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Cai Z, Dai Y, Jin X, Xu H, Huang Z, Xie Z, Yu X, Luo J. Ambient temperature regulates root circumnutation in rice through the ethylene pathway: transcriptome analysis reveals key genes involved. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1348295. [PMID: 38525142 PMCID: PMC10957643 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1348295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant roots are constantly prepared to adjust their growth trajectories to avoid unfavorable environments, and their ability to reorient is particularly crucial for survival. Under laboratory conditions, this continuous reorientation of the root tip is manifested as coiling or waving, which we refer to as root circumnutation. However, the effect of ambient temperature (AT) on root circumnutation remains unexplored. In this study, rice seedlings were employed to assess the impact of varying ATs on root circumnutation. The role of ethylene in mediating root circumnutation under elevated AT was examined using the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) and the ethylene perception antagonist silver thiosulfate (STS). Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and real-time quantitative PCR were utilized to analyze gene expressions in rice root tips under four distinct treatments: 25°C, 35°C, 35°C+STS, and 35°C+AOA. As a result, genes associated with ethylene synthesis and signaling (OsACOs and OsERFs), auxin synthesis and transport (OsYUCCA6, OsABCB15, and OsNPFs), cell elongation (OsEXPAs, OsXTHs, OsEGL1, and OsEXORDIUMs), as well as the inhibition of root curling (OsRMC) were identified. Notably, the expression levels of these genes increased with rising temperatures above 25°C. This study is the first to demonstrate that elevated AT can induce root circumnutation in rice via the ethylene pathway and proposes a potential molecular model through the identification of key genes. These findings offer valuable insights into the growth regulation mechanism of plant roots under elevated AT conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Cai
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Yinuo Dai
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Xia Jin
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Zhenyu Xie
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Xudong Yu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Jiajia Luo
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Hainan, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
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2
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Ma D, Fukuda H, Sotta N, Fujiwara T. Arabidopsis thaliana RPL13aC affects root system architecture through shoot potassium accumulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:497-509. [PMID: 37433637 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant root system architecture shows complex patterns adapting to different nutritional conditions. In Arabidopsis thaliana, root slanting is a behaviour that is observed when plants are grown on a solid agar plate vertically. However, the regulatory mechanisms of root slanting in response to nutrient conditions are not fully understood. In this study, we found that mutants of A. thaliana ribosome protein RPL13aC, which is expressed in root tips and leaves, exhibit a decreased root-slanting phenotype. Ionomic analysis revealed that rpl13ac mutants have a reduced K content in shoots but not in roots. Because K+ availability has been suggested to affect root coiling, we hypothesized that the decreased root slanting of rpl13ac mutants is caused by the decrease in K content in their shoots. Decapitating shoots or limiting K supply dramatically decreased root slanting in wild-type (WT) plants. We found that the expression of HIGH-AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER 5 (HAK5) significantly decreased in the roots of rpl13ac mutants. Mutants of hak5 showed decreased shoot K contents and decreased root slanting, supporting that the decreased shoot K+ accumulation results in less root slanting. K+ replenishment to the shoots of rpl13ac, hak5 mutants and K-starved WT plants recovered their root slanting significantly. These results indicate that plants adjust root slanting in response to K+ accumulation in shoots. Further analysis showed that rpl13ac mutants have abnormal thigmotropic responses, which may be responsible for their defects in root slanting. Altogether, these results revealed K+ -dependent mechanisms that affect root system architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dichao Ma
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fukuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sotta
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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3
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Liu G, Rui L, Yang Y, Liu R, Li H, Ye F, You C, Zhang S. Identification and Functional Characterization of MdNRT1.1 in Nitrogen Utilization and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Malus domestica. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119291. [PMID: 37298242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate is one of the main sources of nitrogen for plant growth. Nitrate transporters (NRTs) participate in nitrate uptake and transport, and they are involved in abiotic stress tolerance. Previous studies have shown that NRT1.1 has a dual role in nitrate uptake and utilization; however, little is known about the function of MdNRT1.1 in regulating apple growth and nitrate uptake. In this study, apple MdNRT1.1, a homolog of Arabidopsis NRT1.1, was cloned and functionally identified. Nitrate treatment induced an increased transcript level of MdNRT1.1, and overexpression of MdNRT1.1 promoted root development and nitrogen utilization. Ectopic expression of MdNRT1.1 in Arabidopsis repressed tolerance to drought, salt, and ABA stresses. Overall, this study identified a nitrate transporter, MdNRT1.1, in apples and revealed how MdNRT1.1 regulates nitrate utilization and abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Lin Rui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ranxin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Fan Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chunxiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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Thomas M, Soriano A, O'Connor C, Crabos A, Nacry P, Thompson M, Hrabak E, Divol F, Péret B. pin2 mutant agravitropic root phenotype is conditional and nutrient-sensitive. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 329:111606. [PMID: 36706868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have the capacity to sense and adapt to environmental factors using the phytohormone auxin as a major regulator of tropism and development. Among these responses, gravitropism is essential for plant roots to grow downward in the search for nutrients and water. We discovered a new mutant allele of the auxin efflux transporter PIN2 that revealed that pin2 agravitropic root mutants are conditional and nutrient-sensitive. We describe that nutrient composition of the medium, rather than osmolarity, can revert the agravitropic root phenotype of pin2. Indeed, on phosphorus- and nitrogen-deprived media, the agravitropic root defect was restored independently of primary root growth levels. Slow and fast auxin responses were evaluated using DR5 and R2D2 probes, respectively, and revealed a strong modulation by nutrient composition of the culture medium. We evaluated the role of PIN and AUX auxin transporters and demonstrated that neither PIN3 nor AUX1 are involved in this process. However, we observed the ectopic expression of PIN1 in the epidermis in the pin2 mutant background associated with permissive, but not restrictive, conditions. This ectopic expression was associated with a restoration of the asymmetric accumulation of auxin necessary for the reorientation of the root according to gravity. These observations suggest a strong regulation of auxin distribution by nutrients availability, directly impacting root's ability to drive their gravitropic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Thomas
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Soriano
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire O'Connor
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Crabos
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Nacry
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Fanchon Divol
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Péret
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
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Zhou Z, Zhang L, Shu J, Wang M, Li H, Shu H, Wang X, Sun Q, Zhang S. Root Breeding in the Post-Genomics Era: From Concept to Practice in Apple. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1408. [PMID: 35684181 PMCID: PMC9182997 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of rootstocks with a high-quality dwarf-type root system is a popular research topic in the apple industry. However, the precise breeding of rootstocks is still challenging, mainly because the root system is buried deep underground, roots have a complex life cycle, and research on root architecture has progressed slowly. This paper describes ideas for the precise breeding and domestication of wild apple resources and the application of key genes. The primary goal of this research is to combine the existing rootstock resources with molecular breeding and summarize the methods of precision breeding. Here, we reviewed the existing rootstock germplasm, high-quality genome, and genetic resources available to explain how wild resources might be used in modern breeding. In particular, we proposed the 'from genotype to phenotype' theory and summarized the difficulties in future breeding processes. Lastly, the genetics governing root diversity and associated regulatory mechanisms were elaborated on to optimize the precise breeding of rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (H.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (H.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Jing Shu
- College of Forestry Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (H.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (H.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Huairui Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (H.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (H.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Qinghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (H.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Z.Z.); (L.Z.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (H.S.); (X.W.)
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6
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Yang XY, Zhang ZW, Fu YF, Feng LY, Li MX, Kang Q, Wang CQ, Yuan M, Chen YE, Tao Q, Lan T, Tang XY, Chen GD, Zeng J, Yuan S. Shade Avoidance 3 Mediates Crosstalk Between Shade and Nitrogen in Arabidopsis Leaf Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:800913. [PMID: 35095972 PMCID: PMC8792756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.800913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
After nitrogen treatments, plant leaves become narrower and thicker, and the chlorophyll content increases. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these regulations remain unknown. Here, we found that the changes in leaf width and thickness were largely compromised in the shade avoidance 3 (sav3) mutant. The SAV3 gene encodes an amino-transferase in the auxin biosynthesis pathway. Thus, the crosstalk between shade and nitrogen in Arabidopsis leaf development was investigated. Both hypocotyl elongation and leaf expansion promoted by the shade treatment were reduced by the high-N treatment; high-N-induced leaf narrowing and thickening were reduced by the shade treatment; and all of these developmental changes were largely compromised in the sav3 mutant. Shade treatment promoted SAV3 expression, while high-N treatment repressed SAV3 expression, which then increased or decreased auxin accumulation in cotyledons/leaves, respectively. SAV3 also regulates chlorophyll accumulation and nitrogen assimilation and thus may function as a master switch responsive to multiple environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Yang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Fan Fu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Yang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Qi Kang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang-Quan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yang-Er Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Lan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guang-Deng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Chen Z, Sun J, Li D, Li P, He K, Ali F, Mi G, Chen F, Yuan L, Pan Q. Plasticity of root anatomy during domestication of a maize-teosinte derived population. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:139-153. [PMID: 34487165 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) has undergone profound changes in root anatomy for environmental adaptation during domestication. However, the genetic mechanism of plasticity of maize root anatomy during the domestication process remains unclear. In this study, high-resolution mapping was performed for nine root anatomical traits using a maize-teosinte population (mexicana × Mo17) across three environments. Large genetic variations were detected for different root anatomical traits. The cortex, stele, aerenchyma areas, xylem vessel number, and cortical cell number had large variations across three environments, indicating high plasticity. Sixteen quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, including seven QTL with QTL × environment interaction (EIQTL) for high plasticity traits and nine QTL without QTL × environment interaction (SQTL). Most of the root loci were consistent with shoot QTL depicting domestication signals. Combining transcriptome and genome-wide association studies revealed that AUXIN EFFLUX CARRIER PIN-FORMED LIKE 4 (ZmPILS4) serves as a candidate gene underlying a major QTL of xylem traits. The near-isogenic lines (NILs) with lower expression of ZmPILS4 had 18-24% more auxin concentration in the root tips and 8-15% more xylem vessels. Nucleotide diversity values analysis in the promoter region suggested that ZmPILS4 was involved in maize domestication and adaptation. These results revealed the potential genetic basis of root anatomical plasticity during domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junli Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Kunhui He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Farhan Ali
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak Nowshera, Pakistan
| | - Guohua Mi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fanjun Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingchun Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Xiao Q, Chen Y, Liu C, Robson F, Roy S, Cheng X, Wen J, Mysore K, Miller AJ, Murray JD. MtNPF6.5 mediates chloride uptake and nitrate preference in Medicago roots. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106847. [PMID: 34523752 PMCID: PMC8561640 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The preference for nitrate over chloride through regulation of transporters is a fundamental feature of plant ion homeostasis. We show that Medicago truncatula MtNPF6.5, an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana AtNPF6.3/NRT1.1, can mediate nitrate and chloride uptake in Xenopus oocytes but is chloride selective and that its close homologue, MtNPF6.7, can transport nitrate and chloride but is nitrate selective. The MtNPF6.5 mutant showed greatly reduced chloride content relative to wild type, and MtNPF6.5 expression was repressed by high chloride, indicating a primary role for MtNPF6.5 in root chloride uptake. MtNPF6.5 and MtNPF6.7 were repressed and induced by nitrate, respectively, and these responses required the transcription factor MtNLP1. Moreover, loss of MtNLP1 prevented the rapid switch from chloride to nitrate as the main anion in nitrate-starved plants after nitrate provision, providing insight into the underlying mechanism for nitrate preference. Sequence analysis revealed three sub-types of AtNPF6.3 orthologs based on their predicted substrate-binding residues: A (chloride selective), B (nitrate selective), and C (legume specific). The absence of B-type AtNPF6.3 homologues in early diverged plant lineages suggests that they evolved from a chloride-selective MtNPF6.5-like protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Xiao
- CAS‐JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS)Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS)Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE)Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Chen
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
| | - Cheng‐Wu Liu
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
- Present address:
School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Fran Robson
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
| | - Sonali Roy
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
- Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy D Murray
- CAS‐JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS)Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS)Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE)Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
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9
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Vaseva II, Mishev K, Depaepe T, Vassileva V, Van Der Straeten D. The Diverse Salt-Stress Response of Arabidopsis ctr1-1 and ein2-1Ethylene Signaling Mutants Is Linked to Altered Root Auxin Homeostasis. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030452. [PMID: 33673672 PMCID: PMC7997360 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We explored the interplay between ethylene signals and the auxin pool in roots exposed to high salinity using Arabidopsisthaliana wild-type plants (Col-0), and the ethylene-signaling mutants ctr1-1 (constitutive) and ein2-1 (insensitive). The negative effect of salt stress was less pronounced in ctr1-1 individuals, which was concomitant with augmented auxin signaling both in the ctr1-1 controls and after 100 mM NaCl treatment. The R2D2 auxin sensorallowed mapping this active auxin increase to the root epidermal cells in the late Cell Division (CDZ) and Transition Zone (TZ). In contrast, the ethylene-insensitive ein2-1 plants appeared depleted in active auxins. The involvement of ethylene/auxin crosstalk in the salt stress response was evaluated by introducing auxin reporters for local biosynthesis (pTAR2::GUS) and polar transport (pLAX3::GUS, pAUX1::AUX1-YFP, pPIN1::PIN1-GFP, pPIN2::PIN2-GFP, pPIN3::GUS) in the mutants. The constantly operating ethylene-signaling pathway in ctr1-1 was linked to increased auxin biosynthesis. This was accompanied by a steady expression of the auxin transporters evaluated by qRT-PCR and crosses with the auxin transport reporters. The results imply that the ability of ctr1-1 mutant to tolerate high salinity could be related to the altered ethylene/auxin regulatory loop manifested by a stabilized local auxin biosynthesis and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I. Vaseva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.M.); (V.V.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Kiril Mishev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.M.); (V.V.)
| | - Thomas Depaepe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckststraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.); (D.V.D.S.)
| | - Valya Vassileva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.M.); (V.V.)
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckststraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.); (D.V.D.S.)
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10
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Zhang TT, Kang H, Fu LL, Sun WJ, Gao WS, You CX, Wang XF, Hao YJ. NIN-like protein 7 promotes nitrate-mediated lateral root development by activating transcription of TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED 2. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110771. [PMID: 33487355 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is essential for plant growth and development. When nitrate availability is low, plants produce more lateral roots (LRs) to seek nitrate from the soil. In this study, by DNA electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase assays, it was showed that NIN-like protein 7 (NLP7) transcription factor activated expression of TAR2 by directly binding to its promoter. Finally, through genetic analysis, it was speculated that NLP7 regulated LR development through TAR2. In conclusion, NLP7 binds to the TAR2 promoter and activates TAR2 expression, thereby promoting nitrate-dependent LR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Lu-Lu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wei-Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Gao
- Shandong Fruit and Tea Technology Services, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
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11
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Li E, Wang G, Zhang YL, Kong Z, Li S. FERONIA mediates root nutating growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1105-1116. [PMID: 32891072 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Root nutation indicates the behavior that roots grow in a waving and skewing way due to unequal growth rates on different sides. Although a few developmental and environmental factors have been reported, genetic pathways mediating this process are obscure. We report here that the Arabidopsis CrRLK1L family member FERONIA (FER) is critical for root nutation. Functional loss of FER resulted in enhanced root waviness on tilted plates or roots forming anti-clockwise coils on horizontal plates. Suppressing polar auxin transport, either by pharmacological treatment or by introducing mutations at PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) or AUXIN RESISTANT1 (AUX1), suppressed the asymmetric root growth (ARG) in fer-4, a null mutant of FER, indicating that FER suppression of ARG depends on polar auxin transport. We further showed by pharmacological treatments that dynamic microtubule organization and Ca2+ signaling are both critical for FER-mediated ARG. Results presented here demonstrate a key role of FER in mediating root nutating growth, through PIN2- and AUX1-mediated auxin transport, through dynamic microtubule organization, and through Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Guangda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhaosheng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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12
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Fu YF, Zhang ZW, Yang XY, Wang CQ, Lan T, Tang XY, Chen GD, Zeng J, Yuan S. Nitrate reductase is a key enzyme responsible for nitrogen-regulated auxin accumulation in Arabidopsis roots. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:633-639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Chai S, Nie Y, Li S. Nitrate deficiency induces differential endocytosis in roots through NRT1.1. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1794394. [PMID: 32686596 PMCID: PMC8550534 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1794394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Roots grow asymmetrically, sometimes helically, around their growth direction likely to facilitate environmental sensing. We recently demonstrated that nitrate deficiency induces root coiling on horizontal surface through nitrate transporter/sensor NRT1.1 and PIN2- and AUX-mediated polar auxin transport. Here, we show that nitrate deficiency or NRT1.1 loss-of-function induces differential distribution of PIN2 between the future concave and concave sides in root epidermal cells. Treatment with pharmacological drugs suggests that enhanced endocytosis at the future convex side leads to reduced plasma membrane (PM) association of PIN2. A reduction of PIN2 at the PM would maintain a low auxin response to further enhance endocytosis at the convex side, leading to root coiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongxin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- CONTACT Sha Li, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an271018, China
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14
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Rajagopal D, Mathew MK. Role of Arabidopsis RAB5 GEF vps9a in maintaining potassium levels under sodium chloride stress. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00273. [PMID: 33103044 PMCID: PMC7576885 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major factors impacting crop productivity worldwide. Through a variety of effector and signaling pathways, plants achieve survival under salinity stress by maintaining high cytosolic potassium/sodium ion (K+/Na+) ratios, preventing Na+ cytotoxicity, and retaining osmotic balance. Ras-related protein 5 (Rab5) members are involved in the trafficking of endosomes to the vacuole or plasma membrane (PM). The vacuolar protein sorting- associated protein 9 (vps9a) encodes the single guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that activates all three known Rab5 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous work from our group has reported the critical function of vps9a for the operation of salt-induced endocytic pathway, as well as the expansion of endomembrane compartments under saline stress conditions. Here we show an additional role of vps9a in plant response to salt stress via maintenance of K+ status of the cell rather than Na+ homeostasis. Our results show that roots from vps9a-2 mutant, subjected to 100 mM NaCl, display alterations in transcript levels of genes involved in the K+ homeostasis pathway. Concurrent with the observed sensitivity of vps9a-2 mutant under NaCl stress, exposure to low K+ environments resulted in growth retardation, and reduced rate of endocytosis. Furthermore, vps9a-2 mutant displays reduced expression of auxin reporter, Direct Repeat-5 (DR5), and alterations in polarity and abundance of auxin efflux carrier PIN- FORMED2 (PIN2). Imposition of NaCl stress was found to be restrictive to the elongation capacity of cells in the root elongation zone of vps9a-2 mutant. Together our results indicate that alterations in K+ homeostasis and associated cellular changes causing increased cell wall pH, contribute to diminished root growth and compromised survival of vps9a-2 mutant under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rajagopal
- National Centre for Biological SciencesTIFRBangaloreKarnatakaIndia
| | - M. K. Mathew
- National Centre for Biological SciencesTIFRBangaloreKarnatakaIndia
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