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Zhong H, Li C, Yu W, Zhou HP, Lieber T, Su X, Wang W, Bumann E, Lunny Castro RM, Jiang Y, Gu W, Liu Q, Barco B, Zhang C, Shi L, Que Q. A fast and genotype-independent in planta Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for soybean. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:101063. [PMID: 39138866 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Efficient genotype-independent transformation and genome editing are highly desirable for plant biotechnology research and product development efforts. We have developed a novel approach to enable fast, high-throughput, and genotype-flexible Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using the important crop soybean as a test system. This new method is called GiFT (genotype-independent fast transformation) and involves only a few simple steps. The method uses germinated seeds as explants, and DNA delivery is achieved through Agrobacterium infection of wounded explants as in conventional in vitro-based methods. Following infection, the wounded explants are incubated in liquid medium with a sublethal level of selection and then transplanted directly into soil. The transplanted seedlings are then selected with herbicide spray for 3 weeks. The time required from initiation to fully established healthy T0 transgenic events is about 35 days. The GiFT method requires minimal in vitro manipulation or use of tissue culture media. Because the regeneration occurs in planta, the GiFT method is highly flexible with respect to genotype, which we demonstrate via successful transformation of elite germplasms from diverse genetic backgrounds. We also show that the soybean GiFT method can be applied to both conventional binary vectors and CRISPR-Cas12a vectors for genome editing applications. Analyses of T1 progeny demonstrate that the events have a high inheritance rate and can be used for genome engineering applications. By minimizing the need for tissue culture, the novel approach described here significantly improves operational efficiency while greatly reducing personnel and supply costs. It is the first industry-scale transformation method to utilize in planta selection in a major field crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhong
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Changbao Li
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Wenjin Yu
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Hua-Ping Zhou
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Tara Lieber
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Xiujuan Su
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Wenling Wang
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Eric Bumann
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | - Yaping Jiang
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Wening Gu
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Qingli Liu
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Brenden Barco
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Chengjin Zhang
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Liang Shi
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Qiudeng Que
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC., 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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2
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Valentine M, Butruille D, Achard F, Beach S, Brower-Toland B, Cargill E, Hassebrock M, Rinehart J, Ream T, Chen Y. Simultaneous genetic transformation and genome editing of mixed lines in soybean ( Glycine max) and maize ( Zea mays). ABIOTECH 2024; 5:169-183. [PMID: 38974857 PMCID: PMC11224177 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-024-00173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Robust genome editing technologies are becoming part of the crop breeding toolbox. Currently, genome editing is usually conducted either at a single locus, or multiple loci, in a variety at one time. Massively parallel genomics platforms, multifaceted genome editing capabilities, and flexible transformation systems enable targeted variation at nearly any locus, across the spectrum of genotypes within a species. We demonstrate here the simultaneous transformation and editing of many genotypes, by targeting mixed seed embryo explants with genome editing machinery, followed by re-identification through genotyping after plant regeneration. Transformation and Editing of Mixed Lines (TREDMIL) produced transformed individuals representing 101 of 104 (97%) mixed elite genotypes in soybean; and 22 of 40 (55%) and 9 of 36 (25%) mixed maize female and male elite inbred genotypes, respectively. Characterization of edited genotypes for the regenerated individuals identified over 800 distinct edits at the Determinate1 (Dt1) locus in samples from 101 soybean genotypes and 95 distinct Brown midrib3 (Bm3) edits in samples from 17 maize genotypes. These results illustrate how TREDMIL can help accelerate the development and deployment of customized crop varieties for future precision breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-024-00173-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Valentine
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Parkway W, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA
| | - David Butruille
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Parkway W, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA
| | - Frederic Achard
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Parkway W, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA
| | - Steven Beach
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Parkway W, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA
| | | | - Edward Cargill
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Parkway W, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA
| | - Megan Hassebrock
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Parkway W, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA
| | - Jennifer Rinehart
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Parkway W, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA
| | - Thomas Ream
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Parkway W, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA
| | - Yurong Chen
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Parkway W, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA
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Recent Advances in Antibiotic-Free Markers; Novel Technologies to Enhance Safe Human Food Production in the World. Mol Biotechnol 2022:10.1007/s12033-022-00609-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Ye X, Shrawat A, Williams E, Rivlin A, Vaghchhipawala Z, Moeller L, Kumpf J, Subbarao S, Martinell B, Armstrong C, Saltarikos MA, Somers D, Chen Y. Commercial scale genetic transformation of mature seed embryo explants in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1056190. [PMID: 36523626 PMCID: PMC9745677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1056190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel, efficient maize genetic transformation system was developed using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of embryo explants from mature seeds. Seeds from field grown plants were sterilized and crushed to isolate embryo explants consisting of the coleoptile, leaf primordia, and shoot apical meristem which were then purified from the ground seed bulk preparation. The infection of relevant tissues of seed embryo explants (SEEs) by Agrobacterium was improved by the centrifugation of the explants. Transgenic plants were obtained by multiple bud induction on high cytokinin media, followed by plant regeneration on hormone-free medium. Three different selectable markers (cp4 epsps, aadA, and nptII) were successfully used for producing transgenic plants. Stable integration of transgenes in the maize genome was demonstrated by molecular analyses and germline transmission of the inserted transgenes to the next generation was confirmed by pollen segregation and progeny analysis. Phenotypic evidence for chimeric transgenic tissue was frequently observed in initial experiments but was significantly reduced by including a second bud induction step with optimized cytokinin concentration. Additional improvements, including culturing explants at an elevated temperature during bud induction led to the development of a revolutionary system for efficient transgenic plant production and genome editing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful transgenic plant regeneration through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize mature SEEs. This system starts with mature seed that can be produced in large volumes and the SEEs explants are storable. It has significant advantages in terms of scalability and flexibility over methods that rely on immature explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Ye
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, W. St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ashok Shrawat
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, W. St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Edward Williams
- Agracetus Campus, Monsanto Company, Middleton, WI, United States
| | - Anatoly Rivlin
- Agracetus Campus, Monsanto Company, Middleton, WI, United States
| | | | - Lorena Moeller
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, W. St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jennifer Kumpf
- Mystic Research, Monsanto Company, Mystic, CT, United States
| | - Shubha Subbarao
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, W. St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Brian Martinell
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, W. St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Charles Armstrong
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, W. St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - David Somers
- Mystic Research, Monsanto Company, Mystic, CT, United States
| | - Yurong Chen
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, W. St. Louis, MO, United States
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Ribeiro TP, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, de Melo BP, Morgante CV, Filho AS, Lins CBJ, Ferreira GF, Mello GN, Macedo LLP, Lucena WA, Silva MCM, Oliveira-Neto OB, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Improved cotton transformation protocol mediated by Agrobacterium and biolistic combined-methods. PLANTA 2021; 254:20. [PMID: 34216275 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The combined Agrobacterium- and biolistic-mediated methods of cotton transformation provide a straightforward and highly efficient protocol for obtaining transgenic cotton. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important crop for natural textile fiber production worldwide. Nonetheless, one of the main challenges in cotton production are the losses resulting from insect pests, pathogens, and abiotic stresses. One effective way to solve these issues is to use genetically modified (GM) varieties. Herein, we describe an improved protocol for straightforward and cost-effective genetic transformation of cotton embryo axes, merging biolistics and Agrobacterium. The experimental steps include (1) Agrobacterium preparation, (2) seed sterilization, (3) cotton embryo excision, (4) lesion of shoot-cells by tungsten bombardment, (5) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, (6) embryo co-culture, (7) regeneration and selection of transgenic plants in vitro, and (8) molecular characterization of plants. Due to the high regenerative power of the embryonic axis and the exceptional ability of the meristem cells for plant regeneration through organogenesis in vitro, this protocol can be performed in approximately 4-10 weeks, with an average plant regeneration of about 5.5% (± 0.53) and final average transformation efficiency of 60% (± 0.55). The transgene was stably inherited, and most transgenic plants hold a single copy of the transgene, as desirable and expected in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Additionally, the transgene was stably expressed over generations, and transgenic proteins could be detected at high levels in the T2 generation of GM cotton plants. The T2 progeny showed no phenotypic or productivity disparity compared to wild-type plants. Collectively, the use of cotton embryo axes and the enhanced DNA-delivery system by combining particle bombardment and Agrobacterium infection enabled efficient transgenic plant recovery, overcoming usual limitations associated with the recalcitrance of several cotton genotypes subjected to somatic embryogenesis. The improved approach states this method's success for cotton genetic modification, allowing us to obtain GM cotton plants carrying traits, which are of fundamental relevance for the advancement of global agribusiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne Pires Ribeiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Cellular Biology Department, Brasilia University, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Isabela Tristan Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Bruno Paes de Melo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Federal University of Viçosa, UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Vianna Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Embrapa Semiarid, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Salles Filho
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Barrozo Jesus Lins
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Gilanna Falcão Ferreira
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Glênia Nunes Mello
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lima Pepino Macedo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Wagner Alexandre Lucena
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Mattar Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Osmundo Brilhante Oliveira-Neto
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Integrated Faculties of the Educational Union of Planalto Central, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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6
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Anjanappa RB, Gruissem W. Current progress and challenges in crop genetic transformation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 261:153411. [PMID: 33872932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant transformation remains the most sought-after technology for functional genomics and crop genetic improvement, especially for introducing specific new traits and to modify or recombine already existing traits. Along with many other agricultural technologies, the global production of genetically engineered crops has steadily grown since they were first introduced 25 years ago. Since the first transfer of DNA into plant cells using Agrobacterium tumefaciens, different transformation methods have enabled rapid advances in molecular breeding approaches to bring crop varieties with novel traits to the market that would be difficult or not possible to achieve with conventional breeding methods. Today, transformation to produce genetically engineered crops is the fastest and most widely adopted technology in agriculture. The rapidly increasing number of sequenced plant genomes and information from functional genomics data to understand gene function, together with novel gene cloning and tissue culture methods, is further accelerating crop improvement and trait development. These advances are welcome and needed to make crops more resilient to climate change and to secure their yield for feeding the increasing human population. Despite the success, transformation remains a bottleneck because many plant species and crop genotypes are recalcitrant to established tissue culture and regeneration conditions, or they show poor transformability. Improvements are possible using morphogenetic transcriptional regulators, but their broader applicability remains to be tested. Advances in genome editing techniques and direct, non-tissue culture-based transformation methods offer alternative approaches to enhance varietal development in other recalcitrant crops. Here, we review recent developments in plant transformation and regeneration, and discuss opportunities for new breeding technologies in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi B Anjanappa
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
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Kumar A, Sainger M, Jaiwal R, Chaudhary D, Jaiwal PK. Tissue Culture- and Selection-Independent Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of a Recalcitrant Grain Legume, Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:710-718. [PMID: 33987815 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and generally fast Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system with no tissue culture and selection steps has been developed for the first time in a recalcitrant food legume, cowpea. The approach involves wounding of 1-day-old germinated seeds with a needle or sonication either alone or in combination of vacuum infiltration with A. tumefaciens EH105 (pCAMBIA2301) carrying a β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (uidA) and a neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) gene for stable transformation. Sonicated and vacuum infiltrated seedlings showed the highest transient GUS activity in 90% of the explants. The sprouted co-cultured seeds directly established in soil and without selection were allowed to develop into plants which on maturity produced T0 seeds. The presence of the alien genes, nptII and uidA in T0 plants and their integration into the genome of T1 plants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analyses, respectively. The transgenes were inherited in the subsequent T2 generation in a Mendelian fashion and their expression was confirmed by semi-quantitative PCR. The transformation frequency of 1.90% was obtained with sonication followed by vacuum infiltration with Agrobacterium. This approach provides favorable circumstances for the rapid meristem transformation and likely makes translational research ease in an important recalcitrant food legume, cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Manish Sainger
- Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Ranjana Jaiwal
- Department of Zoology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | | | - Pawan K Jaiwal
- Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
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