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Li H, Zhu X, Wang J, Wei Y, Nai F, Yu H, Wang X. Unraveling differential characteristics and mechanisms of nitrogen uptake in wheat cultivars with varied nitrogen use efficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108278. [PMID: 38147707 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen uptake is crucial to wheat nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The study's findings indicate that both high- and low-NUE cultivars exhibited highest nitrogen uptake efficiency (NupE) under 0.2 mM nitrogen. Under 2 mM nitrogen, their NupEs decrease significantly, while uptakes to NO3- were notably higher than that of NH4+. Strikingly, high-NUE cultivars exhibited a significantly higher NH4+ uptake rate than low NUE cultivars, resulting in a marked improvement in their ability to take up nitrogen. The NUEs of the cultivars with 5 mM nitrogen were almost half that of 2 mM nitrogen. NO3- uptake primarily occurred in the mature zone of roots, while NH4+ uptake took place in the root tip meristem and elongation zones. Notably, the NH4+ uptake in root tip meristematic zone of high-NUE cultivar was significantly higher than that of low NUE cultivar. Furthermore, the NO3- uptake of high-NUE cultivar in the root mature zone was significantly higher than that of low-NUE cultivar under 2 mM nitrogen. These findings were consistent with the significantly higher expression levels of TaAMT in root tip and of TaNRT in root mature area of high-NUE cultivar compared to low-NUE cultivar, respectively, enabling efficient absorption of NO3- and NH4+ and transport of NO3- to shoot. The high-NUE cultivars showed elevated expression of amino acid transporters further promoting nitrogen uptake, and conversion of nitrogen into ureides and amino acids further facilitated inorganic nitrogen uptake by roots. The differential findings offer valuable insights into novel variety breeding of high NUE in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Research and Experiment Station of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Farmland of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yihao Wei
- Research and Experiment Station of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Farmland of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Furong Nai
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Haidong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Research and Experiment Station of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Farmland of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science in China, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Research and Experiment Station of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Farmland of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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Yang X, Xu F, Pan W, Zhang W, Liao H, Zhu B, Xu B, Chen X, Yang H. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of High- and Low-Growth Genotypes of Eucalyptus urophylla in Response to Long-Term Nitrogen Deficiency. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:60. [PMID: 38254950 PMCID: PMC10815775 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrients play important roles in the growth and development of most plant species. However, in perennial trees, the function of nutrients in different genotypes is poorly understood. Three different nutrient levels (low, sufficient, and high nutrient levels) were applied to two contrasting Eucalyptus urophylla cultivars (a high-growth cultivar ZQUA44 and a low-growth cultivar ZQUB15), and growth and expression levels were analyzed. Although the growth traits of both genotypes under nutrient starvation treatment were much lower than under abundant nutrients, tree height, crown width, and biomass of different ZQUA44 tissues were much higher than those of ZQUB15 at all three nutrient levels. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) clustered into six subclusters based on their expression patterns, and functional annotation showed that the DEGs involved in glutathione metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis may be responsible for nutrient starvation across different genotypes, while the DEGs involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism may have a range of functions in different genotypes. The DEGs encoding the MYB-related family may be responsible for nutrient deficiency in all genotypes, while B3 may have different functions in different genotypes. Our results demonstrate that different genotypes may form different pathways to coordinate plant survival when they face abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Huanqin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Baozhu Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Huixiao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Ammonium Transporter (AMT) Genes in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030658. [PMID: 36980930 PMCID: PMC10048622 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium transporters (AMTs) are plasma membrane proteins mediating ammonium uptake and transport. As such, AMTs play vital roles in ammonium acquisition and mobilization, plant growth and development, and stress and pathogen defense responses. Identification of favorable AMT genotypes is a prime target for crop improvement. However, to date, systematic identification and expression analysis of AMT gene family members has not yet been reported for rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). In this study, 20 AMT genes were identified in a comprehensive search of the B. napus genome, 14 members of AMT1 and 6 members of AMT2. Tissue expression analyses revealed that the 14 AMT genes were primarily expressed in vegetative organs, suggesting that different BnaAMT genes might function in specific tissues at the different development stages. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR analysis found that several BnaAMTs strongly respond to the exogenous N conditions, implying the functional roles of AMT genes in ammonium absorption in rapeseed. Moreover, the rapeseed AMT genes were found to be differentially regulated by N, P, and K deficiency, indicating that crosstalk might exist in response to different stresses. Additionally, the subcellular localization of several BnaAMT proteins was confirmed in Arabidopsis protoplasts, and their functions were studied in detail by heterologous expression in yeast. In summary, our studies revealed the potential roles of BnaAMT genes in N acquisition or transportation and abiotic stress response and could provide valuable resources for revealing the functionality of AMTs in rapeseed.
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Nazir F, Mahajan M, Khatoon S, Albaqami M, Ashfaque F, Chhillar H, Chopra P, Khan MIR. Sustaining nitrogen dynamics: A critical aspect for improving salt tolerance in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1087946. [PMID: 36909406 PMCID: PMC9996754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1087946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the current changing environment, salt stress has become a major concern for plant growth and food production worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms of how plants function in saline environments is critical for initiating efforts to mitigate the detrimental effects of salt stress. Agricultural productivity is linked to nutrient availability, and it is expected that the judicious metabolism of mineral nutrients has a positive impact on alleviating salt-induced losses in crop plants. Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient that contributes significantly to sustainable agriculture by maintaining productivity and plant growth in both optimal and stressful environments. Significant progress has been made in comprehending the fundamental physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with N-mediated plant responses to salt stress. This review provided an (a) overview of N-sensing, transportation, and assimilation in plants; (b) assess the salt stress-mediated regulation of N dynamics and nitrogen use- efficiency; (c) critically appraise the role of N in plants exposed to salt stress. Furthermore, the existing but less explored crosstalk between N and phytohormones has been discussed that may be utilized to gain a better understanding of plant adaptive responses to salt stress. In addition, the shade of a small beam of light on the manipulation of N dynamics through genetic engineering with an aim of developing salt-tolerant plants is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroza Nazir
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Moksh Mahajan
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farha Ashfaque
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Li J, Li W, Xu L, Wang M, Zhou W, Li S, Tan W, Wang Q, Xing W, Liu D. Acclimation of sugar beet in morphological, physiological and BvAMT1.2 expression under low and high nitrogen supply. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278327. [PMID: 36445927 PMCID: PMC9707788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the response and tolerance mechanisms of nitrogen (N) stress is essential for the taproot plant of sugar beet. Hence, in this study, low (0.5 and 3 mmol/L; N0.5 and N3), moderate (5 mmol/L; N5; control) and high (10 and 12 mmol/L; N10 and N12) N were imposed to sugar beet to comparatively investigate the growth and physiological changes, and expression pattern of the gene involving ammonia transporting at different seedling stages. The results showed that, different from N5 which could induce maximum biomass of beet seedlings, low N was more likely to inhibit the growth of beet seedlings than high N treatments. Morphological differences and adverse factors increased significantly with extension of stress time, but sugar beet seedlings displayed a variety of physical responses to different N concentrations to adapt to N abnormal. At 14 d, the chlorophyll content, leaf and root surface area, total dry weight and nitrogen content of seedlings treated with N0.5 decreased 15.83%, 53.65%, 73.94%, 78.08% and 24.88% respectively, compared with N12; however, the root shoot ratio increased significantly as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content, especially in root. The expression of BvAMT1.2 was also regulated in an N concentration-dependent manner, and was mainly involved in the tolerance of beet leaves to N stress, which significantly positively correlated to GS activity on the basis of its high affinity to N. It can be deduced that the stored nutrients under low N could only maintain relatively stable root growth, and faced difficulty in being transported to the shoots. Sugar beet was relatively resilient to N0.5 stress according to the mean affiliation function analysis. These results provide a theoretical basis for the extensive cultivation of sugar beet in N-stressed soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wangsheng Li
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lingqing Xu
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Man Wang
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wanting Zhou
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Li
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Tan
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wang Xing
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WX); (DL)
| | - Dali Liu
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WX); (DL)
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Kong L, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Li H, Wang Z, Si J, Fan S, Feng B. Does energy cost constitute the primary cause of ammonium toxicity in plants? PLANTA 2022; 256:62. [PMID: 35994155 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) are the main nitrogen (N) sources and key determinants for plant growth and development. In recent decades, NH4+, which is a double-sided N compound, has attracted considerable amounts of attention from researchers. Elucidating the mechanisms of NH4+ toxicity and exploring the means to overcome this toxicity are necessary to improve agricultural sustainability. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge concerning the energy consumption and production underlying NH4+ metabolism and toxicity in plants, such as N uptake; assimilation; cellular pH homeostasis; and functions of the plasma membrane (PM), vacuolar H+-ATPase and H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase). We also discuss whether the overconsumption of energy is the primary cause of NH4+ toxicity or constitutes a fundamental strategy for plants to adapt to high-NH4+ stress. In addition, the effects of regulators on energy production and consumption and other physiological processes are listed for evaluating the possibility of high energy costs associated with NH4+ toxicity. This review is helpful for exploring the tolerance mechanisms and for developing NH4+-tolerant varieties as well as agronomic techniques to alleviate the effects of NH4+ stress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingan Kong
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yunxiu Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zongshuai Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jisheng Si
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shoujin Fan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Bo Feng
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Characteristics of NH4+ and NO3− Fluxes in Taxodium Roots under Different Nitrogen Treatments. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070894. [PMID: 35406875 PMCID: PMC9003431 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To understand the characteristics of net NH4+ and NO3− fluxes and their relation with net H+ fluxes in Taxodium, net fluxes of NH4+, NO3− and H+ were detected by a scanning ion-selective electrode technique under different forms of fixed nitrogen (N) and experimental conditions. The results showed that higher net NH4+ and NO3− fluxes occurred at 2.1–3.0 mm from the root apex in T.ascendens and T. distichum. Compared to NH4+ or NO3− alone, more stable net NH4+ and NO3− fluxes were found under NH4NO3 supply conditions, of which net NH4+ flux was promoted at least 1.71 times by NO3−, whereas net NO3− flux was reduced more than 81.66% by NH4+ in all plants, which indicated that NH4+ is preferred by Taxodium plants. T. ascendens and T. mucronatum had the largest net NH4+ and total N influxes when NH4+:NO3− was 3:1. 15N Atom% and activities of N assimilation enzymes were improved by single N fertilization in the roots of T. distichum. In most cases, net H+ fluxes were tightly correlated with net NH4+ and NO3− fluxes. Thus, both N forms and proportions could affect N uptake of Taxodium. These findings could provide useful guidance for N management for better productivity of Taxodium plants.
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Chen Z, Cao X, Niu J. Effects of Melatonin on Morphological Characteristics, Mineral Nutrition, Nitrogen Metabolism, and Energy Status in Alfalfa Under High-Nitrate Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:694179. [PMID: 34267772 PMCID: PMC8276172 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.694179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indoleamine small molecular substance that has been shown to play an important role in the growth, development, and stress response of plants. The effects of melatonin on the morphological characteristics, mineral nutrition, nitrogen metabolism, and energy status in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under high-nitrate stress were studied. The alfalfa plants were treated with water (CK), 200 mmol L-1 nitrates (HN), or 200 mmol L-1 nitrates + 0.1 mmol L-1 melatonin (HN+MT), and then were sampled for measurements on days 0 and 10, respectively. The results showed that the HN treatment resulted in a decrease in the morphological characteristics (such as shoot height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and biomass), phosphorus, soluble protein (SP), nitrogen-related enzymes activities and gene relative expression, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and energy charge (EC). It also caused an increase in nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, nitrate-nitrogen ( NO 3 - -N), ammonium-nitrogen ( NH 4 + -N), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). However, these parameters were conversely changed in the HN+MT treatment. Besides, these parameters were closely related to each other, and were divided into two principal components. It reveals that melatonin plays an important role in modulating the morphology, mineral nutrition, nitrogen metabolism and energy status, thereby alleviating the adverse effects of high-nitrate stress and improving the growth of alfalfa.
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Zhu Y, Qi B, Hao Y, Liu H, Sun G, Chen R, Song S. Appropriate NH 4 +/NO 3 - Ratio Triggers Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Flowering Chinese Cabbage by Optimizing the pH Value of Nutrient Solution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:656144. [PMID: 33995453 PMCID: PMC8121088 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.656144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Compared with sole nitrogen (N), the nutrition mixture of ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrate (NO3 -) is known to better improve crop yield and quality. However, the mechanism underlying this improvement remains unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the changes in nutrient solution composition, content of different N forms in plant tissues and exudates, and expression of plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase genes (HAs) under different NH4 +/NO3 - ratios (0/100, 10/90, 25/75, 50/50 as control, T1, T2, and T3) in flowering Chinese cabbage. We observed that compared with the control, T1 and T2 increased the economical yield of flowering Chinese cabbage by 1.26- and 1.54-fold, respectively, whereas T3 significantly reduced plant yield. Compared with the control, T1-T3 significantly reduced the NO3 - content and increased the NH4 +, amino acid, and soluble protein contents of flowering Chinese cabbage to varying extents. T2 significantly increased the N use efficiency (NUE), whereas T3 significantly decreased it to only being 70.25% of that of the control. Owing to the difference in N absorption and utilization among seedlings, the pH value of the nutrient solution differed under different NH4 +/NO3 - ratios. At harvest, the pH value of T2 was 5.8; in the control and T1, it was approximately 8.0, and in T3 it was only 3.6. We speculated that appropriate NH4 +/NO3 - ratios may improve N absorption and assimilation and thus promote the growth of flowering Chinese cabbage, owing to the suitable pH value. On the contrary, addition of excessive NH4 + may induce rhizosphere acidification and ammonia toxicity, causing plant growth inhibition. We further analyzed the transcription of PM H+-ATPase genes (HAs). HA1 and HA7 transcription in roots was significantly down-regulated by the addition of the mixture of NH4 + and NO3 -, whereas the transcription of HA2, HA9 in roots and HA7, HA8, and HA10 in leaves was sharply up-regulated by the addition of the mixture; the transcription of HA3 was mainly enhanced by the highest ratio of NH4 +/NO3 -. Our results provide valuable information about the effects of treatments with different NH4 +/NO3 - ratios on plant growth and N uptake and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Zhu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Baifu Qi
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Hao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Houcheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangwen Sun
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riyuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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