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Tanigawa K, Yuchen Q, Katsuhama N, Sakoda K, Wakabayashi Y, Tanaka Y, Sage R, Lawson T, Yamori W. C 4 monocots and C 4 dicots exhibit rapid photosynthetic induction response in contrast to C 3 plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14431. [PMID: 39041649 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Considering the prevalence of ever-changing conditions in the natural world, investigation of photosynthetic responses in C4 plants under fluctuating light is needed. Here, we studied the effect of dynamic illumination on photosynthesis in totally 10 C3, C3-C4 intermediate, C4-like and C4 dicots and monocots at CO2 concentrations of 400 and 800 μmol mol-1. C4 and C4-like plants had faster photosynthetic induction and light-induced stomatal dynamics than C3 plants at 400 μmol mol-1, but not at 800 μmol mol-1 CO2, at which the CO2 supply rarely limits photosynthesis. C4 and C4-like plants had a higher water use efficiency than C3 plants at both CO2 concentrations. There were positive correlations between photosynthetic induction and light-induced stomatal response, together with CO2 compensation point, which was a parameter of the CO2-concentrating mechanism of C4 photosynthesis. These results clearly show that C4 photosynthesis in both monocots and dicots adapts to fluctuating light conditions more efficiently than C3 photosynthesis. The rapid photosynthetic induction response in C4 plants can be attributed to the rapid stomatal dynamics, the CO2-concentrating mechanism or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Tanigawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qu Yuchen
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Katsuhama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Space Environment and Energy Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rowan Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Xiong Z, Xiao J, Zhao J, Liu S, Yang D, Xiong D, Cui K, Peng S, Huang J. Estimation of Photosynthetic Induction Is Significantly Affected by Light Environments of Local Leaves and Whole Plants in Oryza Genus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1646. [PMID: 38931077 PMCID: PMC11207834 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthetic induction and stomatal kinetics are acknowledged as pivotal factors in regulating both plant growth and water use efficiency under fluctuating light conditions. However, the considerable variability in methodologies and light regimes used to assess the dynamics of photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) during light induction across studies poses challenges for comparison across species. Moreover, the influence of stomatal morphology on both steady-state and non-steady-state gs remains poorly understood. In this study, we show the strong impact of IRGA Chamber Illumination and Whole Plant Illumination on the photosynthetic induction of two rice species. Our findings reveal that these illuminations significantly enhance photosynthetic induction by modulating both stomatal and biochemical processes. Moreover, we observed that a higher density of smaller stomata plays a critical role in enhancing the stomatal opening and photosynthetic induction to fluctuating light conditions, although it exerts minimal influence on steady-state gs and A under constant light conditions. Therefore, future studies aiming to estimate photosynthetic induction and stomatal kinetics should consider the light environments at both the leaf and whole plant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.X.); (S.L.); (D.X.); (K.C.); (S.P.)
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3
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Yoshiyama Y, Wakabayashi Y, Mercer KL, Kawabata S, Kobayashi T, Tabuchi T, Yamori W. Natural genetic variation in dynamic photosynthesis is correlated with stomatal anatomical traits in diverse tomato species across geographical habitats. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024:erae082. [PMID: 38606772 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Plants grown under field conditions experience fluctuating light. Understanding the natural genetic variations for a similarly dynamic photosynthetic response among untapped germplasm resources, as well as the underlying mechanisms, may offer breeding strategies to improve production using molecular approaches. Here, we measured gas exchange under fluctuating light, along with stomatal density and size, in eight wild tomato species and two tomato cultivars. The photosynthetic induction response showed significant diversity, with some wild species having faster induction rates than the two cultivars. Species with faster photosynthetic induction rates had higher daily integrated photosynthesis, but lower average water use efficiency because of high stomatal conductance under natural fluctuating light. The variation in photosynthetic induction was closely associated with the speed of stomatal responses, highlighting its critical role in maximizing photosynthesis under fluctuating light conditions. Moreover, stomatal size was negatively correlated with stomatal density within a species, and plants with smaller stomata at a higher density had a quicker photosynthetic response than those with larger stomata at lower density. Our findings show that the response of stomatal conductance plays a pivotal role in photosynthetic induction, with smaller stomata at higher density proving advantageous for photosynthesis under fluctuating light in tomato species. The interspecific variation in the rate of stomatal responses could offer an untapped resource for optimizing dynamic photosynthetic responses under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Yoshiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kristin L Mercer
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Ohio State University, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Advanced Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihito Tabuchi
- Department of Advanced Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Devi R, Goyal P, Verma B, Hussain S, Chowdhary F, Arora P, Gupta S. A transcriptome-wide identification of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters revealed participation of ABCB subfamily in abiotic stress management of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:315. [PMID: 38532362 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome-wide survey divulged a total of 181 ABC transporters in G. glabra which were phylogenetically classified into six subfamilies. Protein-Protein interactions revealed nine putative GgABCBs (-B6, -B14, -B15, -B25, -B26, -B31, -B40, -B42 &-B44) corresponding to five AtABCs orthologs (-B1, -B4, -B11, -B19, &-B21). Significant transcript accumulation of ABCB6 (31.8 folds), -B14 (147.5 folds), -B15 (17 folds), -B25 (19.7 folds), -B26 (18.31 folds), -B31 (61.89 folds), -B40 (1273 folds) and -B42 (51 folds) was observed under the influence of auxin. Auxin transport-specific inhibitor, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, showed its effectiveness only at higher (10 µM) concentration where it down regulated the expression of ABCBs, PINs (PIN FORMED) and TWD1 (TWISTED DWARF 1) genes in shoot tissues, while their expression was seen to enhance in the root tissues. Further, qRT-PCR analysis under various growth conditions (in-vitro, field and growth chamber), and subjected to abiotic stresses revealed differential expression implicating role of ABCBs in stress management. Seven of the nine genes were shown to be involved in the stress physiology of the plant. GgABCB6, 15, 25 and ABCB31 were induced in multiple stresses, while GgABCB26, 40 & 42 were exclusively triggered under drought stress. No study pertaining to the ABC transporters from G. glabra is available till date. The present investigation will give an insight to auxin transportation which has been found to be associated with plant growth architecture; the knowledge will help to understand the association between auxin transportation and plant responses under the influence of various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Devi
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Jammu, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pooja Goyal
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Jammu, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Registered from Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Bhawna Verma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Jammu, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shahnawaz Hussain
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Jammu, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Fariha Chowdhary
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Jammu, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Palak Arora
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Jammu, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Suphla Gupta
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Jammu, India.
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Ying W, Liao L, Wei H, Gao Y, Liu X, Sun L. Structural basis for abscisic acid efflux mediated by ABCG25 in Arabidopsis thaliana. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1697-1708. [PMID: 37666962 PMCID: PMC10581904 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone essential to the regulation of numerous aspects of plant growth and development. The cellular level of ABA is critical to its signalling and is determined by its rate of biosynthesis, catabolism and the rates of ABA transport. ABCG25 in Arabidopsis thaliana has been identified to be an ABA exporter and play roles in regulating stomatal closure and seed germination. However, its ABA transport mechanism remains unknown. Here we report the structures of ABCG25 under different states using cryo-electron microscopy single particle analysis: the apo state and ABA-bound state of the wild-type ABCG25 and the ATP-bound state of the ATPase catalytic mutant. ABCG25 forms a homodimer. ABA binds to a cone-shaped, cytosolic-facing cavity formed in the middle of the transmembrane domains. Key residues in ABA binding are identified and verified by a cell-based ABA transport assay. ATP binding leads to closing of the nucleotide-binding domains of opposing monomers and conformational transitions of the transmembrane domains. Together, these results provide insights into the substrate recognition and transport mechanisms of ABCG25 in Arabidopsis, and facilitate our understanding of the ABA transport and signalling pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ying
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lianghuan Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Linfeng Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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6
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Sun N, Li C, Jiang X, Gai Y. Transcriptomic Insights into Functions of LkABCG36 and LkABCG40 in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:227. [PMID: 36678941 PMCID: PMC9860546 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) play crucial physiological roles in plants, such as being involved in the growth and development of organs, nutrient acquisition, response to biotic and abiotic stress, disease resistance, and the interaction of the plant with its environment. The ABCG subfamily of proteins are involved in the process of plant vegetative organ development. In contrast, the functions of the ABCG36 and ABCG40 transporters have received considerably less attention. Here, we investigated changes in the transcriptomic data of the stem tissue of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) with LkABCG36 and LkABCG40 (Larix kaempferi) overexpression, and compared them with those of the wild type (WT). Compared with the WT, we identified 1120 and 318 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LkABCG36 and LkABCG40 groups, respectively. We then annotated the function of the DEGs against the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The results showed enrichment in cell wall biogenesis and hormone signal transduction functional classes in transgenic LkABCG36 tobacco. In transgenic LkABCG40 tobacco, the enrichment was involved in metabolic and biosynthetic processes, mainly those related to environmental adaptation. In addition, among these DEGs, many auxin-related genes were significantly upregulated in the LkABCG36 group, and we found key genes involved in environmental adaptation in the LkABCG40 group, including an encoding resistance protein and a WRKY transcription factor. These results suggest that LkABCG36 and LkABCG40 play important roles in plant development and environmental adaptation. LkABCG36 may promote plant organ growth and development by increasing auxin transport, whereas LkABCG40 may inhibit the expression of WRKY to improve the resistance of transgenic tobacco. Our results are beneficial to researchers pursuing further study of the functions of ABCG36 and ABCG40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Can Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of Chinese Forestry Administration, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Gai
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of Chinese Forestry Administration, Beijing 100083, China
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ATP-Binding Cassette G Transporters and Their Multiple Roles Especially for Male Fertility in Arabidopsis, Rice and Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169304. [PMID: 36012571 PMCID: PMC9409143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily G (ABCG) transporters are extensive in plants and play essential roles in various processes influencing plant fitness, but the research progress varies greatly among Arabidopsis, rice and maize. In this review, we present a consolidated nomenclature and characterization of the whole 51 ABCG transporters in maize, perform a phylogenetic analysis and classification of the ABCG subfamily members in maize, and summarize the latest research advances in ABCG transporters for these three plant species. ABCG transporters are involved in diverse processes in Arabidopsis and rice, such as anther and pollen development, vegetative and female organ development, abiotic and biotic stress response, and phytohormone transport, which provide useful clues for the functional investigation of ABCG transporters in maize. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives for the identification and mechanism analysis of substrates for plant ABCG transporters. This review provides a basic framework for functional research and the potential application of ABCG transporters in multiple plants, including maize.
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Sakoda K, Adachi S, Yamori W, Tanaka Y. Towards improved dynamic photosynthesis in C3 crops by utilizing natural genetic variation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3109-3121. [PMID: 35298629 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Under field environments, fluctuating light conditions induce dynamic photosynthesis, which affects carbon gain by crop plants. Elucidating the natural genetic variations among untapped germplasm resources and their underlying mechanisms can provide an effective strategy to improve dynamic photosynthesis and, ultimately, improve crop yields through molecular breeding approaches. In this review, we first overview two processes affecting dynamic photosynthesis, namely (i) biochemical processes associated with CO2 fixation and photoprotection and (ii) gas diffusion processes from the atmosphere to the chloroplast stroma. Next, we review the intra- and interspecific variations in dynamic photosynthesis in relation to each of these two processes. It is suggested that plant adaptations to different hydrological environments underlie natural genetic variation explained by gas diffusion through stomata. This emphasizes the importance of the coordination of photosynthetic and stomatal dynamics to optimize the balance between carbon gain and water use efficiency under field environments. Finally, we discuss future challenges in improving dynamic photosynthesis by utilizing natural genetic variation. The forward genetic approach supported by high-throughput phenotyping should be introduced to evaluate the effects of genetic and environmental factors and their interactions on the natural variation in dynamic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sakoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Zhang N, Berman SR, Joubert D, Vialet-Chabrand S, Marcelis LFM, Kaiser E. Variation of Photosynthetic Induction in Major Horticultural Crops Is Mostly Driven by Differences in Stomatal Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:860229. [PMID: 35574072 PMCID: PMC9094112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.860229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Under natural conditions, irradiance frequently fluctuates, causing net photosynthesis rate (A) to respond slowly and reducing the yields. We quantified the genotypic variation of photosynthetic induction in 19 genotypes among the following six horticultural crops: basil, chrysanthemum, cucumber, lettuce, tomato, and rose. Kinetics of photosynthetic induction and the stomatal opening were measured by exposing shade-adapted leaves (50 μmol m-2 s-1) to a high irradiance (1000 μmol m-2 s-1) until A reached a steady state. Rubisco activation rate was estimated by the kinetics of carboxylation capacity, which was quantified using dynamic A vs. [CO2] curves. Generally, variations in photosynthetic induction kinetics were larger between crops and smaller between cultivars of the same crop. Time until reaching 20-90% of full A induction varied by 40-60% across genotypes, and this was driven by a variation in the stomatal opening rather than Rubisco activation kinetics. Stomatal conductance kinetics were partly determined by differences in the stomatal size and density; species with densely packed, smaller stomata (e.g., cucumber) tended to open their stomata faster, adapting stomatal conductance more rapidly and efficiently than species with larger but fewer stomata (e.g., chrysanthemum). We conclude that manipulating stomatal traits may speed up photosynthetic induction and growth of horticultural crops under natural irradiance fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyi Zhang
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sarah R. Berman
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dominique Joubert
- Biometris, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Silvere Vialet-Chabrand
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Elias Kaiser
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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10
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Okamoto A, Koyama K, Bhusal N. Diurnal Change of the Photosynthetic Light-Response Curve of Buckbean ( Menyanthes trifoliata), an Emergent Aquatic Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:174. [PMID: 35050061 PMCID: PMC8779618 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Understanding plant physiological responses to high temperature is an important concern pertaining to climate change. However, compared with terrestrial plants, information about aquatic plants remains limited. Since the degree of midday depression of photosynthesis under high temperature depends on soil water conditions, it is expected that emergent aquatic plants, for which soil water conditions are always saturated, will show different patterns compared with terrestrial plants. We investigated the diurnal course of the photosynthetic light-response curve and incident light intensity for a freshwater emergent plant, buckbean (Menyanthes trifoliata L.; Menyanthaceae) in a cool temperate region. The effect of midday depression was observed only on a very hot day, but not on a moderately hot day, in summer. The diurnal course of photosynthetic light-response curves on this hot day showed that latent morning reduction of photosynthetic capacity started at dawn, preceding the apparent depression around the midday, in agreement with results reported in terrestrial plants. We concluded that (1) midday depression of emergent plants occurs when the stress intensity exceeds the species' tolerance, and (2) measurements of not only photosynthetic rate under field conditions but also diurnal course of photosynthetic light-response curve are necessary to quantify the effect of midday depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azumi Okamoto
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inadacho, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Koyama
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inadacho, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Narayan Bhusal
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
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11
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Sakoda K, Yamori W, Groszmann M, Evans JR. Stomatal, mesophyll conductance, and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis during induction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:146-160. [PMID: 33631811 PMCID: PMC8133641 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of leaf photosynthesis in fluctuating light affects carbon gain by plants. Mesophyll conductance (gm) limits CO2 assimilation rate (A) under the steady state, but the extent of this limitation under non-steady-state conditions is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the dynamics of gm and the limitations to A imposed by gas diffusional and biochemical processes under fluctuating light. The induction responses of A, stomatal conductance (gs), gm, and the maximum rate of RuBP carboxylation (Vcmax) or electron transport (J) were investigated in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). We first characterized gm induction after a change from darkness to light. Each limitation to A imposed by gm, gs and Vcmax or J was significant during induction, indicating that gas diffusional and biochemical processes limit photosynthesis. Initially, gs imposed the greatest limitation to A, showing the slowest response under high light after long and short periods of darkness, assuming RuBP-carboxylation limitation. However, if RuBP-regeneration limitation was assumed, then J imposed the greatest limitation. gm did not vary much following short interruptions to light. The limitation to A imposed by gm was the smallest of all the limitations for most of the induction phase. This suggests that altering induction kinetics of mesophyll conductance would have little impact on A following a change in light. To enhance the carbon gain by plants under naturally dynamic light environments, attention should therefore be focused on faster stomatal opening or activation of electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sakoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo 188-0002, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo 188-0002, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Groszmann
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Territory 2601, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Territory 2601, Australia
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Gräfe K, Schmitt L. The ABC transporter G subfamily in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:92-106. [PMID: 32459300 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ABC transporters are ubiquitously present in all kingdoms and mediate the transport of a large spectrum of structurally different compounds. Plants possess high numbers of ABC transporters in relation to other eukaryotes; the ABCG subfamily in particular is extensive. Earlier studies demonstrated that ABCG transporters are involved in important processes influencing plant fitness. This review summarizes the functions of ABCG transporters present in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These transporters take part in diverse processes such as pathogen response, diffusion barrier formation, or phytohormone transport. Studies involving knockout mutations reported pleiotropic phenotypes of the mutants. In some cases, different physiological roles were assigned to the same protein. The actual transported substrate(s), however, still remain to be determined for the majority of ABCG transporters. Additionally, the proposed substrate spectrum of different ABCG proteins is not always reflected by sequence identities between ABCG members. Applying only reverse genetics is thereby insufficient to clearly identify the substrate(s). We therefore stress the importance of in vitro studies in addition to in vivo studies in order to (i) clarify the substrate identity; (ii) determine the transport characteristics including directionality; and (iii) identify dimerization partners of the half-size proteins, which might in turn affect substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gräfe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Sakoda K, Yamori W, Shimada T, Sugano SS, Hara-Nishimura I, Tanaka Y. Higher Stomatal Density Improves Photosynthetic Induction and Biomass Production in Arabidopsis Under Fluctuating Light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:589603. [PMID: 33193542 PMCID: PMC7641607 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.589603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal density (SD) is closely associated with photosynthetic and growth characteristics in plants. In the field, light intensity can fluctuate drastically within a day. The objective of the present study is to examine how higher SD affects stomatal conductance (g s ) and CO2 assimilation rate (A) dynamics, biomass production and water use under fluctuating light. Here, we compared the photosynthetic and growth characteristics under constant and fluctuating light among three lines of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.): the wild type (WT), STOMAGEN/EPFL9-overexpressing line (ST-OX), and EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 1 knockout line (epf1). ST-OX and epf1 showed 268.1 and 46.5% higher SD than WT (p < 0.05). Guard cell length of ST-OX was 10.0% lower than that of WT (p < 0.01). There were no significant variations in gas exchange parameters at steady state between WT and ST-OX or epf1, although these parameters tended to be higher in ST-OX and epf1 than WT. On the other hand, ST-OX and epf1 showed faster A induction than WT after step increase in light owing to the higher g s under initial dark condition. In addition, ST-OX and epf1 showed initially faster g s induction and, at the later phase, slower g s induction. Cumulative CO2 assimilation in ST-OX and epf1 was 57.6 and 78.8% higher than WT attributable to faster A induction with reduction of water use efficiency (WUE). epf1 yielded 25.6% higher biomass than WT under fluctuating light (p < 0.01). In the present study, higher SD resulted in faster photosynthetic induction owing to the higher initial g s . epf1, with a moderate increase in SD, achieved greater biomass production than WT under fluctuating light. These results suggest that higher SD can be beneficial to improve biomass production in plants under fluctuating light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sakoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo S. Sugano
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Kyoto, Japan
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Jiang X, Xu J, Lin R, Song J, Shao S, Yu J, Zhou Y. Light-induced HY5 Functions as a Systemic Signal to Coordinate the Photoprotective Response to Light Fluctuation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:1181-1193. [PMID: 32665333 PMCID: PMC7536661 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the photoprotection of different leaves as a whole is important for plants to adapt to fluctuations in ambient light conditions. However, the molecular basis of this leaf-to-leaf communication is poorly understood. Here, we used a range of techniques, including grafting, chlorophyll fluorescence, revers transcription quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, to explore the complexities of leaf-to-leaf light signal transmission and activation of the photoprotective response to light fluctuation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We established that light perception in the top leaves attenuated the photoinhibition of both PSII and PSI by triggering photoprotection pathways in the bottom leaves. Local light promoted the accumulation and movement of LONG HYPOCOTYL5 from the sunlit local leaves to the systemic leaves, priming the photoprotective response of the latter to light fluctuation. By directly activating the transcription of PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 and VIOLAXANTHIN DE-EPOXIDASE, LONG HYPOCOTYL5 induced cyclic electron flow, the xanthophyll cycle, and energy-dependent quenching. Our findings reveal a systemic signaling pathway and provide insight into an elaborate regulatory network, demonstrating a pre-emptive advantage in terms of the activation of photoprotection and, hence, the ability to survive in a fluctuating light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Song
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Shao
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Ohkubo S, Tanaka Y, Yamori W, Adachi S. Rice Cultivar Takanari Has Higher Photosynthetic Performance Under Fluctuating Light Than Koshihikari, Especially Under Limited Nitrogen Supply and Elevated CO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1308. [PMID: 32983198 PMCID: PMC7490297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants in the field experience dynamic changes of sunlight rather than steady-state irradiation. Therefore, increasing the photosynthetic rate of an individual leaf under fluctuating light is essential for improving crop productivity. The high-yielding indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Takanari is considered a potential donor of photosynthesis genes because of its higher steady-state photosynthesis at both atmospheric and elevated CO2 concentrations than those of several Japanese commercial cultivars, including Koshihikari. Photosynthetic induction after a sudden increase in light intensity is faster in Takanari than in Koshihikari, but whether the daily carbon gain of Takanari outperforms that of Koshihikari under fluctuating light in the field is unclear. Here we report that Takanari has higher non-steady-state photosynthesis, especially under low nitrogen (N) supply, than Koshihikari. In a pot experiment, Takanari had greater leaf carbon gain during the initial 10 min after a sudden increase in irradiation and higher daily CO2 assimilation under simulated natural fluctuating light, at both atmospheric (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO2 concentrations. The electron transport rate during a day under field conditions with low N supply was also higher in Takanari than in Koshihikari. Although the advantages of Takanari were diminished under high N supply, photosynthetic N use efficiency was consistently higher in Takanari than in Koshihikari, under both low and high N supply. This study demonstrates that Takanari is a promising donor parent to use in breeding programs aimed at increasing CO2 assimilation in a wide range of environments, including future higher CO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ohkubo
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Inashiki, Japan
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Kimura H, Hashimoto-Sugimoto M, Iba K, Terashima I, Yamori W. Improved stomatal opening enhances photosynthetic rate and biomass production in fluctuating light. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2339-2350. [PMID: 32095822 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that stomatal conductance often limits the steady-state photosynthetic rate. On the other hand, the stomatal limitation of photosynthesis in fluctuating light remains largely unknown, although in nature light fluctuates due to changes in sun position, cloud cover, and the overshadowing canopy. In this study, we analysed three mutant lines of Arabidopsis with increased stomatal conductance to examine to what extent stomatal opening limits photosynthesis in fluctuating light. The slac1 (slow anion channel-associated 1) and ost1 (open stomata 1) mutants with stay-open stomata, and the PATROL1 (proton ATPase translocation control 1) overexpression line with faster stomatal opening responses exhibited higher photosynthetic rates and plant growth in fluctuating light than the wild-type, whereas these four lines showed similar photosynthetic rates and plant growth in constant light. The slac1 and ost1 mutants tended to keep their stomata open in fluctuating light, resulting in lower water-use efficiency (WUE) than the wild-type. However, the PATROL1 overexpression line closed stomata when needed and opened stomata immediately upon irradiation, resulting in similar WUE to the wild-type. The present study clearly shows that there is room to optimize stomatal responses, leading to greater photosynthesis and biomass accumulation in fluctuating light in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Kimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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