003 can bind to the VviGT14 promoter and promote its activity according to yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays. VviERF003 upregulated VviGT14 expression in vivo, leading to increased production of glycosylated monoterpenoids based on the evidence from overexpression or RNA interference in leaves, berry skins, and calli of grapes, as well as tomato fruits. Additionally, VviERF003 and VviGT14 expressions and glycosylated monoterpenoid levels were induced by ethylene in grapes. The findings suggest that VviERF003 is ethylene-responsive and stimulates glycosylated monoterpenoid biosynthesis through upregulating VviGT14 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chen Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Pan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
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Lan Y, Xiong R, Zhang K, Wang L, Wu M, Yan H, Xiang Y. Geranyl diphosphate synthase large subunits OfLSU1/2 interact with small subunit OfSSUII and are involved in aromatic monoterpenes production in Osmanthus fragrans. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128328. [PMID: 38000574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans is a famous ornamental tree species for its pleasing floral fragrance. Monoterpenoids are the core floral volatiles of O. fragrans flowers, which have tremendous commercial value. Geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of GPP, the precursor of monoterpenoids. However, there are no reports of GPPSs in O. fragrans. Here, we performed RNA sequencing on the O. fragrans flowers and identified three GPPSs. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that OfLSU1/2 belonged to the GPPS.LSU branch, while the OfSSUII belonged to the GPPS.SSU branch. OfLSU1, OfLSU2 and OfSSUII were all localized in chloroplasts. Y2H and pull-down assays showed that OfLSU1 or OfLSU2 interacted with OfSSUII to form heteromeric GPPSs. Site mutation experiments revealed that the conserved CXXXC motifs of OfLSU1/2 and OfSSUII were essential for the interaction between OfLSU1/2 and OfSSUII. Transient expression experiments showed that OfLSU1, OfLSU2 and OfSSUII co-expressed with monoterpene synthase genes OfTPS1 or OfTPS2 improved the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids (E)-β-ocimene and linalool. The heteromeric GPPSs formed by OfLSU1/2 interacting with OfSSUII further improves the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids. Overall, these preliminary results suggested that the GPPSs play a key role in regulating the production of aromatic monoterpenes in O. fragrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangang Lan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kaimei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Linna Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Min Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hanwei Yan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Wang M, Ji Q, Lai B, Liu Y, Mei K. Structure-function and engineering of plant UDP-glycosyltransferase. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5358-5371. [PMID: 37965058 PMCID: PMC10641439 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products synthesized by plants have substantial industrial and medicinal values and are therefore attracting increasing interest in various related industries. Among the key enzyme families involved in the biosynthesis of natural products, uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play a crucial role in plants. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to elucidate the catalytic mechanisms and substrate recognition of plant UGTs and to improve them for desired functions. In this review, we presented a comprehensive overview of all currently published structures of plant UGTs, along with in-depth analyses of the corresponding catalytic and substrate recognition mechanisms. In addition, we summarized and evaluated the protein engineering strategies applied to improve the catalytic activities of plant UGTs, with a particular focus on high-throughput screening methods. The primary objective of this review is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of plant UGTs and to serve as a valuable reference for the latest techniques used to improve their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiushuang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Lai
- BMBF junior research group Biophotovoltaics, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Yirong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kunrong Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Yang J, Gu T, Lu Y, Xu Y, Gan RY, Ng SB, Sun Q, Peng Y. Edible Osmanthus fragrans flowers: aroma and functional components, beneficial functions, and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:10055-10068. [PMID: 37287270 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2220130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans (O. fragrans) has been cultivated in China for over 2,500 years as a traditional fragrant plant. Recently, O. fragrans has drawn increasing attention due to its unique aroma and potential health benefits. In this review, the aroma and functional components of O. fragrans are summarized, and their biosynthetic mechanism is discussed. The beneficial functions and related molecular mechanism of O. fragrans extract are then highlighted. Finally, potential applications of O. fragrans are summarized, and future perspectives are proposed and discussed. According to the current research, O. fragrans extracts and components have great potential to be developed into value-added functional ingredients with preventive effects on certain chronic diseases. However, it is crucial to develop efficient, large-scale, and commercially viable extraction methods to obtain the bioactive components from O. fragrans. Furthermore, more clinical studies are highly needed to explore the beneficial functions of O. fragrans and guide its development into functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ting Gu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongtong Lu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | | | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
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Singh G, Sharma S, Rawat S, Sharma RK. Plant Specialised Glycosides (PSGs): their biosynthetic enzymatic machinery, physiological functions and commercial potential. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:1009-1028. [PMID: 36038144 DOI: 10.1071/fp21294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants, the primary producers of our planet, have evolved from simple aquatic life to very complex terrestrial habitat. This habitat transition coincides with evolution of enormous chemical diversity, collectively termed as 'Plant Specialised Metabolisms (PSMs)', to cope the environmental challenges. Plant glycosylation is an important process of metabolic diversification of PSMs to govern their in planta stability, solubility and inter/intra-cellular transport. Although, individual category of PSMs (terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, phytohormones, glucosinolates and cyanogenic glycosides) have been well studied; nevertheless, deeper insights of physiological functioning and genomic aspects of plant glycosylation/deglycosylation processes including enzymatic machinery (CYPs, GTs, and GHs) and regulatory elements are still elusive. Therefore, this review discussed the paradigm shift on genomic background of enzymatic machinery, transporters and regulatory mechanism of 'Plant Specialised Glycosides (PSGs)'. Current efforts also update the fundamental understanding about physiological, evolutionary and adaptive role of glycosylation/deglycosylation processes during the metabolic diversification of PSGs. Additionally, futuristic considerations and recommendations for employing integrated next-generation multi-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics), including gene/genome editing (CRISPR-Cas) approaches are also proposed to explore commercial potential of PSGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; and Present address: Department of Plant Functional Metabolomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; and Present address: G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India
| | - Ram Kumar Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Karlova R, Busscher J, Schempp FM, Buchhaupt M, van Dijk ADJ, Beekwilder J. Detoxification of monoterpenes by a family of plant glycosyltransferases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113371. [PMID: 36037906 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant monoterpenes are challenging compounds, since they often act as solvents, and thus have both phytotoxic and antimicrobial properties. In this study an approach is developed to identify and characterize enzymes that can detoxify monoterpenoids, and thus would protect both plants and microbial production systems from these compounds. Plants respond to the presence of monoterpenes by expressing glycosyltransferases (UGTs), which conjugate the monoterpenoids into glycosides. By identifying these enzymes in a transcriptomics approach using Mentha × piperita, a family of UGTs was identified which is active on cyclic monoterpenoids such as menthol, and on acyclic monoterpenoids such as geranic acid. Other members of this family, from tomato, were also shown to be active on these monoterpenoids. In vitro and in vivo activity of different UGTs were tested with different substrates. We found that some glycosyltransferases significantly affect the toxicity of selected monoterpenoids in Escherichia coli, suggesting that glycosyltransferases can protect cells from monoterpenoid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumyana Karlova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Busscher
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Florence M Schempp
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Microbial Biotechnology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Buchhaupt
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Microbial Biotechnology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aalt D J van Dijk
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jules Beekwilder
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen University, the Netherlands; Wageningen Plant Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Han Y, Lu M, Yue S, Li K, Dong M, Liu L, Wang H, Shang F. Comparative methylomics and chromatin accessibility analysis in Osmanthus fragrans uncovers regulation of genic transcription and mechanisms of key floral scent production. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac096. [PMID: 35795393 PMCID: PMC9250655 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Linalool and ionone are two important aromatic components in sweet osmanthus petals, and the regulatory mechanisms that produce these two components remain unclear. In this study, we employed whole-genome methylation sequencing and ATAC-seq technology to analyze the genomic DNA methylation status and chromatin accessibility of the sweet osmanthus cultivars 'Zaohuang' and 'Chenghong Dangui'. Results showed that the promoter region of TPS2, a key gene in the linalool synthesis pathway, was less methylated in 'Chenghong Dangui' than in 'Zaohuang'. The chromatin was more accessible in 'Chenghong Dangui' than in 'Zaohuang', which resulted in a much stronger expression of this gene in 'Chenghong Dangui' than in 'Zaohuang'. This eventually led to a high quantity of linalool and its oxides in the petals of 'Chenghong Dangui', but there were lower levels present in the petals of 'Zaohuang'. These results suggest that DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility play major roles in linalool synthesis in sweet osmanthus. The methylation level of the promoter region of CCD4, a key gene for ionone synthesis, was higher in 'Zaohuang' than in 'Chenghong Dangui'. The chromatin accessibility was lower in 'Zaohuang' than in 'Chenghong Dangui', although the expression of this gene was significantly higher in 'Zaohuang' than in 'Chenghong Dangui'. ChIP-seq analysis and a series of experiments showed that the differential expression of CCD4 and CCD1 in the two cultivars may predominantly be the result of regulation by ERF2 and other transcription factors. However, a 183-bp deletion involving the CCD4 promoter region in 'Chenghong Dangui' may be the main reason for the low expression of this gene in its petals. This study provides an important theoretical basis for improving selective breeding of key floral fragrance components in sweet osmanthus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miaomiao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Shumin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Meifang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Luxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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Kurze E, Wüst M, Liao J, McGraphery K, Hoffmann T, Song C, Schwab W. Structure-function relationship of terpenoid glycosyltransferases from plants. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:389-409. [PMID: 34486004 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2021Terpenoids are physiologically active substances that are of great importance to humans. Their physicochemical properties are modified by glycosylation, in terms of polarity, volatility, solubility and reactivity, and their bioactivities are altered accordingly. Significant scientific progress has been made in the functional study of glycosylated terpenes and numerous plant enzymes involved in regio- and enantioselective glycosylation have been characterized, a reaction that remains chemically challenging. Crucial clues to the mechanism of terpenoid glycosylation were recently provided by the first crystal structures of a diterpene glycosyltransferase UGT76G1. Here, we review biochemically characterized terpenoid glycosyltransferases, compare their functions and primary structures, discuss their acceptor and donor substrate tolerance and product specificity, and elaborate features of the 3D structures of the first terpenoid glycosyltransferases from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kurze
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Matthias Wüst
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19C, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jieren Liao
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Kate McGraphery
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany. .,State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China.
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Sheng X, Lin Y, Cao J, Ning Y, Pang X, Wu J, Kong F. Comparative Evaluation of Key Aroma-Active Compounds in Sweet Osmanthus ( Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) with Different Enzymatic Treatments. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:332-344. [PMID: 33370113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) (OF) is one of the ten most famous flowers in China for its unique and delicate fragrance. A combined solid-phase microextraction and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation method was used to accurately capture the overall aromatic profile and characterize the predominant odorants of fresh osmanthus with the help of gas chromatography (GC)-olfactometry and comprehensive two-dimensional GC-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-QTOF-MS). Twenty-six volatiles were identified for the first time in OF. A total of 23 potent odorants, dominated by monoterpene oxides and C6 aliphatic aldehydes, were identified. The efficacy of pectinase, β-glucosidase, and their combination on the aroma enhancement of OF was evaluated by quantitation of the target aroma components using GC-triple quadrupole-MS. The total concentration of key aroma components increased in all three enzyme treatment groups, and the increase was more significant in two β-glucosidase-treated groups. Changes in odor activity values and odor spectrum values of key odorants indicated that the pectinase-treated sample had more prominent floral, green, and potato-like scents. In contrast, the β-glucosidase-treated sample had more dominant floral, woody, almond-like, and fruity notes but less green odor, which was confirmed by sensory evaluation. β-Glucosidase and pectinase complement one another very well, and together, promote a remarkable aroma enhancement in OF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Sheng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yingnan Lin
- Tobacco Research Institute, Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jianmin Cao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yang Ning
- Tobacco Research Institute, Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xueli Pang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fanyu Kong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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Koeduka T, Ueyama Y, Kitajima S, Ohnishi T, Matsui K. Molecular cloning and characterization of UDP-glucose: Volatile benzenoid/phenylpropanoid glucosyltransferase in petunia flowers. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 252:153245. [PMID: 32750644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile benzenoids/phenylpropanoids are characteristic scent compounds in petunia flowers and are reported to be stored as glycosides in the vacuoles of petal cells. Here, we used transcriptomics and co-expression approaches with volatile benzenoid/phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes to identify three petunia genes (UGT85A96, UGT85A97, and UGT85A98) encoding UDP-glycosyltransferase. The analyses of spatiotemporal gene expression revealed that all UGT85 genes were highly expressed in floral tissues such as petals and pistils. Functional characterization of recombinant UGT85A96 and UGT85A98 proteins expressed in Escherichia coli showed that UGT85A98 could transfer a glucosyl moiety from UDP-glucose to the hydroxyl group of various substrates including volatile benzenoids/phenylpropanoids, terpene alcohol, flavonoids, and C6 alcohol, whereas UGT85A96 specifically catalyzes the glucosylation of 2-phenylethanol and benzyl alcohol. This report describes the first experimental evidence to identify UGT enzymes that catalyze the glycosylation of volatile benzenoids/phenylpropanoids in petunia flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Koeduka
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation (Agriculture), Department of Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Ueyama
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation (Agriculture), Department of Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation (Agriculture), Department of Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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