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Hojsgaard D, Nagel M, Feingold SE, Massa GA, Bradshaw JE. New Frontiers in Potato Breeding: Tinkering with Reproductive Genes and Apomixis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:614. [PMID: 38927018 PMCID: PMC11202281 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Potato is the most important non-cereal crop worldwide, and, yet, genetic gains in potato have been traditionally delayed by the crop's biology, mostly the genetic heterozygosity of autotetraploid cultivars and the intricacies of the reproductive system. Novel site-directed genetic modification techniques provide opportunities for designing climate-smart cultivars, but they also pose new possibilities (and challenges) for breeding potato. As potato species show a remarkable reproductive diversity, and their ovules have a propensity to develop apomixis-like phenotypes, tinkering with reproductive genes in potato is opening new frontiers in potato breeding. Developing diploid varieties instead of tetraploid ones has been proposed as an alternative way to fill the gap in genetic gain, that is being achieved by using gene-edited self-compatible genotypes and inbred lines to exploit hybrid seed technology. In a similar way, modulating the formation of unreduced gametes and synthesizing apomixis in diploid or tetraploid potatoes may help to reinforce the transition to a diploid hybrid crop or enhance introgression schemes and fix highly heterozygous genotypes in tetraploid varieties. In any case, the induction of apomixis-like phenotypes will shorten the time and costs of developing new varieties by allowing the multi-generational propagation through true seeds. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on potato reproductive phenotypes and underlying genes, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using potato's natural variability to modulate reproductive steps during seed formation, and consider strategies to synthesize apomixis. However, before we can fully modulate the reproductive phenotypes, we need to understand the genetic basis of such diversity. Finally, we visualize an active, central role for genebanks in this endeavor by phenotyping properly genotyped genebank accessions and new introductions to provide scientists and breeders with reliable data and resources for developing innovations to exploit market opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hojsgaard
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany;
| | - Manuela Nagel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany;
| | - Sergio E. Feingold
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, EEA Balcarce-IPADS (UEDD INTA–CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce B7620, Argentina; (S.E.F.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Gabriela A. Massa
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, EEA Balcarce-IPADS (UEDD INTA–CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce B7620, Argentina; (S.E.F.); (G.A.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce B7620, Argentina
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Astawan M, Prayudani APG, Haekal M, Wresdiyati T, Sardjono RE. Germination effects on the physicochemical properties and sensory profiles of velvet bean ( Mucuna pruriens) and soybean tempe. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1383841. [PMID: 38689933 PMCID: PMC11058789 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1383841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have shown that the velvet bean, an indigenous legume in Indonesia, possesses high protein content and bioactive compounds. However, the utilization of velvet beans in tempe production remains underexplored. Methods This study aims to address this research gap by investigating the physicochemical properties and sensory profiles of tempe made from velvet beans, both individually and in combination with soybean. The study involved the production of tempe using germinated and non-germinated velvet bean, soybean, and a soy-velvet bean combination (61:39% ratio). Physicochemical analyses, including hardness, firmness, colour, antioxidant capacity, proximate, pH, and titratable acidity, were conducted. Hedonic rating and Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) tests were also performed to assess the sensory attributes of fresh and fried tempe. Results and discussion Germination treatment of velvet bean resulted in tempe with reduced hardness, firmness, antioxidant capacity, and pH levels compared to non-germinated velvet bean tempe. However, velvet bean tempe exhibited a darker colour, higher antioxidant capacity, higher pH levels, and lower titratable acidity compared to soybean tempe and soy-velvet bean combination tempe. The protein content in velvet bean tempe was found to be below the required threshold of 15%. Hedonic rating tests revealed that fresh and fried velvet bean tempe received lower scores than other samples. CATA tests identified specific sensory attributes essential for fresh and fried tempe, including beany aroma, white colour, nutty aroma, golden brown colour, solid and crunchy texture, umami taste, and nutty aftertaste. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential applications of velvet beans in tempe production and emphasize the significance of considering germination as a factor affecting the quality and sensory attributes of tempe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Astawan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ayu Putri Gitanjali Prayudani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Haekal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Tutik Wresdiyati
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedicine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Hwarari D, Radani Y, Ke Y, Chen J, Yang L. CRISPR/Cas genome editing in plants: mechanisms, applications, and overcoming bottlenecks. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:50. [PMID: 38441816 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas systems have emerged as transformative tools for precisely manipulating plant genomes and enhancement. It has provided unparalleled applications from modifying the plant genomes to resistant enhancement. This review manuscript summarises the mechanism, application, and current challenges in the CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology. It addresses the molecular mechanisms of different Cas genes, elucidating their applications in various plants through crop improvement, disease resistance, and trait improvement. The advent of the CRISPR/Cas systems has enabled researchers to precisely modify plant genomes through gene knockouts, knock-ins, and gene expression modulation. Despite these successes, the CRISPR/Cas technology faces challenges, including off-target effects, Cas toxicity, and efficiency. In this manuscript, we also discuss these challenges and outline ongoing strategies employed to overcome these challenges, including the development of novel CRISPR/Cas variants with improved specificity and specific delivery methods for different plant species. The manuscript will conclude by addressing the future perspectives of the CRISPR/Cas technology in plants. Although this review manuscript is not conclusive, it aims to provide immense insights into the current state and future potential of CRISPR/Cas in sustainable and secure plant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delight Hwarari
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yasmina Radani
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yongchao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Liming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Yang C, Sun N, Qin X, Liu Y, Sui M, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Mao Z, Chen X, Mao Y, Shen X. Multi-omics analysis reveals the biosynthesis of flavonoids during the browning process of Malus sieversii explants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14238. [PMID: 38488414 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Malus sieversii is a precious apple germplasm resource. Browning of explants is one of the most important factors limiting the survival rate of plant tissue culture. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the browning degree of different strains of Malus sieversii, we compared the dynamic changes of Malus sieversii and Malus robusta Rehd. during the whole browning process using a multi-group method. A total of 44 048 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by transcriptome analysis on the DNBSEQ-T7 sequencing platform. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In addition, metabonomic analysis showed that (-)-epicatechin, astragalin, chrysin, irigenin, isoquercitrin, naringenin, neobavaisoflavone and prunin exhibited different degrees of free radical scavenging ability in the tissue culture browning process, and their accumulation in different varieties led to differences in the browning degree among varieties. Comprehensive transcriptome and metabonomics analysis of the data related to flavonoid biosynthesis showed that PAL, 4CL, F3H, CYP73A, CHS, CHI, ANS, DFR and PGT1 were the key genes for flavonoid accumulation during browning. In addition, WGCNA analysis revealed a strong correlation between the known flavonoid structure genes and the selected transcriptional genes. Protein interaction predictions demonstrated that 19 transcription factors (7 MYBs and 12 bHLHs) and 8 flavonoid structural genes had targeted relationships. The results show that the interspecific differential expression of flavonoid genes is the key influencing factor of the difference in browning degree between Malus sieversii and Malus robusta Rehd., providing a theoretical basis for further study on the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xin Qin
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yangbo Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Mengyi Sui
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yanli Hu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Yunfei Mao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China
| | - Xiang Shen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, China
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Mathur S, Singh D, Ranjan R. Recent advances in plant translational genomics for crop improvement. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 139:335-382. [PMID: 38448140 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The growing population, climate change, and limited agricultural resources put enormous pressure on agricultural systems. A plateau in crop yields is occurring and extreme weather events and urbanization threaten the livelihood of farmers. It is imperative that immediate attention is paid to addressing the increasing food demand, ensuring resilience against emerging threats, and meeting the demand for more nutritious, safer food. Under uncertain conditions, it is essential to expand genetic diversity and discover novel crop varieties or variations to develop higher and more stable yields. Genomics plays a significant role in developing abundant and nutrient-dense food crops. An alternative to traditional breeding approach, translational genomics is able to improve breeding programs in a more efficient and precise manner by translating genomic concepts into practical tools. Crop breeding based on genomics offers potential solutions to overcome the limitations of conventional breeding methods, including improved crop varieties that provide more nutritional value and are protected from biotic and abiotic stresses. Genetic markers, such as SNPs and ESTs, contribute to the discovery of QTLs controlling agronomic traits and stress tolerance. In order to meet the growing demand for food, there is a need to incorporate QTLs into breeding programs using marker-assisted selection/breeding and transgenic technologies. This chapter primarily focuses on the recent advances that are made in translational genomics for crop improvement and various omics techniques including transcriptomics, metagenomics, pangenomics, single cell omics etc. Numerous genome editing techniques including CRISPR Cas technology and their applications in crop improvement had been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Mathur
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India
| | - Rajiv Ranjan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India.
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Jeong YY, Noh YS, Kim SW, Seo PJ. Efficient regeneration of protoplasts from Solanum lycopersicum cultivar Micro-Tom. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpae008. [PMID: 38414647 PMCID: PMC10898868 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Protoplast regeneration has become a key platform for genetic and genome engineering. However, we lack reliable and reproducible methods for efficient protoplast regeneration for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars. Here, we optimized cell and tissue culture methods for protoplast isolation, microcallus proliferation, shoot regeneration, and plantlet establishment of the tomato cultivar Micro-Tom. A thin layer of alginate was applied to protoplasts isolated from third to fourth true leaves and cultured at an optimal density of 1 × 105 protoplasts/ml. We determined the optimal culture media for protoplast proliferation, callus formation, de novo shoot regeneration, and root regeneration. Regenerated plantlets exhibited morphologically normal growth and sexual reproduction. The entire regeneration process, from protoplasts to flowering plants, was accomplished within 5 months. The optimized protoplast regeneration platform enables biotechnological applications, such as genome engineering, as well as basic research on plant regeneration in Solanaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Yeop Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yoo-Sun Noh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Suk Weon Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Divya K, Thangaraj M, Krishna Radhika N. CRISPR/Cas9: an advanced platform for root and tuber crops improvement. Front Genome Ed 2024; 5:1242510. [PMID: 38312197 PMCID: PMC10836405 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1242510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Root and tuber crops (RTCs), which include cassava, potato, sweet potato, and yams, principally function as staple crops for a considerable fraction of the world population, in addition to their diverse applications in nutrition, industry, and bioenergy sectors. Even then, RTCs are an underutilized group considering their potential as industrial raw material. Complexities in conventional RTC improvement programs curb the extensive exploitation of the potentials of this group of crop species for food, energy production, value addition, and sustainable development. Now, with the advent of whole-genome sequencing, sufficient sequence data are available for cassava, sweet potato, and potato. These genomic resources provide enormous scope for the improvement of tuber crops, to make them better suited for agronomic and industrial applications. There has been remarkable progress in RTC improvement through the deployment of new strategies like gene editing over the last decade. This review brings out the major areas where CRISPR/Cas technology has improved tuber crops. Strategies for genetic transformation of RTCs with CRISPR/Cas9 constructs and regeneration of edited lines and the bottlenecks encountered in their establishment are also discussed. Certain attributes of tuber crops requiring focus in future research along with putative editing targets are also indicated. Altogether, this review provides a comprehensive account of developments achieved, future lines of research, bottlenecks, and major experimental concerns regarding the establishment of CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing in RTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Divya
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - N Krishna Radhika
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Saini H, Thakur R, Gill R, Tyagi K, Goswami M. CRISPR/Cas9-gene editing approaches in plant breeding. GM CROPS & FOOD 2023; 14:1-17. [PMID: 37725519 PMCID: PMC10512805 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2023.2256930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is recently developed robust genome editing technology for accelerating plant breeding. Various modifications of this editing system have been established for adaptability in plant varieties as well as for its improved efficiency and portability. This review provides an in-depth look at the various strategies for synthesizing gRNAs for efficient delivery in plant cells, including chemical synthesis and in vitro transcription. It also covers traditional analytical tools and emerging developments in detection methods to analyze CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutation in plant breeding. Additionally, the review outlines the various analytical tools which are used to detect and analyze CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutations, such as next-generation sequencing, restriction enzyme analysis, and southern blotting. Finally, the review discusses emerging detection methods, including digital PCR and qPCR. Hence, CRISPR/Cas9 has great potential for transforming agriculture and opening avenues for new advancements in the system for gene editing in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Saini
- School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
- School of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries, Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajneesh Thakur
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rubina Gill
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Lovely professional university, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Kalpana Tyagi
- Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manika Goswami
- Department of Fruit Science, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Bhuyan SJ, Kumar M, Ramrao Devde P, Rai AC, Mishra AK, Singh PK, Siddique KHM. Progress in gene editing tools, implications and success in plants: a review. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1272678. [PMID: 38144710 PMCID: PMC10744593 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1272678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic modifications are made through diverse mutagenesis techniques for crop improvement programs. Among these mutagenesis tools, the traditional methods involve chemical and radiation-induced mutagenesis, resulting in off-target and unintended mutations in the genome. However, recent advances have introduced site-directed nucleases (SDNs) for gene editing, significantly reducing off-target changes in the genome compared to induced mutagenesis and naturally occurring mutations in breeding populations. SDNs have revolutionized genetic engineering, enabling precise gene editing in recent decades. One widely used method, homology-directed repair (HDR), has been effective for accurate base substitution and gene alterations in some plant species. However, its application has been limited due to the inefficiency of HDR in plant cells and the prevalence of the error-prone repair pathway known as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The discovery of CRISPR-Cas has been a game-changer in this field. This system induces mutations by creating double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the genome and repairing them through associated repair pathways like NHEJ. As a result, the CRISPR-Cas system has been extensively used to transform plants for gene function analysis and to enhance desirable traits. Researchers have made significant progress in genetic engineering in recent years, particularly in understanding the CRISPR-Cas mechanism. This has led to various CRISPR-Cas variants, including CRISPR-Cas13, CRISPR interference, CRISPR activation, base editors, primes editors, and CRASPASE, a new CRISPR-Cas system for genetic engineering that cleaves proteins. Moreover, gene editing technologies like the prime editor and base editor approaches offer excellent opportunities for plant genome engineering. These cutting-edge tools have opened up new avenues for rapidly manipulating plant genomes. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of plant genetic engineering, focusing on recently developed tools for gene alteration and their potential applications in plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Jyoti Bhuyan
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Pandurang Ramrao Devde
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Avinash Chandra Rai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
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Shelake RM, Jadhav AM, Bhosale PB, Kim JY. Unlocking secrets of nature's chemists: Potential of CRISPR/Cas-based tools in plant metabolic engineering for customized nutraceutical and medicinal profiles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108070. [PMID: 37816270 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant species have evolved diverse metabolic pathways to effectively respond to internal and external signals throughout their life cycle, allowing adaptation to their sessile and phototropic nature. These pathways selectively activate specific metabolic processes, producing plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) governed by genetic and environmental factors. Humans have utilized PSM-enriched plant sources for millennia in medicine and nutraceuticals. Recent technological advances have significantly contributed to discovering metabolic pathways and related genes involved in the biosynthesis of specific PSM in different food crops and medicinal plants. Consequently, there is a growing demand for plant materials rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, marketed as "superfoods". To meet the industrial demand for superfoods and therapeutic PSMs, modern methods such as system biology, omics, synthetic biology, and genome editing (GE) play a crucial role in identifying the molecular players, limiting steps, and regulatory circuitry involved in PSM production. Among these methods, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) is the most widely used system for plant GE due to its simple design, flexibility, precision, and multiplexing capabilities. Utilizing the CRISPR-based toolbox for metabolic engineering (ME) offers an ideal solution for developing plants with tailored preventive (nutraceuticals) and curative (therapeutic) metabolic profiles in an ecofriendly way. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the multifactorial regulation of metabolic pathways, the application of CRISPR-based tools for plant ME, and the potential research areas for enhancing plant metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Amol Maruti Jadhav
- Research Institute of Green Energy Convergence Technology (RIGET), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Nulla Bio Inc, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Wold-McGimsey F, Krosch C, Alarcón-Reverte R, Ravet K, Katz A, Stromberger J, Mason RE, Pearce S. Multi-target genome editing reduces polyphenol oxidase activity in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1247680. [PMID: 37786514 PMCID: PMC10541959 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1247680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Polyphenol oxidases (PPO) are dual activity metalloenzymes that catalyse the production of quinones. In plants, PPO activity may contribute to biotic stress resistance and secondary metabolism but is undesirable for food producers because it causes the discolouration and changes in flavour profiles of products during post-harvest processing. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), PPO released from the aleurone layer of the grain during milling results in the discolouration of flour, dough, and end-use products, reducing their value. Loss-of-function mutations in the PPO1 and PPO2 paralogous genes on homoeologous group 2 chromosomes confer reduced PPO activity in the wheat grain. However, limited natural variation and the proximity of these genes complicates the selection of extremely low-PPO wheat varieties by recombination. The goal of the current study was to edit all copies of PPO1 and PPO2 to drive extreme reductions in PPO grain activity in elite wheat varieties. Results A CRISPR/Cas9 construct with one single guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting a conserved copper binding domain was used to edit all seven PPO1 and PPO2 genes in the spring wheat cultivar 'Fielder'. Five of the seven edited T1 lines exhibited significant reductions in PPO activity, and T2 lines had PPO activity up to 86.7% lower than wild-type. The same construct was transformed into the elite winter wheat cultivars 'Guardian' and 'Steamboat', which have five PPO1 and PPO2 genes. In these varieties PPO activity was reduced by >90% in both T1 and T2 lines. In all three varieties, dough samples from edited lines exhibited reduced browning. Discussion This study demonstrates that multi-target editing at late stages of variety development could complement selection for beneficial alleles in crop breeding programs by inducing novel variation in loci inaccessible to recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Wold-McGimsey
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Caitlynd Krosch
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Rocío Alarcón-Reverte
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Ravet
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Andrew Katz
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - John Stromberger
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Richard Esten Mason
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Stephen Pearce
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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Elsharawy H, Refat M. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in wheat: enhancing quality and productivity for global food security-a review. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:265. [PMID: 37541970 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop that is grown all over the world for food and industrial purposes. Wheat is essential to the human diet due to its rich content of necessary amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and calories. Various wheat breeding techniques have been utilized to improve its quality, productivity, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress impairing production. However, these techniques are expensive, demanding, and time-consuming. Additionally, these techniques need multiple generations to provide the desired results, and the improved traits could be lost over time. To overcome these challenges, researchers have developed various genome editing tools to improve the quality and quantity of cereal crops, including wheat. Genome editing technologies evolve quickly. Nowadays, single or multiple mutations can be enabled and targeted at specific loci in the plant genome, allowing controlled removal of undesirable features or insertion of advantageous ones. Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is a powerful genome editing tool that can be effectively used for precise genome editing of wheat and other crops. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of this technology's potential applications to enhance wheat's quality and productivity. It will first explore the function of CRISPR/Cas9 in preserving the adaptive immunity of prokaryotic organisms, followed by a discussion of its current applications in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Elsharawy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Moath Refat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong, University, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Farinati S, Draga S, Betto A, Palumbo F, Vannozzi A, Lucchin M, Barcaccia G. Current insights and advances into plant male sterility: new precision breeding technology based on genome editing applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1223861. [PMID: 37521915 PMCID: PMC10382145 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1223861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant male sterility (MS) represents the inability of the plant to generate functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes. Developing MS lines represents one of the most important challenges in plant breeding programs, since the establishment of MS lines is a major goal in F1 hybrid production. For these reasons, MS lines have been developed in several species of economic interest, particularly in horticultural crops and ornamental plants. Over the years, MS has been accomplished through many different techniques ranging from approaches based on cross-mediated conventional breeding methods, to advanced devices based on knowledge of genetics and genomics to the most advanced molecular technologies based on genome editing (GE). GE methods, in particular gene knockout mediated by CRISPR/Cas-related tools, have resulted in flexible and successful strategic ideas used to alter the function of key genes, regulating numerous biological processes including MS. These precision breeding technologies are less time-consuming and can accelerate the creation of new genetic variability with the accumulation of favorable alleles, able to dramatically change the biological process and resulting in a potential efficiency of cultivar development bypassing sexual crosses. The main goal of this manuscript is to provide a general overview of insights and advances into plant male sterility, focusing the attention on the recent new breeding GE-based applications capable of inducing MS by targeting specific nuclear genic loci. A summary of the mechanisms underlying the recent CRISPR technology and relative success applications are described for the main crop and ornamental species. The future challenges and new potential applications of CRISPR/Cas systems in MS mutant production and other potential opportunities will be discussed, as generating CRISPR-edited DNA-free by transient transformation system and transgenerational gene editing for introducing desirable alleles and for precision breeding strategies.
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May D, Sanchez S, Gilby J, Altpeter F. Multi-allelic gene editing in an apomictic, tetraploid turf and forage grass ( Paspalum notatum Flüggé) using CRISPR/Cas9. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1225775. [PMID: 37521929 PMCID: PMC10373592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1225775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy is common among grasses (Poaceae) and poses challenges for conventional breeding. Genome editing technology circumvents crossing and selfing, enabling targeted modifications to multiple gene copies in a single generation while maintaining the heterozygous context of many polyploid genomes. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé; 2n=4x=40) is an apomictic, tetraploid C4 species that is widely grown in the southeastern United States as forage in beef cattle production and utility turf. The chlorophyll biosynthesis gene magnesium chelatase (MgCh) was selected as a rapid readout target for establishing genome editing in tetraploid bahiagrass. Vectors containing sgRNAs, Cas9 and nptII were delivered to callus cultures by biolistics. Edited plants were characterized through PCR-based assays and DNA sequencing, and mutagenesis frequencies as high as 99% of Illumina reads were observed. Sequencing of wild type (WT) bahiagrass revealed a high level of sequence variation in MgCh likely due to the presence of at least two copies with possibly eight different alleles, including pseudogenes. MgCh mutants exhibited visible chlorophyll depletion with up to 82% reductions in leaf greenness. Two lines displayed progression of editing over time which was linked to somatic editing. Apomictic progeny of a chimeric MgCh editing event were obtained and allowed identification of uniformly edited progeny plants among a range of chlorophyll depletion phenotypes. Sanger sequencing of a highly edited mutant revealed elevated frequency of a WT allele, probably due to frequent homology-directed repair (HDR). To our knowledge these experiments comprise the first report of genome editing applied in perennial, warm-season turf or forage grasses. This technology will accelerate bahiagrass cultivar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David May
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sara Sanchez
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer Gilby
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Geng Y, Liu X, Yu Y, Li W, Mou Y, Chen F, Hu X, Ji J, Ma L. From polyphenol to o-quinone: Occurrence, significance, and intervention strategies in foods and health implications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3254-3291. [PMID: 37219415 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidation is a chemical process impairing food freshness and other desirable qualities, which has become a serious problem in fruit and vegetable processing industry. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms involved in these detrimental alterations. o-Quinones are primarily generated by polyphenols with di/tri-phenolic groups through enzymatic oxidation and/or auto-oxidation. They are highly reactive species, which not only readily suffer the attack by nucleophiles but also powerfully oxidize other molecules presenting lower redox potentials via electron transfer reactions. These reactions and subsequent complicated reactions are capable of initiating quality losses in foods, such as browning, aroma loss, and nutritional decline. To attenuate these adverse influences, a variety of technologies have emerged to restrain polyphenol oxidation via governing different factors, especially polyphenol oxidases and oxygen. Despite tremendous efforts devoted, to date, the loss of food quality caused by quinones has remained a great challenge in the food processing industry. Furthermore, o-quinones are responsible for the chemopreventive effects and/or toxicity of the parent catechols on human health, the mechanisms by which are quite complex. Herein, this review focuses on the generation and reactivity of o-quinones, attempting to clarify mechanisms involved in the quality deterioration of foods and health implications for humans. Potential innovative inhibitors and technologies are also presented to intervene in o-quinone formation and subsequent reactions. In future, the feasibility of these inhibitory strategies should be evaluated, and further exploration on biological targets of o-quinones is of great necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Geng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Mou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfu Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjun Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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16
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Boukid F, Ganeshan S, Wang Y, Tülbek MÇ, Nickerson MT. Bioengineered Enzymes and Precision Fermentation in the Food Industry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10156. [PMID: 37373305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes have been used in the food processing industry for many years. However, the use of native enzymes is not conducive to high activity, efficiency, range of substrates, and adaptability to harsh food processing conditions. The advent of enzyme engineering approaches such as rational design, directed evolution, and semi-rational design provided much-needed impetus for tailor-made enzymes with improved or novel catalytic properties. Production of designer enzymes became further refined with the emergence of synthetic biology and gene editing techniques and a plethora of other tools such as artificial intelligence, and computational and bioinformatics analyses which have paved the way for what is referred to as precision fermentation for the production of these designer enzymes more efficiently. With all the technologies available, the bottleneck is now in the scale-up production of these enzymes. There is generally a lack of accessibility thereof of large-scale capabilities and know-how. This review is aimed at highlighting these various enzyme-engineering strategies and the associated scale-up challenges, including safety concerns surrounding genetically modified microorganisms and the use of cell-free systems to circumvent this issue. The use of solid-state fermentation (SSF) is also addressed as a potentially low-cost production system, amenable to customization and employing inexpensive feedstocks as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Boukid
- ClonBio Group Ltd., 6 Fitzwilliam Pl, D02 XE61 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Yingxin Wang
- Saskatchewan Food Industry Development Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7M 5V1, Canada
| | | | - Michael T Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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17
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Peng H, Simko I. Extending lettuce shelf life through integrated technologies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 81:102951. [PMID: 37182322 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce, a leafy vegetable used in cuisines worldwide, is a highly perishable product sensitive to postharvest losses caused by biotic and abiotic factors. The existing technologies and approaches used during plant cultivation, harvest, processing, transportation, and storage can limit the postharvest issues, but further improvements are needed to meet a growing demand for excellent product appearance, combined with superb quality, biosafety, and low economic and environmental cost. This review summarizes our current understanding of lettuce postharvest physiology and genetics with focus on enzymatic discoloration of wounded surfaces and rapid tissue deterioration. Discussed are existing and emerging integrated technologies and approaches that can facilitate achieving outstanding postharvest quality of lettuce products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Everglades Research and Education Center - Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL 95616, USA
| | - Ivan Simko
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, CA 93905, USA.
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18
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Kodackattumannil P, Lekshmi G, Kottackal M, Sasi S, Krishnan S, Al Senaani S, Amiri KMA. Hidden pleiotropy of agronomic traits uncovered by CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis of the tyrosinase CuA-binding domain of the polyphenol oxidase 2 of eggplant. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:825-828. [PMID: 36732423 PMCID: PMC10119049 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Preshobha Kodackattumannil
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Geetha Lekshmi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Martin Kottackal
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shina Sasi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saranya Krishnan
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salima Al Senaani
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled M A Amiri
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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19
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Baum CM, Kamrath C, Bröring S, De Steur H. Show me the benefits! Determinants of behavioral intentions towards CRISPR in the United States. Food Qual Prefer 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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20
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Song Z, Qiao J, Tian D, Dai M, Guan Q, He Y, Liu P, Shi J. Glutamic acid can prevent the browning of fresh-cut potatoes by inhibiting PPO activity and regulating amino acid metabolism. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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21
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Sui X, Meng Z, Dong T, Fan X, Wang Q. Enzymatic browning and polyphenol oxidase control strategies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 81:102921. [PMID: 36965297 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Significant amounts of fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are wasted every year due to enzymatic browning. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is the key enzyme involved in the enzymatic browning. In the past decades, various methods have been developed to inhibit browning of various fresh produce items. However, for most fresh horticultural produce, ideal measures accepted by industries and consumers are still scarce. This review provides up-to-date knowledge of browning control technologies, including physical methods, chemical methods such as natural inhibitors, molecular biotechnology, and nanotechnology. In addition, we propose some ideas to improve the efficacies of these strategies with fewer side effects. To better inhibit tissue browning, new research directions are also discussed, for example, regulation of PPO substrate techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; Postharvest Lab., National Engineering Research Center of Apple, China
| | - Zan Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; Postharvest Lab., National Engineering Research Center of Apple, China
| | - Tiantian Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; Postharvest Lab., National Engineering Research Center of Apple, China
| | - Xuetong Fan
- USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, PA 19454, USA.
| | - Qingguo Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, China; Postharvest Lab., National Engineering Research Center of Apple, China.
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22
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Ravikiran KT, Thribhuvan R, Sheoran S, Kumar S, Kushwaha AK, Vineeth TV, Saini M. Tailoring crops with superior product quality through genome editing: an update. PLANTA 2023; 257:86. [PMID: 36949234 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, using genome editing, the quality trait alterations in important crops have been discussed, along with the challenges encountered to maintain the crop products' quality. The delivery of economic produce with superior quality is as important as high yield since it dictates consumer's acceptance and end use. Improving product quality of various agricultural and horticultural crops is one of the important targets of plant breeders across the globe. Significant achievements have been made in various crops using conventional plant breeding approaches, albeit, at a slower rate. To keep pace with ever-changing consumer tastes and preferences and industry demands, such efforts must be supplemented with biotechnological tools. Fortunately, many of the quality attributes are resultant of well-understood biochemical pathways with characterized genes encoding enzymes at each step. Targeted mutagenesis and transgene transfer have been instrumental in bringing out desired qualitative changes in crops but have suffered from various pitfalls. Genome editing, a technique for methodical and site-specific modification of genes, has revolutionized trait manipulation. With the evolution of versatile and cost effective CRISPR/Cas9 system, genome editing has gained significant traction and is being applied in several crops. The availability of whole genome sequences with the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies further enhanced the precision of these techniques. CRISPR/Cas9 system has also been utilized for desirable modifications in quality attributes of various crops such as rice, wheat, maize, barley, potato, tomato, etc. The present review summarizes salient findings and achievements of application of genome editing for improving product quality in various crops coupled with pointers for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Ravikiran
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Thribhuvan
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | - Seema Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, Haryana, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amar Kant Kushwaha
- ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T V Vineeth
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Bharuch, Gujarat, India
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Manisha Saini
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Adeyinka OS, Tabassum B, Koloko BL, Ogungbe IV. Enhancing the quality of staple food crops through CRISPR/Cas-mediated site-directed mutagenesis. PLANTA 2023; 257:78. [PMID: 36913066 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of CRISPR-Cas gene editing with robust nuclease activity promotes genetic modification of desirable agronomic traits, such as resistance to pathogens, drought tolerance, nutritional value, and yield-related traits in crops. The genetic diversity of food crops has reduced tremendously over the past twelve millennia due to plant domestication. This reduction presents significant challenges for the future especially considering the risks posed by global climate change to food production. While crops with improved phenotypes have been generated through crossbreeding, mutation breeding, and transgenic breeding over the years, improving phenotypic traits through precise genetic diversification has been challenging. The challenges are broadly associated with the randomness of genetic recombination and conventional mutagenesis. This review highlights how emerging gene-editing technologies reduce the burden and time necessary for developing desired traits in plants. Our focus is to provide readers with an overview of the advances in CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing for crop improvement. The use of CRISPR-Cas systems in generating genetic diversity to enhance the quality and nutritional value of staple food crops is discussed. We also outlined recent applications of CRISPR-Cas in developing pest-resistant crops and removing unwanted traits, such as allergenicity from crops. Genome editing tools continue to evolve and present unprecedented opportunities to enhance crop germplasm via precise mutations at the desired loci of the plant genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Samuel Adeyinka
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
| | - Bushra Tabassum
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ifedayo Victor Ogungbe
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
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24
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Guzmán-Benito I, Achkar NP, Bologna N, Ursache R. CRISPR/Cas-mediated inplanta gene targeting: current advances and challenges. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad072. [PMID: 36861321 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We can use gene targeting (GT) to make modifications at a specific region in a plant's genome and create high-precision tools for plant biotechnology and breeding. However, its low efficiency is a major barrier to its use in plants. The discovery of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-Cas-based site-specific nucleases capable of inducing double-strand breaks in desired loci resulted in the development of novel approaches for plant GT. Several studies have recently demonstrated improvements in GT efficiency through cell-type-specific expression of Cas nucleases, the use of self-amplified GT-vector DNA, or manipulation of RNA silencing and DNA repair pathways. In this review, we summarize recent advances in CRISPR/Cas-mediated GT in plants and discuss potential efficiency improvements. Increasing the efficiency of GT technology will help us pave the way for increased crop yields and food safety in environmentally friendly agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Guzmán-Benito
- The Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Patricia Achkar
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Nicolas Bologna
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Robertas Ursache
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
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Mahmood MA, Naqvi RZ, Rahman SU, Amin I, Mansoor S. Plant Virus-Derived Vectors for Plant Genome Engineering. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020531. [PMID: 36851743 PMCID: PMC9958682 DOI: 10.3390/v15020531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in genome engineering (GE) tools based on sequence-specific programmable nucleases have revolutionized precise genome editing in plants. However, only the traditional approaches are used to deliver these GE reagents, which mostly rely on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation or particle bombardment. These techniques have been successfully used for the past decades for the genetic engineering of plants with some limitations relating to lengthy time-taking protocols and transgenes integration-related regulatory concerns. Nevertheless, in the era of climate change, we require certain faster protocols for developing climate-smart resilient crops through GE to deal with global food security. Therefore, some alternative approaches are needed to robustly deliver the GE reagents. In this case, the plant viral vectors could be an excellent option for the delivery of GE reagents because they are efficient, effective, and precise. Additionally, these are autonomously replicating and considered as natural specialists for transient delivery. In the present review, we have discussed the potential use of these plant viral vectors for the efficient delivery of GE reagents. We have further described the different plant viral vectors, such as DNA and RNA viruses, which have been used as efficient gene targeting systems in model plants, and in other important crops including potato, tomato, wheat, and rice. The achievements gained so far in the use of viral vectors as a carrier for GE reagent delivery are depicted along with the benefits and limitations of each viral vector. Moreover, recent advances have been explored in employing viral vectors for GE and adapting this technology for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan Mahmood
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Rubab Zahra Naqvi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Ur Rahman
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
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Hou X, Guo X, Zhang Y, Zhang Q. CRISPR/Cas genome editing system and its application in potato. Front Genet 2023; 14:1017388. [PMID: 36861125 PMCID: PMC9968925 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1017388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato is the largest non-cereal food crop worldwide and a vital substitute for cereal crops, considering its high yield and great nutritive value. It plays an important role in food security. The CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated) system has the advantages of easy operation, high efficiency, and low cost, which shows a potential in potato breeding. In this paper, the action mechanism and derivative types of the CRISPR/Cas system and the application of the CRISPR/Cas system in improving the quality and resistance of potatoes, as well as overcoming the self-incompatibility of potatoes, are reviewed in detail. At the same time, the application of the CRISPR/Cas system in the future development of the potato industry was analyzed and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaomeng Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhang, ; Qiang Zhang,
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Verma V, Kumar A, Partap M, Thakur M, Bhargava B. CRISPR-Cas: A robust technology for enhancing consumer-preferred commercial traits in crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1122940. [PMID: 36824195 PMCID: PMC9941649 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The acceptance of new crop varieties by consumers is contingent on the presence of consumer-preferred traits, which include sensory attributes, nutritional value, industrial products and bioactive compounds production. Recent developments in genome editing technologies provide novel insight to identify gene functions and improve the various qualitative and quantitative traits of commercial importance in plants. Various conventional as well as advanced gene-mutagenesis techniques such as physical and chemical mutagenesis, CRISPR-Cas9, Cas12 and base editors are used for the trait improvement in crops. To meet consumer demand, breakthrough biotechnologies, especially CRISPR-Cas have received a fair share of scientific and industrial interest, particularly in plant genome editing. CRISPR-Cas is a versatile tool that can be used to knock out, replace and knock-in the desired gene fragments at targeted locations in the genome, resulting in heritable mutations of interest. This review highlights the existing literature and recent developments in CRISPR-Cas technologies (base editing, prime editing, multiplex gene editing, epigenome editing, gene delivery methods) for reliable and precise gene editing in plants. This review also discusses the potential of gene editing exhibited in crops for the improvement of consumer-demanded traits such as higher nutritional value, colour, texture, aroma/flavour, and production of industrial products such as biofuel, fibre, rubber and pharmaceuticals. In addition, the bottlenecks and challenges associated with gene editing system, such as off targeting, ploidy level and the ability to edit organelle genome have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipasha Verma
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Akhil Kumar
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Mahinder Partap
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) –Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Das T, Anand U, Pal T, Mandal S, Kumar M, Radha, Gopalakrishnan AV, Lastra JMPDL, Dey A. Exploring the potential of CRISPR/Cas genome editing for vegetable crop improvement: An overview of challenges and approaches. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1215-1228. [PMID: 36740587 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables provide many nutrients in the form of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, which make them an important part of our diet. Numerous biotic and abiotic stresses can affect crop growth, quality, and yield. Traditional and modern breeding strategies to improve plant traits are slow and resource intensive. Therefore, it is necessary to find new approaches for crop improvement. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a genome editing tool that can be used to modify targeted genes for desirable traits with greater efficiency and accuracy. By using CRISPR/Cas9 editing to precisely mutate key genes, it is possible to rapidly generate new germplasm resources for the promotion of important agronomic traits. This is made possible by the availability of whole genome sequencing data and information on the function of genes responsible for important traits. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 systems have revolutionized agriculture, making genome editing more versatile. Currently, genome editing of vegetable crops is limited to a few vegetable varieties (tomato, sweet potato, potato, carrot, squash, eggplant, etc.) due to lack of regeneration protocols and sufficient genome sequencing data. In this article, we summarize recent studies on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in improving vegetable trait development and the potential for future improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyelee Das
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Tarun Pal
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Sayanti Mandal
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - José M Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA-CSIC, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Purification and comparison of soluble and membrane-bound polyphenol oxidase from potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 202:106195. [PMID: 36270466 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic browning greatly affects the quality of potato products. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is the enzyme mainly responsible for potato enzymatic browning. PPO has soluble polyphenol oxidase (sPPO) and membrane-bound polyphenol oxidase (mPPO) forms. In this study, the properties of sPPO and mPPO were investigated in potato tubers. The molecular weight of potato sPPO and mPPO were estimated to be 69 kDa in the form of homodimers in vivo. The mass spectrometry results showed that the purified sPPO and mPPO protein in potato tubers was mainly tr|M1BMR6 (Uniprot). The optimum pH for sPPO and mPPO was 6.5, and the optimum temperatures were 20 and 30 °C, respectively. The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum unit enzyme activity (Vmax) of sPPO were 6.08 mM and 2161 U/S when catechol was used as the substrate, whereas those of mPPO were 2.95 mM and 2129.53 U/S, respectively. The mPPO had stronger affinity to the substrate catechol than sPPO, whereas pyrogallic acid was stronger affinity for sPPO. Ascorbic acid and sodium sulfite were inhibitors of sPPO and mPPO, respectively. After understanding the different binding states of polyphenol oxidase, different inhibitors and treatment methods can be used to treat the enzyme according to different enzymatic properties, so as to achieve a greater degree of Browning control. These results will provide a theoretical basis for regulating PPO activity to reduce enzymatic browning during potato processing.
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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats tools for plant metabolic engineering: achievements and perspectives. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 79:102856. [PMID: 36473330 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The plant kingdom represents the biggest source of feedstock, food, and added-value compounds. Engineering plant metabolic pathways to increase the phytochemical production or improve the nutraceutical value of crops is challenging because of the intricate interaction networks that link multiple genes, enzymatic steps, and metabolites, even when pathways are fully elucidated. The development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR-associated (CRISPR-Cas) technologies has helped to overcome limitations in metabolic engineering, providing efficient and versatile tools for multigene editing. CRISPR approaches in plants were shown to have a remarkable efficiency in genome editing of different species to improve agronomic and metabolic traits. Here, we give an overview of the different achievements and perspectives of CRISPR technology in plant metabolic engineering.
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May D, Paldi K, Altpeter F. Targeted mutagenesis with sequence-specific nucleases for accelerated improvement of polyploid crops: Progress, challenges, and prospects. THE PLANT GENOME 2023:e20298. [PMID: 36692095 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many of the world's most important crops are polyploid. The presence of more than two sets of chromosomes within their nuclei and frequently aberrant reproductive biology in polyploids present obstacles to conventional breeding. The presence of a larger number of homoeologous copies of each gene makes random mutation breeding a daunting task for polyploids. Genome editing has revolutionized improvement of polyploid crops as multiple gene copies and/or alleles can be edited simultaneously while preserving the key attributes of elite cultivars. Most genome-editing platforms employ sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) to generate DNA double-stranded breaks at their target gene. Such DNA breaks are typically repaired via the error-prone nonhomologous end-joining process, which often leads to frame shift mutations, causing loss of gene function. Genome editing has enhanced the disease resistance, yield components, and end-use quality of polyploid crops. However, identification of candidate targets, genotyping, and requirement of high mutagenesis efficiency remain bottlenecks for targeted mutagenesis in polyploids. In this review, we will survey the tremendous progress of SSN-mediated targeted mutagenesis in polyploid crop improvement, discuss its challenges, and identify optimizations needed to sustain further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David May
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katalin Paldi
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
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32
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Ly DNP, Iqbal S, Fosu-Nyarko J, Milroy S, Jones MGK. Multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 Gene-Editing Can Deliver Potato Cultivars with Reduced Browning and Acrylamide. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020379. [PMID: 36679094 PMCID: PMC9864857 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Storing potato tubers at cold temperatures, either for transport or continuity of supply, is associated with the conversion of sucrose to reducing sugars. When cold-stored cut tubers are processed at high temperatures, with endogenous asparagine, acrylamide is formed. Acrylamide is classified as a carcinogen. Potato processors prefer cultivars which accumulate fewer reducing sugars and thus less acrylamide on processing, and suitable processing cultivars may not be available. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to disrupt the genes encoding vacuolar invertase (VInv) and asparagine synthetase 1 (AS1) of cultivars Atlantic and Desiree to reduce the accumulation of reducing sugars and the production of asparagine after cold storage. Three of the four guide RNAs employed induced mutation frequencies of 17-98%, which resulted in deletions, insertions and substitutions at the targeted gene sites. Eight of ten edited events had mutations in at least one allele of both genes; for two, only the VInv was edited. No wild-type allele was detected in both genes of events DSpco7, DSpFN4 and DSpco12, suggesting full allelic mutations. Tubers of two Atlantic and two Desiree events had reduced fructose and glucose concentrations after cold storage. Crisps from these and four other Desiree events were lighter in colour and included those with 85% less acrylamide. These results demonstrate that multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 technology can generate improved potato cultivars for healthier processed potato products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem Nguyen Phuoc Ly
- Crop Biotechnology Research Group, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sadia Iqbal
- Crop Biotechnology Research Group, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (J.F.-N.); (M.G.K.J.)
| | - John Fosu-Nyarko
- Crop Biotechnology Research Group, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (J.F.-N.); (M.G.K.J.)
| | - Stephen Milroy
- Crop Biotechnology Research Group, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Potato Research Western Australia, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Michael G. K. Jones
- Crop Biotechnology Research Group, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Potato Research Western Australia, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (J.F.-N.); (M.G.K.J.)
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González MN, Massa GA, Andersson M, Storani L, Olsson N, Décima Oneto CA, Hofvander P, Feingold SE. CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Potato Functional Genomics and Breeding. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2653:333-361. [PMID: 36995636 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3131-7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important staple food crops worldwide. Its tetraploid and highly heterozygous nature poses a great challenge to its basic research and trait improvement through traditional mutagenesis and/or crossbreeding. The establishment of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) as a gene editing tool has allowed the alteration of specific gene sequences and their concomitant gene function, providing powerful technology for potato gene functional analysis and improvement of elite cultivars. This technology relies on a short RNA molecule called single guide RNA (sgRNA) that directs the Cas9 nuclease to induce a site-specific double-stranded break (DSB). Further, repair of the DSB by the error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanism leads to the introduction of targeted mutations, which can be used to produce the loss of function of specific gene(s). In this chapter, we describe experimental procedures to apply the CRISPR/Cas9 technology for potato genome editing. First, we provide strategies for target selection and sgRNA design and describe a Golden Gate-based cloning system to obtain a sgRNA/Cas9-encoding binary vector. We also describe an optimized protocol for ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex assembly. The binary vector can be used for both Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and transient expression in potato protoplasts, while the RNP complexes are intended to obtain edited potato lines through protoplast transfection and plant regeneration. Finally, we describe procedures to identify the gene-edited potato lines. The methods described here are suitable for potato gene functional analysis and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Nicolás González
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, IPADS (INTA - CONICET), Balcarce, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela Alejandra Massa
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, IPADS (INTA - CONICET), Balcarce, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Mariette Andersson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Leonardo Storani
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, IPADS (INTA - CONICET), Balcarce, Argentina
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Niklas Olsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Andrea Décima Oneto
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, IPADS (INTA - CONICET), Balcarce, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
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Sharma P, Pandey A, Malviya R, Dey S, Karmakar S, Gayen D. Genome editing for improving nutritional quality, post-harvest shelf life and stress tolerance of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1094965. [PMID: 36911238 PMCID: PMC9998953 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1094965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural production relies on horticultural crops, including vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants, which sustain human life. With an alarming increase in human population and the consequential need for more food, it has become necessary for increased production to maintain food security. Conventional breeding has subsidized the development of improved verities but to enhance crop production, new breeding techniques need to be acquired. CRISPR-Cas9 system is a unique and powerful genome manipulation tool that can change the DNA in a precise way. Based on the bacterial adaptive immune system, this technique uses an endonuclease that creates double-stranded breaks (DSBs) at the target loci under the guidance of a single guide RNA. These DSBs can be repaired by a cellular repair mechanism that installs small insertion and deletion (indels) at the cut sites. When equated to alternate editing tools like ZFN, TALENs, and meganucleases, CRISPR- The cas-based editing tool has quickly gained fast-forward for its simplicity, ease to use, and low off-target effect. In numerous horticultural and industrial crops, the CRISPR technology has been successfully used to enhance stress tolerance, self-life, nutritional improvements, flavor, and metabolites. The CRISPR-based tool is the most appropriate one with the prospective goal of generating non-transgenic yields and avoiding the regulatory hurdles to release the modified crops into the market. Although several challenges for editing horticultural, industrial, and ornamental crops remain, this new novel nuclease, with its crop-specific application, makes it a dynamic tool for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Anuradha Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Rinku Malviya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | | | - Dipak Gayen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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Miranda S, Piazza S, Nuzzo F, Li M, Lagrèze J, Mithöfer A, Cestaro A, Tarkowska D, Espley R, Dare A, Malnoy M, Martens S. CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing applied to MdPGT1 in apple results in reduced foliar phloridzin without impacting plant growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:92-105. [PMID: 36401738 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phloridzin is the most abundant polyphenolic compound in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), which results from the action of a key phloretin-specific UDP-2'-O-glucosyltransferase (MdPGT1). Here, we simultaneously assessed the effects of targeting MdPGT1 by conventional transgenesis and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing. To this end, we conducted transcriptomic and metabolic analyses of MdPGT1 RNA interference knockdown and genome-edited lines. Knockdown lines exhibited characteristic impairment of plant growth and leaf morphology, whereas genome-edited lines exhibited normal growth despite reduced foliar phloridzin. RNA-sequencing analysis identified a common core of regulated genes, involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. However, we identified genes and processes differentially modulated in stunted and genome-edited lines, including key transcription factors and genes involved in phytohormone signalling. Therefore, we conducted a phytohormone profiling to obtain insight into their role in the phenotypes observed. We found that salicylic and jasmonic acid were increased in dwarf lines, whereas auxin and ABA showed no correlation with the growth phenotype. Furthermore, bioactive brassinosteroids were commonly up-regulated, whereas gibberellin GA4 was distinctively altered, showing a sharp decrease in RNA interference knockdown lines. Expression analysis by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction expression analysis further confirmed transcriptional regulation of key factors involved in brassinosteroid and gibberellin interaction. These findings suggest that a differential modulation of phytohormones may be involved in the contrasting effects on growth following phloridzin reduction. The present study also illustrates how CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing can be applied to dissect the contribution of genes involved in phloridzin biosynthesis in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Miranda
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
- C3A Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Floriana Nuzzo
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Mingai Li
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Jorge Lagrèze
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
- C3A Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Alessandro Cestaro
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Danuše Tarkowska
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Slechtitelu 19, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
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36
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Chincinska IA, Miklaszewska M, Sołtys-Kalina D. Recent advances and challenges in potato improvement using CRISPR/Cas genome editing. PLANTA 2022; 257:25. [PMID: 36562862 PMCID: PMC9789015 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas technology improves the quality of potato as a food crop and enables its use as both a model plant in fundamental research and as a potential biofactory for producing valuable compounds for industrial applications. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plays a significant role in ensuring global food and nutritional security. Tuber yield is negatively affected by biotic and abiotic stresses, and enzymatic browning and cold-induced sweetening significantly contribute to post-harvest quality losses. With the dual challenges of a growing population and a changing climate, potato enhancement is essential for its sustainable production. However, due to several characteristics of potato, including high levels of heterozygosity, tetrasomic inheritance, inbreeding depression, and self-incompatibility of diploid potato, conventional breeding practices are insufficient to achieve substantial trait improvement in tetraploid potato cultivars within a relatively short time. CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing has opened new possibilities to develop novel potato varieties with high commercialization potential. In this review, we summarize recent developments in optimizing CRISPR/Cas-based methods for potato genome editing, focusing on approaches addressing the challenging biology of this species. We also discuss the feasibility of obtaining transgene-free genome-edited potato varieties and explore different strategies to improve potato stress resistance, nutritional value, starch composition, and storage and processing characteristics. Altogether, this review provides insight into recent advances, possible bottlenecks, and future research directions in potato genome editing using CRISPR/Cas technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Anna Chincinska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Miklaszewska
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorota Sołtys-Kalina
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Platanowa 19, 05-831, Młochów, Poland
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Tuncel A, Qi Y. CRISPR/Cas mediated genome editing in potato: Past achievements and future directions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111474. [PMID: 36174801 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Genome engineering has been re-shaping plant biotechnology and agriculture. Crop improvement using the recently developed gene editing techniques is now easier, faster, and more precise than ever. Although considered to be a global food security crop, potato has not benefitted enough from diverse collection of these techniques. Unique genetic features of cultivated potatoes such as tetrasomic inheritance, high genomic heterozygosity, and inbreeding depression hamper conventional breeding of this important crop. Therefore, genome editing provides an excellent arsenal of tools for trait improvement in potato. Moreover, using specific transformation protocols, it is possible to engineer transgene free commercial varieties. In this review we first describe the past achievements in potato genome editing and highlight some of the missing aspects of these efforts. Then, we discuss about technical challenges of genome editing in potato and present approaches to overcome these difficulties. Finally, we talk about genome editing applications that have not been explored in potato and point out some of the missing venues in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytug Tuncel
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Yiping Qi
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Devi R, Chauhan S, Dhillon TS. Genome editing for vegetable crop improvement: Challenges and future prospects. Front Genet 2022; 13:1037091. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1037091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable crops are known as protective foods due to their potential role in a balanced human diet, especially for vegetarians as they are a rich source of vitamins and minerals along with dietary fibers. Many biotic and abiotic stresses threaten the crop growth, yield and quality of these crops. These crops are annual, biennial and perennial in breeding behavior. Traditional breeding strategies pose many challenges in improving economic crop traits. As in most of the cases the large number of backcrosses and stringent selection pressure is required for the introgression of the useful traits into the germplasm, which is time and labour-intensive process. Plant scientists have improved economic traits like yield, quality, biotic stress resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and improved nutritional quality of crops more precisely and accurately through the use of the revolutionary breeding method known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9). The high mutation efficiency, less off-target consequences and simplicity of this technique has made it possible to attain novel germplasm resources through gene-directed mutation. It facilitates mutagenic response even in complicated genomes which are difficult to breed using traditional approaches. The revelation of functions of important genes with the advancement of whole-genome sequencing has facilitated the CRISPR-Cas9 editing to mutate the desired target genes. This technology speeds up the creation of new germplasm resources having better agro-economical traits. This review entails a detailed description of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology along with its potential applications in olericulture, challenges faced and future prospects.
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Kulshreshtha A, Sharma S, Padilla CS, Mandadi KK. Plant-based expression platforms to produce high-value metabolites and proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1043478. [PMID: 36426139 PMCID: PMC9679013 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based heterologous expression systems can be leveraged to produce high-value therapeutics, industrially important proteins, metabolites, and bioproducts. The production can be scaled up, free from pathogen contamination, and offer post-translational modifications to synthesize complex proteins. With advancements in molecular techniques, transgenics, CRISPR/Cas9 system, plant cell, tissue, and organ culture, significant progress has been made to increase the expression of recombinant proteins and important metabolites in plants. Methods are also available to stabilize RNA transcripts, optimize protein translation, engineer proteins for their stability, and target proteins to subcellular locations best suited for their accumulation. This mini-review focuses on recent advancements to enhance the production of high-value metabolites and proteins necessary for therapeutic applications using plants as bio-factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kulshreshtha
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. GCN College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India
| | - Carmen S. Padilla
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Kranthi K. Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX, United States
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Rustgi S, Naveed S, Windham J, Zhang H, Demirer GS. Plant biomacromolecule delivery methods in the 21st century. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:1011934. [PMID: 36311974 PMCID: PMC9614364 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.1011934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 21st century witnessed a boom in plant genomics and gene characterization studies through RNA interference and site-directed mutagenesis. Specifically, the last 15 years marked a rapid increase in discovering and implementing different genome editing techniques. Methods to deliver gene editing reagents have also attempted to keep pace with the discovery and implementation of gene editing tools in plants. As a result, various transient/stable, quick/lengthy, expensive (requiring specialized equipment)/inexpensive, and versatile/specific (species, developmental stage, or tissue) methods were developed. A brief account of these methods with emphasis on recent developments is provided in this review article. Additionally, the strengths and limitations of each method are listed to allow the reader to select the most appropriate method for their specific studies. Finally, a perspective for future developments and needs in this research area is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Sachin Rustgi, ; Gözde S. Demirer,
| | - Salman Naveed
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC, United States
| | - Jonathan Windham
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC, United States
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gözde S. Demirer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Sachin Rustgi, ; Gözde S. Demirer,
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41
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Recent Advances in Molecular Improvement for Potato Tuber Traits. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179982. [PMID: 36077378 PMCID: PMC9456189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato is an important crop due to its nutritional value and high yield potential. Improving the quality and quantity of tubers remains one of the most important breeding objectives. Genetic mapping helps to identify suitable markers for use in the molecular breeding, and combined with transgenic approaches provides an efficient way for gaining desirable traits. The advanced plant breeding tools and molecular techniques, e.g., TALENS, CRISPR-Cas9, RNAi, and cisgenesis, have been successfully used to improve the yield and nutritional value of potatoes in an increasing world population scenario. The emerging methods like genome editing tools can avoid incorporating transgene to keep the food more secure. Multiple success cases have been documented in genome editing literature. Recent advances in potato breeding and transgenic approaches to improve tuber quality and quantity have been summarized in this review.
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Prager SM, Cohen A, Cooper WR, Novy R, Rashed A, Wenninger EJ, Wallis C. A comprehensive review of zebra chip disease in potato and its management through breeding for resistance/tolerance to 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' and its insect vector. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3731-3745. [PMID: 35415948 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zebra chip disease (ZC), associated with the plant pathogenic bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (psyllaurous) (CLso), is a major threat to global potato production. In addition to yield loss, CLso infection causes discoloration in the tubers, rendering them unmarketable. CLso is transmitted by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae). ZC is managed by prophylactic insecticide applications to control the vector, which is costly and carries environmental and human health risks. Given the expense, difficulty, and unsustainability of managing vector-borne diseases with insecticides, identifying sources of resistance to CLso and developing varieties that are resistant or tolerant to CLso and/or potato psyllids has become a major goal of breeding efforts. These efforts include field and laboratory evaluations of noncultivated germplasm and cultivars, studies of tubers in cold storage, detailed quantifications of biochemical responses to infection with CLso, possible mechanisms underlying insect resistance, and traditional examination of potato quality following infections. This review provides a brief history of ZC and potato psyllid, a summary of currently available tools to manage ZC, and a comprehensive review of breeding efforts for ZC and potato psyllid management within the greater context of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Prager
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Abigail Cohen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - W Rodney Cooper
- US Department of Agricultural, Agricultural Research Service, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA, USA
| | - Richard Novy
- US Department of Agricultural, Agricultural Research Service, Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research, Aberdeen, ID, USA
| | - Arash Rashed
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology & Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Erik J Wenninger
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology & Nematology, Kimberly Research & Extension Center, University of Idaho, Kimberly, ID, USA
| | - Christopher Wallis
- US Department of Agricultural, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Agricultural Sciences Center, Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research Unit, Parlier, CA, USA
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43
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Kumar D, Yadav A, Ahmad R, Dwivedi UN, Yadav K. CRISPR-Based Genome Editing for Nutrient Enrichment in Crops: A Promising Approach Toward Global Food Security. Front Genet 2022; 13:932859. [PMID: 35910203 PMCID: PMC9329789 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.932859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The global malnutrition burden imparts long-term developmental, economic, social, and medical consequences to individuals, communities, and countries. The current developments in biotechnology have infused biofortification in several food crops to fight malnutrition. However, these methods are not sustainable and suffer from several limitations, which are being solved by the CRISPR-Cas-based system of genome editing. The pin-pointed approach of CRISPR-based genome editing has made it a top-notch method due to targeted gene editing, thus making it free from ethical issues faced by transgenic crops. The CRISPR-Cas genome-editing tool has been extensively used in crop improvement programs due to its more straightforward design, low methodology cost, high efficiency, good reproducibility, and quick cycle. The system is now being utilized in the biofortification of cereal crops such as rice, wheat, barley, and maize, including vegetable crops such as potato and tomato. The CRISPR-Cas-based crop genome editing has been utilized in imparting/producing qualitative enhancement in aroma, shelf life, sweetness, and quantitative improvement in starch, protein, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), oleic acid, anthocyanin, phytic acid, gluten, and steroidal glycoalkaloid contents. Some varieties have even been modified to become disease and stress-resistant. Thus, the present review critically discusses CRISPR-Cas genome editing-based biofortification of crops for imparting nutraceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Anurag Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agriculture University, Banaskantha, India
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era Medical University and Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Kusum Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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44
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Rather GA, Ayzenshtat D, Teper-Bamnolker P, Kumar M, Forotan Z, Eshel D, Bocobza S. Advances in protoplast transfection promote efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in tetraploid potato. PLANTA 2022; 256:14. [PMID: 35713718 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method of DNA-free gene-editing in potato protoplasts was developed using linearized DNA fragments, UBIQUITIN10 promoters of several plant species, kanamycin selection, and transient overexpression of the BABYBOOM transcription factor. Plant protoplasts represent a reliable experimental system for the genetic manipulation of desired traits using gene editing. Nevertheless, the selection and regeneration of mutated protoplasts are challenging and subsequent recovery of successfully edited plants is a significant bottleneck in advanced plant breeding technologies. In an effort to alleviate the obstacles related to protoplasts' transgene expression and protoplasts' regeneration, a new method was developed. In so doing, it was shown that linearized DNA could efficiently transfect potato protoplasts and that UBIQUITIN10 promoters from various plants could direct transgene expression in an effective manner. Also, the inhibitory concentration of kanamycin was standardized for transfected protoplasts, and the NEOMYCIN PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE2 (NPT2) gene could be used as a potent selection marker for the enrichment of transfected protoplasts. Furthermore, transient expression of the BABYBOOM (BBM) transcription factor promoted the regeneration of protoplast-derived calli. Together, these methods significantly increased the selection for protoplasts that displayed high transgene expression, and thereby significantly increased the rate of gene editing events in protoplast-derived calli to 95%. The method developed in this study facilitated gene-editing in tetraploid potato plants and opened the way to sophisticated genetic manipulation in polyploid organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar A Rather
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Dana Ayzenshtat
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Paula Teper-Bamnolker
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Zohar Forotan
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Dani Eshel
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Samuel Bocobza
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel.
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45
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Uranga M, Daròs JA. Tools and targets: The dual role of plant viruses in CRISPR-Cas genome editing. THE PLANT GENOME 2022:e20220. [PMID: 35698891 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of tools based on the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins have revolutionized targeted genome editing, thus holding great promise to both basic plant science and precision crop breeding. Conventional approaches for the delivery of editing components rely on transformation technologies or transient delivery to protoplasts, both of which are time-consuming, laborious, and can raise legal concerns. Alternatively, plant RNA viruses can be used as transient delivery vectors of CRISPR-Cas reaction components, following the so-called virus-induced genome editing (VIGE). During the last years, researchers have been able to engineer viral vectors for the delivery of CRISPR guide RNAs and Cas nucleases. Considering that each viral vector is limited to its molecular biology properties and a specific host range, here we review recent advances for improving the VIGE toolbox with a special focus on strategies to achieve tissue-culture-free editing in plants. We also explore the utility of CRISPR-Cas technology to enhance biotic resistance with a special focus on plant virus diseases. This can be achieved by either targeting the viral genome or modifying essential host susceptibility genes that mediate in the infection process. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potential that VIGE holds in future breeding technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Uranga
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - University. Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - University. Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
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46
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Dhugga KS. Gene Editing to Accelerate Crop Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:889995. [PMID: 35712601 PMCID: PMC9196881 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in biotechnology have helped increase tissue transformation efficiency and the frequency and specificity of gene editing to an extent that introducing allelic variants directly in elite varieties has become possible. In comparison to the conventional approach of crossing an elite recipient line with an exotic donor parent to introduce the trait of interest followed by repeated backcrossing, direct introduction of major-effect allelic variants into elite varieties saves time and resources, and eliminates yield drag resulting from the residual donor genes at the end of backcrossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwarpal S. Dhugga
- International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT), El Batan, Mexico
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47
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Kumari C, Sharma M, Kumar V, Sharma R, Kumar V, Sharma P, Kumar P, Irfan M. Genome Editing Technology for Genetic Amelioration of Fruits and Vegetables for Alleviating Post-Harvest Loss. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040176. [PMID: 35447736 PMCID: PMC9028506 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Food security and crop production are challenged worldwide due to overpopulation, changing environmental conditions, crop establishment failure, and various kinds of post-harvest losses. The demand for high-quality foods with improved nutritional quality is also growing day by day. Therefore, production of high-quality produce and reducing post-harvest losses of produce, particularly of perishable fruits and vegetables, are vital. For many decades, attempts have been made to improve the post-harvest quality traits of horticultural crops. Recently, modern genetic tools such as genome editing emerged as a new approach to manage and overcome post-harvest effectively and efficiently. The different genome editing tools including ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 system effectively introduce mutations (In Dels) in many horticultural crops to address and resolve the issues associated with post-harvest storage quality. Henceforth, we provide a broad review of genome editing applications in horticulture crops to improve post-harvest stability traits such as shelf life, texture, and resistance to pathogens without compromising nutritional value. Moreover, major roadblocks, challenges, and their possible solutions for employing genome editing tools are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India; (C.K.); (M.S.); (V.K.); (R.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Megha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India; (C.K.); (M.S.); (V.K.); (R.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India; (C.K.); (M.S.); (V.K.); (R.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Rajnish Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India; (C.K.); (M.S.); (V.K.); (R.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Parul Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India; (C.K.); (M.S.); (V.K.); (R.S.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173230, India; (C.K.); (M.S.); (V.K.); (R.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (M.I.)
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48
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Goberna MF, Whelan AI, Godoy P, Lewi DM. Genomic Editing: The Evolution in Regulatory Management Accompanying Scientific Progress. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:835378. [PMID: 35265604 PMCID: PMC8900009 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.835378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Argentina currently has a regulation for genome-editing products whose criteria were updated as consultations were received to determine the regulatory status of these products. The aim of this regulation is to consider all organisms (animals, micro-organisms and plants) under the same NBT resolution independently and without being linked to commercial Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) regulations. This gives certainty to local researchers and developers (teams of local developers and researchers), which can be seen in the number of developments and consultations carried out. It should be noted that early results showed that the speed of innovation of these technologies was increasing in a short time, giving more opportunity to local developers who showed interest in generating products in different species, crops and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Goberna
- National Directorate of Bioeconomy, Secretariat of Food, Bioeconomy and Regional Development, MAGyP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Inés Whelan
- National Directorate of Bioeconomy, Secretariat of Food, Bioeconomy and Regional Development, MAGyP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Perla Godoy
- National Directorate of Bioeconomy, Secretariat of Food, Bioeconomy and Regional Development, MAGyP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dalia Marcela Lewi
- National Directorate of Bioeconomy, Secretariat of Food, Bioeconomy and Regional Development, MAGyP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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49
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Dossou SSK, Luo Z, Wang Z, Zhou W, Zhou R, Zhang Y, Li D, Liu A, Dossa K, You J, Wang L. The Dark Pigment in the Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seed Coat: Isolation, Characterization, and Its Potential Precursors. Front Nutr 2022; 9:858673. [PMID: 35295915 PMCID: PMC8919073 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.858673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame is a worldwide oilseed crop used in the food pharmacy. Its seed phenotypes determine the seed quality values. However, a thorough assessment of seed coat metabolites is lacking, and the dark pigment in the seed coat is not well-characterized. Herein, we report the isolation of melanin by the alkali method from the black and brown sesame seeds. Physicochemical methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solubility, precipitation, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), were used to characterize the sesame melanins. The results clearly showed that the isolated pigments were similar to melanin from other sources. Both melanins were heat-stable and exhibited numerous characteristic absorption peaks. Through a comprehensible LC-MS/MS-based metabolome profiles analysis of NaOH and methanol extracts of black and white sesame seeds, caffeic, protocatechuic, indole-carboxylic, homogentisic, ferulic, vanillic, and benzoic acids were identified as the potential precursors of the sesame melanin. Our findings widen our understanding of dark seeds pigmentation in sesame. Furthermore, they show that black sesame seeds are promising sources of edible melanin for food and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senouwa Segla Koffi Dossou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Biotechnologie Végétales, Faculté Des Sciences, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Zishu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wangyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Aili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Komivi Dossa
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jun You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun You
| | - Linhai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Linhai Wang
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50
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Tiwari JK, Buckseth T, Challam C, Zinta R, Bhatia N, Dalamu D, Naik S, Poonia AK, Singh RK, Luthra SK, Kumar V, Kumar M. CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing in Potato: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Front Genet 2022; 13:827808. [PMID: 35186041 PMCID: PMC8849127 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.827808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rasna Zinta
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India.,School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Nisha Bhatia
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India.,School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Dalamu Dalamu
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - Sharmistha Naik
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India.,ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India
| | - Anuj K Poonia
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | | | | | - Vinod Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Meerut, India
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