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Kim M, Kim J, Lee S, Khanh N, Li Z, Polle JEW, Jin E. Deciphering the β-carotene hyperaccumulation in Dunaliella by the comprehensive analysis of Dunaliella salina and Dunaliella tertiolecta under high light conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:213-229. [PMID: 37727131 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The green microalga Dunaliella salina hyperaccumulates β-carotene in the chloroplast, which turns its cells orange. This does not occur in the sister species Dunaliella tertiolecta. However, the molecular mechanisms of β-carotene hyperaccumulation were still unclear. Here, we discovered the reasons for β-carotene hyperaccumulation by comparing the morphology, physiology, genome, and transcriptome between the carotenogenic D. salina and the noncarotenogenic D. tertiolecta after transfer to high light. The differences in photosynthetic capacity, cell growth, and the concentration of stored carbon suggest that these species regulate the supply and utilization of carbon differently. The number of β-carotene-containing plastid lipid globules increased in both species, but much faster and to a greater extent in D. salina than in D. tertiolecta. Consistent with the accumulation of plastid lipid globules, the expression of the methyl-erythritol-phosphate and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways increased only in D. salina, which explains the de novo synthesis of β-carotene. In D. salina, the concomitantly upregulated expression of the carotene globule proteins suggests that hyperaccumulation of β-carotene also requires a simultaneous increase in its sink capacity. Based on genomic analysis, we propose that D. salina has genetic advantages for routing carbon from growth to carotenoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongrae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmuk Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Khanh
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhun Li
- Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Juergen E W Polle
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Farvardin A, Llorens E, Liu-Xu L, Sánchez-Giménez L, Wong A, Biosca EG, Pedra JM, Falomir E, Camañes G, Scalschi L, Vicedo B. Solanum lycopersicum heme-binding protein 2 as a potent antimicrobial weapon against plant pathogens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20336. [PMID: 37990046 PMCID: PMC10663603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria caused by the excessive use of antibiotics has led to the urgent exploration of alternative antimicrobial solutions. Among these alternatives, antimicrobial proteins, and peptides (Apps) have garnered attention due to their wide-ranging antimicrobial effects. This study focuses on evaluating the antimicrobial properties of Solanum lycopersicum heme-binding protein 2 (SlHBP2), an apoplastic protein extracted from tomato plants treated with 1-Methyl tryptophan (1-MT), against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). Computational studies indicate that SlHBP2 is annotated as a SOUL heme-binding family protein. Remarkably, recombinant SlHBP2 demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting the growth of Pst within a concentration range of 3-25 μg/mL. Moreover, SlHBP2 exhibited potent antimicrobial effects against other microorganisms, including Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Xv), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), and Botrytis cinerea. To understand the mechanism of action employed by SlHBP2 against Pst, various techniques such as microscopy and fluorescence assays were employed. The results revealed that SlHBP2 disrupts the bacterial cell wall and causes leakage of intracellular contents. To summarize, the findings suggest that SlHBP2 has significant antimicrobial properties, making it a potential antimicrobial agent against a wide range of pathogens. Although further studies are warranted to explore the full potential of SlHBP2 and its suitability in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Farvardin
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Eugenio Llorens
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Luisa Liu-Xu
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Lorena Sánchez-Giménez
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Aloysius Wong
- College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang, China
| | - Elena G Biosca
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, Universitat de Valencia, E-46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Pedra
- Central Service of Scientific Instrumentation, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Eva Falomir
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Gemma Camañes
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Loredana Scalschi
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Begonya Vicedo
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Hibbert LE, Qian Y, Smith HK, Milner S, Katz E, Kliebenstein DJ, Taylor G. Making watercress ( Nasturtium officinale) cropping sustainable: genomic insights into enhanced phosphorus use efficiency in an aquatic crop. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1279823. [PMID: 38023842 PMCID: PMC10662076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1279823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is a nutrient-dense salad crop with high antioxidant capacity and glucosinolate concentration and with the potential to contribute to nutrient security as a locally grown outdoor aquatic crop in northern temperate climates. However, phosphate-based fertilizers used to support plant growth contribute to the eutrophication of aquatic habitats, often pristine chalk streams, downstream of farms, increasing pressure to minimize fertilizer use and develop a more phosphorus-use efficient (PUE) crop. Here, we grew genetically distinct watercress lines selected from a bi-parental mapping population on a commercial watercress farm either without additional phosphorus (P-) or under a commercial phosphate-based fertilizer regime (P+), to decipher effects on morphology, nutritional profile, and the transcriptome. Watercress plants sustained shoot yield in P- conditions, through enhanced root biomass, but with shorter stems and smaller leaves. Glucosinolate concentration was not affected by P- conditions, but both antioxidant capacity and the concentration of sugars and starch in shoot tissue were enhanced. We identified two watercress breeding lines, with contrasting strategies for enhanced PUE: line 60, with highly plastic root systems and increased root growth in P-, and line 102, maintaining high yield irrespective of P supply, but less plastic. RNA-seq analysis revealed a suite of genes involved in cell membrane remodeling, root development, suberization, and phosphate transport as potential future breeding targets for enhanced PUE. We identified watercress gene targets for enhanced PUE for future biotechnological and breeding approaches enabling less fertilizer inputs and reduced environmental damage from watercress cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Hibbert
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Yufei Qian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Ella Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Gail Taylor
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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4
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Marcotrigiano AR, Carluccio AV, Unachukwu N, Adeoti SR, Abdulsalam T, Gedil M, Menkir A, Gisel A, Stavolone L. Hydroxamic acids: New players in the multifactorial mechanisms of maize resistance to Striga hermonthica. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108134. [PMID: 37883916 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Striga hermonthica is the most widespread and destructive plant parasite infesting maize and other major crops in sub-Saharan Africa where it causes severe yield losses and threatens food security. Several tolerant maize lines supporting reduced S. hermonthica emergence have been deployed. However, the molecular bases of such resistance are yet poorly understood. Based on a time course comparative gene expression analysis between susceptible and resistant maize lines we have confirmed resistance mechanisms known to be activated upon plant parasite infestation and identified potential novel players worth further investigation e.g. iron homeostasis and mitochondrial respiration-related genes. Most intriguingly, we show a previously unknown strategy of maize post-attachment resistance based on DIMBOA accumulation in S. hermonthica-infested maize roots. S. hermonthica infestation triggers positive regulation of gene expression in the hydroxamic acid (HA) pathway culminating with an accumulation of benzoxazinoids (BX), known for their antifeedant, insecticidal, antimicrobial, and allelopathic activities. We demonstrate that HA root content is positively correlated with S. hermonthica resistance in the resistant parent and its progenies and in unrelated maize lines. Downregulation of HA genes causes increased susceptibility to S. hermonthica infestation in loss-of-function maize mutants. While the mechanism of BX action in parasitic plant resistance is yet to be uncovered, the potential of this discovery for developing effective control and breeding strategies is enormous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Raffaele Marcotrigiano
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Carluccio
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Nnanna Unachukwu
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Toyin Abdulsalam
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Melaku Gedil
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abebe Menkir
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Andreas Gisel
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute for Biomedical Technologies, CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Livia Stavolone
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Bari, Italy.
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5
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Singh B, Singh S, Mahato AK, Dikshit HK, Tripathi K, Bhatia S. Delineation of novel genomic loci and putative candidate genes associated with seed iron and zinc content in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111787. [PMID: 37419329 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecular breeding approaches for development of lentil genotypes biofortified with essential micro-nutrients such as iron and zinc, could serve as a promising solution to address the problem of global malnutrition. Thus, genome-wide association study (GWAS) strategy was adopted in this study to identify the genomic regions associated with seed iron and zinc content in lentil. A panel of 95 diverse lentil genotypes, grown across three different geographical locations and evaluated for seed iron and zinc content, exhibited a wide range of variation. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis of the panel identified 33,745 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were distributed across all the 7 lentil chromosomes. Association mapping revealed 23 SNPs associated with seed iron content that were distributed across all the chromosomes except chromosome 3. Similarly, 14 SNPs associated with seed zinc content were also identified that were distributed across chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6. Further, 80 genes were identified in the proximity of iron associated markers and 36 genes were identified in the proximity of zinc associated markers. Functional annotation of these genes revealed their putative involvement in iron and zinc metabolism. For seed iron content, two highly significant SNPs were found to be located within two putative candidate genes namely iron-sulfur cluster assembly (ISCA) and flavin binding monooxygenase (FMO) respectively. For zinc content, a highly significant SNP was detected in a gene encoding UPF0678 fatty acid-binding protein. Expression analysis of these genes and their putative interacting partners suggests their involvement in iron and zinc metabolism in lentil. Overall, in this study we have identified markers, putative candidate genes and predicted putative interacting protein partners significantly associated with iron and zinc metabolism that could be utilized in future breeding studies of lentil for nutrient biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mahato
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Harsh Kumar Dikshit
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabhyata Bhatia
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India.
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6
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da Fonseca-Pereira P, Monteiro-Batista RDC, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. Harnessing enzyme cofactors and plant metabolism: an essential partnership. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1014-1036. [PMID: 36861364 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cofactors are fundamental to the catalytic activity of enzymes. Additionally, because plants are a critical source of several cofactors (i.e., including their vitamin precursors) within the context of human nutrition, there have been several studies aiming to understand the metabolism of coenzymes and vitamins in plants in detail. For example, compelling evidence has been brought forth regarding the role of cofactors in plants; specifically, it is becoming increasingly clear that an adequate supply of cofactors in plants directly affects their development, metabolism, and stress responses. Here, we review the state-of-the-art knowledge on the significance of coenzymes and their precursors with regard to general plant physiology and discuss the emerging functions attributed to them. Furthermore, we discuss how our understanding of the complex relationship between cofactors and plant metabolism can be used for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Monteiro-Batista
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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7
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Yang Z, Yuan L, Zhu H, Jiang J, Yang H, Li L. Small RNA profiling reveals the involvement of microRNA-mediated gene regulation in response to symbiosis in raspberry. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1082494. [PMID: 36620006 PMCID: PMC9810812 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1082494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) can form reciprocal symbioses with most terrestrial plants, providing them with mineral nutrients in exchange for photosynthetic products. Although the mechanism of plant-DSEs is well understood at the transcriptional level, little is known about their post-transcriptional regulation, and microRNAs (miRNAs) for the symbiotic process of DSE infestation of raspberry have not been identified. In this study, we comprehensively identified the miRNAs of DSE-infested raspberry symbiosis using Illumina sequencing. A total of 361 known miRNAs and 95 novel miRNAs were identified in the roots. Similar to other dicotyledons, most of the identified raspberry miRNAs were 21 nt in length. Thirty-seven miRNAs were differentially expressed during colonization after inoculation with Phialocephala fortinii F5, suggesting a possible role for these miRNAs in the symbiotic process. Notably, two miRNAs (miR171h and miR396) previously reported to be responsive to symbiotic processes in alfalfa also had altered expression during raspberry symbiosis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses suggests that miRNAs are mainly involved in regulatory mechanisms, such as biological processes, cellular metabolic processes, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant-pathogen interactions, and phytohormone signaling pathways. This study revealed the potential conservation of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation in symbiotic processes among plants and provides some novel miRNAs for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of DSE-raspberry symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China,College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lianmei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China,College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China,College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China,College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China,College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Hongyi Yang,
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Forestry Science of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China,Lili Li,
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8
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Zita W, Bressoud S, Glauser G, Kessler F, Shanmugabalaji V. Chromoplast plastoglobules recruit the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and contribute to carotenoid accumulation during tomato fruit maturation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277774. [PMID: 36472971 PMCID: PMC9725166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit maturation is associated with a developmental transition from chloroplasts (in mature green fruit) to chromoplasts (in red fruit). The hallmark red color of ripe tomatoes is due to carotenogenesis and accumulation of the red carotenoid lycopene inside chromoplasts. Plastoglobules (PG) are lipid droplets in plastids that are involved in diverse lipid metabolic pathways. In tomato, information on the possible role of PG in carotogenesis and the PG proteome is largely lacking. Here, we outline the role of PG in carotenogenesis giving particular attention to tomato fruit PG proteomes and metabolomes. The proteome analysis revealed the presence of PG-typical FBNs, ABC1K-like kinases, and metabolic enzymes, and those were decreased in the PG of tomato chromoplasts compared to chloroplasts. Notably, the complete β-carotene biosynthesis pathway was recruited to chromoplast PG, and the enzymes PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1 (PSY-1), PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS), ZETA-CAROTENE DESATURASE (ZDS), and CAROTENOID ISOMERASE (CRTISO) were enriched up to twelvefold compared to chloroplast PG. We profiled the carotenoid and prenyl lipid changes in PG during the chloroplast to chromoplast transition and demonstrated large increases of lycopene and β-carotene in chromoplast PG. The PG proteome and metabolome are subject to extensive remodeling resulting in high accumulation of lycopene during the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition. Overall, the results indicate that PGs contribute to carotenoid accumulation during tomato fruit maturation and suggest that they do so by functioning as a biosynthetic platform for carotenogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Zita
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ségolène Bressoud
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaetan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Kessler
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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9
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Kim I, Kim HU. The mysterious role of fibrillin in plastid metabolism: current advances in understanding. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2751-2764. [PMID: 35560204 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillins (FBNs) are a family of genes in cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The proteins they encode possess a lipid-binding motif, exist in various types of plastids, and are associated with lipid bodies called plastoglobules, implicating them in lipid metabolism. FBNs present in the thylakoid and stroma are involved in the storage, transport, and synthesis of lipid molecules for photoprotective functions against high-light stress. In this review, the diversity of subplastid locations in the evolution of FBNs, regulation of FBNs expression by various stresses, and the role of FBNs in plastid lipid metabolism are comprehensively summarized and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Ojeda-Martinez D, Martinez M, Diaz I, Estrella Santamaria M. Spider mite egg extract modifies Arabidopsis response to future infestations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17692. [PMID: 34489518 PMCID: PMC8421376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional plant responses are an important aspect of herbivore oviposition studies. However, most of our current knowledge is derived from studies using Lepidopteran models, where egg-laying and feeding are separate events in time. Little is known regarding plant response to pests where females feed and oviposit simultaneously. The present study characterized oviposition-induced transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis to Tetranychus urticae egg extracts. Transcriptional evidence indicates that early events in plant response to the egg extract involve responses typical to biotic stresses, which include the alteration in the levels of Ca2+ and ROS, the modification of pathways regulated by the phytohormones jasmonic acid and ethylene, and the production of volatiles and glucosinolates as defence mechanisms. These molecular changes affect female fertility, which was significantly reduced when mites fed on plants pre-exposed to the egg extract. However, longer periods of plant exposure to egg extract cause changes in the transcriptional response of the plant reveal a trend to a decrease in the activation of the defensive response. This alteration correlated with a shift at 72 h of exposition in the effect of the mite feeding. At that point, plants become more susceptible and suffer higher damage when challenged by the mite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dairon Ojeda-Martinez
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5690.a0000 0001 2151 2978Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5690.a0000 0001 2151 2978Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Estrella Santamaria
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Polko JK, Potter KC, Burr CA, Schaller GE, Kieber JJ. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies of cytokinin-treated rice roots defines a core set of cytokinin response genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1387-1402. [PMID: 34165836 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins regulate diverse aspects of plant growth and development, primarily through modulation of gene expression. The cytokinin-responsive transcriptome has been thoroughly described in dicots, especially Arabidopsis, but much less so in monocots. Here, we present a meta-analysis of five different transcriptomic analyses of rice (Oryza sativa) roots treated with cytokinin, including three previously unpublished experiments. We developed a treatment method in which hormone is added to the media of rice seedlings grown in sterile hydroponic culture under a continuous airflow, which resulted in minimal perturbation of the seedlings, thus greatly reducing changes in gene expression in the absence of exogenous hormone. We defined a core set of 205 upregulated and 86 downregulated genes that were differentially expressed in at least three of the transcriptomic datasets. This core set includes genes encoding the type-A response regulators (RRs) and cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenases, which have been shown to be primary cytokinin response genes. GO analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were enriched for terms related to cytokinin/hormone signaling and metabolism, while the downregulated genes were significantly enriched for genes encoding transporters. Variations of type-B RR binding motifs were significantly enriched in the promoters of the upregulated genes, as were binding sites for other potential partner transcription factors. The promoters of the downregulated genes were generally enriched for distinct cis-acting motifs and did not include the type-B RR binding motif. This analysis provides insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying cytokinin action in a monocot and provides a useful foundation for future studies of this hormone in rice and other cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Polko
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kevin C Potter
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Christian A Burr
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - G Eric Schaller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Joseph J Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Domínguez F, Cejudo FJ. Chloroplast dismantling in leaf senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5905-5918. [PMID: 33959761 PMCID: PMC8760853 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic plant cells, chloroplasts act as factories of metabolic intermediates that support plant growth. Chloroplast performance is highly influenced by environmental cues. Thus, these organelles have the additional function of sensing ever changing environmental conditions, thereby playing a key role in harmonizing the growth and development of different organs and in plant acclimation to the environment. Moreover, chloroplasts constitute an excellent source of metabolic intermediates that are remobilized to sink tissues during senescence so that chloroplast dismantling is a tightly regulated process that plays a key role in plant development. Stressful environmental conditions enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by chloroplasts, which may lead to oxidative stress causing damage to the organelle. These environmental conditions trigger mechanisms that allow the rapid dismantling of damaged chloroplasts, which is crucial to avoid deleterious effects of toxic by-products of the degradative process. In this review, we discuss the effect of redox homeostasis and ROS generation in the process of chloroplast dismantling. Furthermore, we summarize the structural and biochemical events, both intra- and extraplastid, that characterize the process of chloroplast dismantling in senescence and in response to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Domínguez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
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Michel EJS, Ponnala L, van Wijk KJ. Tissue-type specific accumulation of the plastoglobular proteome, transcriptional networks, and plastoglobular functions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4663-4679. [PMID: 33884419 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plastoglobules are dynamic protein-lipid microcompartments in plastids enriched for isoprenoid-derived metabolites. Chloroplast plastoglobules support formation, remodeling, and controlled dismantling of thylakoids during developmental transitions and environmental responses. However, the specific molecular functions of most plastoglobule proteins are still poorly understood. This review harnesses recent co-mRNA expression data from combined microarray and RNA-seq information in ATTED-II on an updated inventory of 34 PG proteins, as well as proteomics data across 30 Arabidopsis tissue types from ATHENA. Hierarchical clustering based on relative abundance for the plastoglobule proteins across non-photosynthetic and photosynthetic tissue types showed their coordinated protein accumulation across Arabidopsis parts, tissue types, development, and senescence. Evaluation of mRNA-based forced networks at different coefficient thresholds identified a central hub with seven plastoglobule proteins and four peripheral modules. Enrichment of specific nuclear transcription factors (e.g. Golden2-like) and support for crosstalk between plastoglobules and the plastid gene expression was observed, and specific ABC1 kinases appear part of a light signaling network. Examples of other specific findings are that FBN7b is involved with upstream steps of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and that ABC1K9 is involved in starch metabolism. This review provides new insights into the functions of plastoglobule proteins and an improved framework for experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena J S Michel
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences (SIPS), Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Klaas J van Wijk
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences (SIPS), Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Jorrin Novo JV. Proteomics and plant biology: contributions to date and a look towards the next decade. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:93-103. [PMID: 33770454 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1910028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review presents the view of the author, that is opinionable and even speculative, on the field of proteomics, its application to plant biology knowledge, and translation to biotechnology. Written in a more academic than scientific style, it is based on past original and review articles by the author´s group, and those published by leading scientists in the last two years. AREAS COVERED Starting with a general definition and references to historical milestones, it covers sections devoted to the different platforms employed, the plant biology discourse in the protein language, challenges and future prospects, ending with the author opinion. EXPERT OPINION In 25 years, five proteomics platform generations have appeared. We are now moving from proteomics to Systems Biology. While feasible with model organisms, proteomics of orphan species remains challenging. Proteomics, even in its simplest approach, sheds light on plant biological processes, central dogma, and molecular bases of phenotypes of interest, and it can be translated to areas such as food traceability and allergen detection. Proteomics should be validated and optimized to each experimental system, objectives, and hypothesis. It has limitations, artifacts, and biases. We should not blindly accept proteomics data and just create a list of proteins, networks, and avoid speculative biological interpretations. From the hundred to thousand proteins identified and quantified, it is important to obtain a focus and validate some of them, otherwise it is merely. We are starting to have the protein pieces, so let, from now, build the proteomics and biological puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Jorrin Novo
- Dpt. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, Cordoba , Spain
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Understanding Rice- Magnaporthe Oryzae Interaction in Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Rice under Panicle Blast Infection Using a Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020301. [PMID: 33672641 PMCID: PMC7924189 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice blast is a global threat to food security with up to 50% yield losses. Panicle blast is a more severe form of rice blast and the response of rice plant to leaf and panicle blast is distinct in different genotypes. To understand the specific response of rice in panicle blast, transcriptome analysis of blast resistant cultivar Tetep, and susceptible cultivar HP2216 was carried out using RNA-Seq approach after 48, 72 and 96 h of infection with Magnaporthe oryzae along with mock inoculation. Transcriptome data analysis of infected panicle tissues revealed that 3553 genes differentially expressed in HP2216 and 2491 genes in Tetep, which must be the responsible factor behind the differential disease response. The defense responsive genes are involved mainly in defense pathways namely, hormonal regulation, synthesis of reactive oxygen species, secondary metabolites and cell wall modification. The common differentially expressed genes in both the cultivars were defense responsive transcription factors, NBS-LRR genes, kinases, pathogenesis related genes and peroxidases. In Tetep, cell wall strengthening pathway represented by PMR5, dirigent, tubulin, cell wall proteins, chitinases, and proteases was found to be specifically enriched. Additionally, many novel genes having DOMON, VWF, and PCaP1 domains which are specific to cell membrane were highly expressed only in Tetep post infection, suggesting their role in panicle blast resistance. Thus, our study shows that panicle blast resistance is a complex phenomenon contributed by early defense response through ROS production and detoxification, MAPK and LRR signaling, accumulation of antimicrobial compounds and secondary metabolites, and cell wall strengthening to prevent the entry and spread of the fungi. The present investigation provided valuable candidate genes that can unravel the mechanisms of panicle blast resistance and help in the rice blast breeding program.
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