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Chen G, Qin Y, Wang J, Li S, Zeng F, Deng F, Chater C, Xu S, Chen ZH. Stomatal evolution and plant adaptation to future climate. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38757448 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Global climate change is affecting plant photosynthesis and transpiration processes, as well as increasing weather extremes impacting socio-political and environmental events and decisions for decades to come. One major research challenge in plant biology and ecology is the interaction of photosynthesis with the environment. Stomata control plant gas exchange and their evolution was a crucial innovation that facilitated the earliest land plants to colonize terrestrial environments. Stomata couple homoiohydry, together with cuticles, intercellular gas space, with the endohydric water-conducting system, enabling plants to adapt and diversify across the planet. Plants control stomatal movement in response to environmental change through regulating guard cell turgor mediated by membrane transporters and signaling transduction. However, the origin, evolution, and active control of stomata remain controversial topics. We first review stomatal evolution and diversity, providing fossil and phylogenetic evidence of their origins. We summarize functional evolution of guard cell membrane transporters in the context of climate changes and environmental stresses. Our analyses show that the core signaling elements of stomatal movement are more ancient than stomata, while genes involved in stomatal development co-evolved de novo with the earliest stomata. These results suggest that novel stomatal development-specific genes were acquired during plant evolution, whereas genes regulating stomatal movement, especially cell signaling pathways, were inherited ancestrally and co-opted by dynamic functional differentiation. These two processes reflect the different adaptation strategies during land plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Deng
- College of Agriculture, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Caspar Chater
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
- Plants, Photosynthesis, and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Shengchun Xu
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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2
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Renzaglia K, Duran E, Sagwan-Barkdoll L, Henry J. Callose in leptoid cell walls of the moss Polytrichum and the evolution of callose synthase across bryophytes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1357324. [PMID: 38384754 PMCID: PMC10879339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1357324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Leptoids, the food-conducting cells of polytrichaceous mosses, share key structural features with sieve elements in tracheophytes, including an elongated shape with oblique end walls containing modified plasmodesmata or pores. In tracheophytes, callose is instrumental in developing the pores in sieve elements that enable efficient photoassimilate transport. Aside from a few studies using aniline blue fluorescence that yielded confusing results, little is known about callose in moss leptoids. Methods Callose location and abundance during the development of leptoid cell walls was investigated in the moss Polytrichum commune using aniline blue fluorescence and quantitative immunogold labeling (label density) in the transmission electron microscope. To evaluate changes during abiotic stress, callose abundance in leptoids of hydrated plants was compared to plants dried for 14 days under field conditions. A bioinformatic study to assess the evolution of callose within and across bryophytes was conducted using callose synthase (CalS) genes from 46 bryophytes (24 mosses, 15 liverworts, and 7 hornworts) and one representative each of five tracheophyte groups. Results Callose abundance increases around plasmodesmata from meristematic cells to end walls in mature leptoids. Controlled drying resulted in a significant increase in label density around plasmodesmata and pores over counts in hydrated plants. Phylogenetic analysis of the CalS protein family recovered main clades (A, B, and C). Different from tracheophytes, where the greatest diversity of homologs is found in clade A, the majority of gene duplication in bryophytes is in clade B. Discussion This work identifies callose as a crucial cell wall polymer around plasmodesmata from their inception to functioning in leptoids, and during water stress similar to sieve elements of tracheophytes. Among bryophytes, mosses exhibit the greatest number of multiple duplication events, while only two duplications are revealed in hornwort and none in liverworts. The absence in bryophytes of the CalS 7 gene that is essential for sieve pore development in angiosperms, reveals that a different gene is responsible for synthesizing the callose associated with leptoids in mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Renzaglia
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Department of Plant Biology, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Emily Duran
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Department of Plant Biology, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Laxmi Sagwan-Barkdoll
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Department of Plant Biology, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Jason Henry
- Southeast Missouri University, Department of Biology, Cape Girardeau, MO, United States
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3
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Clark JW. Genome evolution in plants and the origins of innovation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2204-2209. [PMID: 37658677 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant evolution has been characterised by a series of major novelties in their vegetative and reproductive traits that have led to greater complexity. Underpinning this diversification has been the evolution of the genome. When viewed at the scale of the plant kingdom, plant genome evolution has been punctuated by conspicuous instances of gene and whole-genome duplication, horizontal gene transfer and extensive gene loss. The periods of dynamic genome evolution often coincide with the evolution of key traits, demonstrating the coevolution of plant genomes and phenotypes at a macroevolutionary scale. Conventionally, plant complexity and diversity have been considered through the lens of gene duplication and the role of gene loss in plant evolution remains comparatively unexplored. However, in light of reductive evolution across multiple plant lineages, the association between gene loss and plant phenotypic diversity warrants greater attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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4
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Fernandez-Pozo N, Haas FB, Gould SB, Rensing SA. An overview of bioinformatics, genomics, and transcriptomics resources for bryophytes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4291-4305. [PMID: 35148385 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bryophytes are useful models for the study of plant evolution, development, plant-fungal symbiosis, stress responses, and gametogenesis. Additionally, their dominant haploid gametophytic phase makes them great models for functional genomics research, allowing straightforward genome editing and gene knockout via CRISPR or homologous recombination. Until 2016, however, the only bryophyte genome sequence published was that of Physcomitrium patens. Throughout recent years, several other bryophyte genomes and transcriptome datasets became available, enabling better comparative genomics in evolutionary studies. The increase in the number of bryophyte genome and transcriptome resources available has yielded a plethora of annotations, databases, and bioinformatics tools to access the new data, which covers the large diversity of this clade and whose biology comprises features such as association with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, sex chromosomes, low gene redundancy, or loss of RNA editing genes for organellar transcripts. Here we provide a guide to resources available for bryophytes with regards to genome and transcriptome databases and bioinformatics tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Subtropical and Mediterranean Fruit Crops, Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora" (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Fabian B Haas
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven B Gould
- Evolutionary Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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5
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Romani F, Flores JR, Tolopka JI, Suárez G, He X, Moreno JE. Liverwort oil bodies: diversity, biochemistry, and molecular cell biology of the earliest secretory structure of land plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4427-4439. [PMID: 35394035 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Liverworts are known for their large chemical diversity. Much of this diversity is synthesized and enclosed within oil bodies (OBs), a synapomorphy of the lineage. OBs contain the enzymes to biosynthesize and store large quantities of sesquiterpenoids and other compounds while limiting their cytotoxicity. Recent important biochemical and molecular discoveries related to OB formation, diversity, and biochemistry allow comparison with other secretory structures of land plants from an evo-devo perspective. This review addresses and discusses the most recent advances in OB origin, development, and function towards understanding the importance of these organelles in liverwort physiology and adaptation to changing environments. Our mapping of OB types and chemical compounds to the current liverwort phylogeny suggests that OBs were present in the most recent common ancestor of liverworts, supporting that OBs evolved as the first secretory structures in land plants. Yet, we require better sampling to define the macroevolutionary pattern governing the ancestral type of OB. We conclude that current efforts to find molecular mechanisms responsible for the morphological and chemical diversity of secretory structures will help understand the evolution of each major group of land plants, and open new avenues in biochemical research on bioactive compounds in bryophytes and vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Romani
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jorge R Flores
- Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan Ignacio Tolopka
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - CONICET, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Colectora Ruta Nacional No. 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Suárez
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET - Fundación Miguel Lillo), Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
| | - Xiaolan He
- Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Javier E Moreno
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - CONICET, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Colectora Ruta Nacional No. 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
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6
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Clark JW, Harris BJ, Hetherington AJ, Hurtado-Castano N, Brench RA, Casson S, Williams TA, Gray JE, Hetherington AM. The origin and evolution of stomata. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R539-R553. [PMID: 35671732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of stomata is one of the key innovations that led to the colonisation of the terrestrial environment by the earliest land plants. However, our understanding of the origin, evolution and the ancestral function of stomata is incomplete. Phylogenomic analyses indicate that, firstly, stomata are ancient structures, present in the common ancestor of land plants, prior to the divergence of bryophytes and tracheophytes and, secondly, there has been reductive stomatal evolution, especially in the bryophytes (with complete loss in the liverworts). From a review of the evidence, we conclude that the capacity of stomata to open and close in response to signals such as ABA, CO2 and light (hydroactive movement) is an ancestral state, is present in all lineages and likely predates the divergence of the bryophytes and tracheophytes. We reject the hypothesis that hydroactive movement was acquired with the emergence of the gymnosperms. We also conclude that the role of stomata in the earliest land plants was to optimise carbon gain per unit water loss. There remain many other unanswered questions concerning the evolution and especially the origin of stomata. To address these questions, it will be necessary to: find more fossils representing the earliest land plants, revisit the existing early land plant fossil record in the light of novel phylogenomic hypotheses and carry out more functional studies that include both tracheophytes and bryophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Brogan J Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Alexander J Hetherington
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Natalia Hurtado-Castano
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soils, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Robert A Brench
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soils, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stuart Casson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soils, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tom A Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Julie E Gray
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soils, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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7
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Cândido-Sobrinho SA, Lima VF, Freire FBS, de Souza LP, Gago J, Fernie AR, Daloso DM. Metabolism-mediated mechanisms underpin the differential stomatal speediness regulation among ferns and angiosperms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:296-311. [PMID: 34800300 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent results suggest that metabolism-mediated stomatal closure mechanisms are important to regulate differentially the stomatal speediness between ferns and angiosperms. However, evidence directly linking mesophyll metabolism and the slower stomatal conductance (gs ) in ferns is missing. Here, we investigated the effect of exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA), sucrose and mannitol on stomatal kinetics and carried out a metabolic fingerprinting analysis of ferns and angiosperms leaves harvested throughout a diel course. Fern stomata did not respond to ABA in the time period analysed. No differences in the relative decrease in gs was observed between ferns and the angiosperm following provision of sucrose or mannitol. However, ferns have slower gs responses to these compounds than angiosperms. Metabolomics analysis highlights that ferns have a higher accumulation of secondary rather than primary metabolites throughout the diel course, with the opposite being observed in angiosperms. Our results indicate that metabolism-mediated stomatal closure mechanisms underpin the differential stomatal speediness regulation among ferns and angiosperms, in which the slower stomatal closure in ferns is associated with the lack of ABA-responsiveness, to a reduced capacity to respond to mesophyll-derived sucrose and to a higher carbon allocation toward secondary metabolism, which likely modulates both photosynthesis-gs and growth-stress tolerance trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio A Cândido-Sobrinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, LabPlant, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
| | - Valéria F Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, LabPlant, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
| | - Francisco B S Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, LabPlant, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
| | - Leonardo P de Souza
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group On Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Instituto de investigaciones Agroambientales y de la Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, LabPlant, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
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8
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Edwards D, Morris JL, Axe L, Duckett JG, Pressel S, Kenrick P. Piecing together the eophytes - a new group of ancient plants containing cryptospores. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1440-1455. [PMID: 34806774 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The earliest evidence for land plants comes from dispersed cryptospores from the Ordovician, which dominated assemblages for 60 million years. Direct evidence of their parent plants comes from minute fossils in Welsh Borderland Upper Silurian to Lower Devonian rocks. We recognize a group that had forking, striated axes with rare stomata terminating in valvate sporangia containing permanent cryptospores, but their anatomy was unknown especially regarding conducting tissues. Charcoalified fossils extracted from the rock using HF were selected from macerates and observed using scanning electron microscopy. Promising examples were split for further examination and compared with electron micrographs of the anatomy of extant bryophytes. Fertile fossil axes possess central elongate cells with thick walls bearing globules, occasional strands and plasmodesmata-sized pores. The anatomy of these cells best matches desiccation-tolerant food-conducting cells (leptoids) of bryophytes. Together with thick-walled epidermal cells and extremely small size, these features suggest that these plants were poikilohydric. Our new data on conducting cells confirms a combination of characters that distinguish the permanent cryptospore-producers from bryophytes and tracheophytes. We therefore propose the erection of a new group, here named the Eophytidae (eophytes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Edwards
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Jennifer L Morris
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Lindsey Axe
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Jeffrey G Duckett
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Silvia Pressel
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Paul Kenrick
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
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9
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Kubásek J, Hájek T, Duckett J, Pressel S, Šantrůček J. Moss stomata do not respond to light and CO 2 concentration but facilitate carbon uptake by sporophytes: a gas exchange, stomatal aperture, and 13 C-labelling study. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1815-1828. [PMID: 33458818 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stomata exert control on fluxes of CO2 and water (H2 O) in the majority of vascular plants and thus are pivotal for planetary fluxes of carbon and H2 O. However, in mosses, the significance and possible function of the sporophytic stomata are not well understood, hindering understanding of the ancestral function and evolution of these key structures of land plants. Infrared gas analysis and 13 CO2 labelling, with supporting data from gravimetry and optical and scanning electron microscopy, were used to measure CO2 assimilation and water exchange on young, green, ± fully expanded capsules of 11 moss species with a range of stomatal numbers, distributions, and aperture sizes. Moss sporophytes are effectively homoiohydric. In line with their open fixed apertures, moss stomata, contrary to those in tracheophytes, do not respond to light and CO2 concentration. Whereas the sporophyte cuticle is highly impermeable to gases, stomata are the predominant sites of 13 CO2 entry and H2 O loss in moss sporophytes, and CO2 assimilation is closely linked to total stomatal surface areas. Higher photosynthetic autonomy of moss sporophytes, consequent on the presence of numerous stomata, may have been the key to our understanding of evolution of large, gametophyte-independent sporophytes at the onset of plant terrestrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kubásek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, České Budějovice, 1760/31, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, České Budějovice, 1760/31, Czech Republic
| | - Jeffrey Duckett
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Silvia Pressel
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Jiří Šantrůček
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, České Budějovice, 1760/31, Czech Republic
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10
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Delaux PM, Schornack S. Plant evolution driven by interactions with symbiotic and pathogenic microbes. Science 2021; 371:371/6531/eaba6605. [PMID: 33602828 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba6605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During 450 million years of diversification on land, plants and microbes have evolved together. This is reflected in today's continuum of associations, ranging from parasitism to mutualism. Through phylogenetics, cell biology, and reverse genetics extending beyond flowering plants into bryophytes, scientists have started to unravel the genetic basis and evolutionary trajectories of plant-microbe associations. Protection against pathogens and support of beneficial, symbiotic, microorganisms are sustained by a blend of conserved and clade-specific plant mechanisms evolving at different speeds. We propose that symbiosis consistently emerges from the co-option of protection mechanisms and general cell biology principles. Exploring and harnessing the diversity of molecular mechanisms used in nonflowering plant-microbe interactions may extend the possibilities for engineering symbiosis-competent and pathogen-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- University of Cambridge, Sainsbury Laboratory, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.
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11
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McAdam SAM, Duckett JG, Sussmilch FC, Pressel S, Renzaglia KS, Hedrich R, Brodribb TJ, Merced A. Stomata: the holey grail of plant evolution. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:366-371. [PMID: 33687736 PMCID: PMC8175006 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Duckett
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Silvia Pressel
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Karen S Renzaglia
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Amelia Merced
- USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, San Juan, PR, 00926, USA
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12
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Frangedakis E, Shimamura M, Villarreal JC, Li FW, Tomaselli M, Waller M, Sakakibara K, Renzaglia KS, Szövényi P. The hornworts: morphology, evolution and development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:735-754. [PMID: 32790880 PMCID: PMC7881058 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Extant land plants consist of two deeply divergent groups, tracheophytes and bryophytes, which shared a common ancestor some 500 million years ago. While information about vascular plants and the two of the three lineages of bryophytes, the mosses and liverworts, is steadily accumulating, the biology of hornworts remains poorly explored. Yet, as the sister group to liverworts and mosses, hornworts are critical in understanding the evolution of key land plant traits. Until recently, there was no hornwort model species amenable to systematic experimental investigation, which hampered detailed insight into the molecular biology and genetics of this unique group of land plants. The emerging hornwort model species, Anthoceros agrestis, is instrumental in our efforts to better understand not only hornwort biology but also fundamental questions of land plant evolution. To this end, here we provide an overview of hornwort biology and current research on the model plant A. agrestis to highlight its potential in answering key questions of land plant biology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaki Shimamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Juan Carlos Villarreal
- Department of Biology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panamá
| | - Fay-Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853-1801, USA
- Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853-1801, USA
| | - Marta Tomaselli
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 EA, UK
| | - Manuel Waller
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Keiko Sakakibara
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Karen S. Renzaglia
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Illinois, 62901, USA
| | - Péter Szövényi
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
- Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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