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Rojas-Vásquez R, Hernández-Soto A, Arrieta-Espinoza G, Gatica-Arias A. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica var. CR-5272). Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2788:257-271. [PMID: 38656519 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3782-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Tissue culture optimization protocols limit indica rice breeding. Such a challenge is vital because emergent techniques still rely on tissue culture methods and could allow the breeding of new varieties with higher production and toleration of adverse environmental effects caused by climate change. Genome editing technology, using CRISPR/Cas9, is a fast and precise method for accelerated plant breeding. It limited its use in indica subspecies because of the recalcitrant response to in vitro culture methods. This chapter describes a protocol for CRISPR/Cas9 editing in indica subspecies, specifically in the CR-5272 variety derived from parental lines IR-822, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and biolistic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall Rojas-Vásquez
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Agrícolas y Recursos Naturales con Énfasis en Biotecnología (PPCARN), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Vitroflora Labs, Palmares, Alajuela, Costa Rica
- Laboratorio Biotecnología Aplicada a Mejoramiento de Cultivo, Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica , San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Griselda Arrieta-Espinoza
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Agrícolas y Recursos Naturales con Énfasis en Biotecnología (PPCARN), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
- Laboratorio Biotecnología Aplicada a Mejoramiento de Cultivo, Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica , San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Andrés Gatica-Arias
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Agrícolas y Recursos Naturales con Énfasis en Biotecnología (PPCARN), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
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Ascencio-Ibáñez JT, Dallas MM, Hanley-Bowdoin L. Begomovirus Inoculation in Arabidopsis and Cassava. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2724:71-79. [PMID: 37987899 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3485-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of infectious clones to inoculate plant viruses allows for controlled studies that lead to a better understanding of plant-virus interactions. The main methods used for laboratory inoculation of geminiviruses are agroinoculation and biolistics. We describe how to successfully inoculate geminiviruses, focusing on Arabidopsis as a model plant and cassava as a crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- José T Ascencio-Ibáñez
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Mary M Dallas
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Linda Hanley-Bowdoin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Rajkumari N, Alex S, Soni KB, Anith KN, Viji MM, Kiran AG. Silver nanoparticles for biolistic transformation in Nicotiana tabacum L. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:497. [PMID: 34881160 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the use of silver nanoparticles as a gene carrier, substituting gold microcarrier for biolistic gene delivery in Nicotiana tabacum L. Efficiency of biolistic transformation using silver nanoparticles (100 nm) was compared with that of gold microcarriers (0.6 micron) under varying helium pressure (450 psi, 650 psi, 900 psi and 1100 psi) and target distance (6 cm and 9 cm). Among the different concentrations (0.01-100 mgL-1) of silver nanoparticles tried, 10 mgL-1 produced the highest number of transient GUS expression (30) with statistical significance. Helium pressure of 650 and target distance of 9 cm, and 900 psi pressure and 6 cm distance resulted in the highest GUS expression with gold microcarriers and silver nanoparticles, respectively. Transformation efficiency was significantly higher with silver nanoparticles than gold microparticles as carriers resulting in a reduction up to 37.5-fold on the cost of consumables. Regeneration efficiencies of tissues bombarded with gold microcarriers and silver nanoparticles were 62.5% and 70.83%, respectively.
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Ribeiro TP, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, de Melo BP, Morgante CV, Filho AS, Lins CBJ, Ferreira GF, Mello GN, Macedo LLP, Lucena WA, Silva MCM, Oliveira-Neto OB, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Improved cotton transformation protocol mediated by Agrobacterium and biolistic combined-methods. Planta 2021; 254:20. [PMID: 34216275 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The combined Agrobacterium- and biolistic-mediated methods of cotton transformation provide a straightforward and highly efficient protocol for obtaining transgenic cotton. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important crop for natural textile fiber production worldwide. Nonetheless, one of the main challenges in cotton production are the losses resulting from insect pests, pathogens, and abiotic stresses. One effective way to solve these issues is to use genetically modified (GM) varieties. Herein, we describe an improved protocol for straightforward and cost-effective genetic transformation of cotton embryo axes, merging biolistics and Agrobacterium. The experimental steps include (1) Agrobacterium preparation, (2) seed sterilization, (3) cotton embryo excision, (4) lesion of shoot-cells by tungsten bombardment, (5) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, (6) embryo co-culture, (7) regeneration and selection of transgenic plants in vitro, and (8) molecular characterization of plants. Due to the high regenerative power of the embryonic axis and the exceptional ability of the meristem cells for plant regeneration through organogenesis in vitro, this protocol can be performed in approximately 4-10 weeks, with an average plant regeneration of about 5.5% (± 0.53) and final average transformation efficiency of 60% (± 0.55). The transgene was stably inherited, and most transgenic plants hold a single copy of the transgene, as desirable and expected in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Additionally, the transgene was stably expressed over generations, and transgenic proteins could be detected at high levels in the T2 generation of GM cotton plants. The T2 progeny showed no phenotypic or productivity disparity compared to wild-type plants. Collectively, the use of cotton embryo axes and the enhanced DNA-delivery system by combining particle bombardment and Agrobacterium infection enabled efficient transgenic plant recovery, overcoming usual limitations associated with the recalcitrance of several cotton genotypes subjected to somatic embryogenesis. The improved approach states this method's success for cotton genetic modification, allowing us to obtain GM cotton plants carrying traits, which are of fundamental relevance for the advancement of global agribusiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne Pires Ribeiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Cellular Biology Department, Brasilia University, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Isabela Tristan Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Bruno Paes de Melo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Federal University of Viçosa, UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Vianna Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Embrapa Semiarid, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Salles Filho
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Barrozo Jesus Lins
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Gilanna Falcão Ferreira
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Glênia Nunes Mello
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lima Pepino Macedo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Wagner Alexandre Lucena
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Mattar Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Osmundo Brilhante Oliveira-Neto
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Integrated Faculties of the Educational Union of Planalto Central, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, Final W5 North, PO Box 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-901, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Werner Ribeiro C, Dugé de Bernonville T, Glévarec G, Lanoue A, Oudin A, Pichon O, St-Pierre B, Courdavault V, Besseau S. ALSV-Based Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Apple Tree (Malus × domestica L.). Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2172:183-197. [PMID: 32557370 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0751-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a fast and efficient tool to investigate gene function in plant as an alternative to knock down/out transgenic lines, especially in plant species difficult to transform and challenging to regenerate such as perennial woody plants. In apple tree, a VIGS vector has been previously developed based on the Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) and an efficient inoculation method has been optimized using biolistics. This report described detailed step-by-step procedure to design and silence a gene of interest (GOI) in apple tree tissues using the ALSV-based vector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Pichon
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
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Abstract
Biolistic transformation is one of two popular methods for introducing genes into sugarcane. However, unlike Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, the efficiency of gene transfer into sugarcane cells, using the biolistic method is very high. In addition to this, the biolistic transformation method is independent of the explant genotype or tissue. It also has the advantage that a minimum DNA sequence of linearized plasmid can be used, thus eliminating the introduction of undesirable plasmid derived genes, delivering low-copy transgenic events. In this chapter, we describe the method for efficient delivery of genes into sugarcane cells using a biolistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Sun
- Sugar Research Australia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Liu W, Rudis MR, Cheplick MH, Millwood RJ, Yang JP, Ondzighi-Assoume CA, Montgomery GA, Burris KP, Mazarei M, Chesnut JD, Stewart CN. Lipofection-mediated genome editing using DNA-free delivery of the Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein into plant cells. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:245-257. [PMID: 31728703 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A novel and robust lipofection-mediated transfection approach for the use of DNA-free Cas9/gRNA RNP for gene editing has demonstrated efficacy in plant cells. Precise genome editing has been revolutionized by CRISPR/Cas9 systems. DNA-based delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 is widely used in various plant species. However, protein-based delivery of the in vitro translated Cas9/guide RNA (gRNA) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex into plant cells is still in its infancy even though protein delivery has several advantages. These advantages include DNA-free delivery, gene-edited host plants that are not transgenic, ease of use, low cost, relative ease to be adapted to high-throughput systems, and low off-target cleavage rates. Here, we show a novel lipofection-mediated transfection approach for protein delivery of the preassembled Cas9/gRNA RNP into plant cells for genome editing. Two lipofection reagents, Lipofectamine 3000 and RNAiMAX, were adapted for successful delivery into plant cells of Cas9/gRNA RNP. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter was fused in-frame with the C-terminus of the Cas9 protein and the fusion protein was successfully delivered into non-transgenic tobacco cv. 'Bright Yellow-2' (BY2) protoplasts. The optimal efficiencies for Lipofectamine 3000- and RNAiMAX-mediated protein delivery were 66% and 48%, respectively. Furthermore, we developed a biolistic method for protein delivery based on the known proteolistics technique. A transgenic tobacco BY2 line expressing an orange fluorescence protein reporter pporRFP was targeted for knockout. We found that the targeted mutagenesis frequency for our Lipofectamine 3000-mediated protein delivery was 6%. Our results showed that the newly developed lipofection-mediated transfection approach is robust for the use of the DNA-free Cas9/gRNA technology for genome editing in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - Mary R Rudis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Matthew H Cheplick
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Reginald J Millwood
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Yang
- Synthetic Biology Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - Christine A Ondzighi-Assoume
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
| | - Garrett A Montgomery
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Kellie P Burris
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Caroline State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Mitra Mazarei
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jonathan D Chesnut
- Synthetic Biology Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - Charles Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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Abstract
The following protocol describes the genetic transformation of wheat using the BioRad PDS/1000-He particle delivery system. Immature embryos are isolated 12-16 days post-anthesis, the embryonic axis is removed, and the immature scutella are precultured for 1-2 days prior to particle bombardment. Gold particles are coated with plasmid DNA containing the gene(s) of interest plus a selectable marker gene, in this instance bar (bialaphos resistance), and are fired into the cells to deliver the DNA. Subsequent tissue culture and regeneration steps allow recovery of plantlets, assisted by the inclusion of PPT (phosphinothricin tripeptide), the active ingredient of glufosinate-ammonium containing herbicides, to help select transformants. This updated method introduces selection earlier in the regeneration process which provides a shortened protocol while maintaining high transformation efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Doherty
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Hertfordshire, UK
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Abstract
Biolistic delivery of biomolecular cargoes to plants with micron-scale projectiles is a well-established technique in plant biotechnology. However, the relatively large micron-scale biolistic projectiles can result in tissue damage, low regeneration efficiency, and create difficulties for the biolistic transformation of isomorphic small cells or subcellular target organelles (i.e., mitochondria and plastids). As an alternative to micron-sized carriers, nanomaterials provide a promising approach for biomolecule delivery to plants. While most studies exploring nanoscale biolistic carriers have been carried out in animal cells and tissues, which lack a cell wall, we can nonetheless extrapolate their utility for nanobiolistic delivery of biomolecules in plant targets. Specifically, nanobiolistics has shown promising results for use in animal systems, in which nanoscale projectiles yield lower levels of cell and tissue damage while maintaining similar transformation efficiencies as their micron-scale counterparts. In this chapter, we specifically discuss biolistic delivery of nanoparticles for plant genetic transformation purposes and identify the figures of merit requiring optimization for broad-scale implementation of nanobiolistics in plant genetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J Cunningham
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gozde S Demirer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Natalie S Goh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Angulo-Bejarano PI, Sharma A, Paredes-López O. Factors affecting genetic transformation by particle bombardment of the prickly pear cactus ( O. ficus-indica). 3 Biotech 2019; 9:98. [PMID: 30800609 PMCID: PMC6385058 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a novel transformation protocol for Opuntia ficus-indica was generated by means of particle bombardment. The best conditions obtained were: 900 psi rupture disk pressure, 8 cm microprojectile travel distance, and 4 h of exposition to 0.2 M mannitol. For all experiments, gold particles coated with 1.0 µg/µL of pBI426 plasmid DNA were used. With all these conditions, a 23% of transformation efficiency in terms of regeneration in selection media (100 mg/L kanamycin) was obtained. Interestingly, the presence of both transgenes: nptII and uidA, by means of PCR and RT-PCR assays was detected. The regeneration percentage achieved in terms of stable integration for both genes was 10%. In addition, we also detected adequate amounts of β-glucuronidase activity by means of the GUS fluorometric assay. The procedure described in the present investigation reveals the feasibility of using nopal for the introduction, expression, and possible production of heterologous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Isabel Angulo-Bejarano
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libr. Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Apdo. Postal 629, Irapuato, 36824 Guanajuato, Mexico.,2Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Epigmenio González No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130 Queretaro, Queretaro Mexico
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- 2Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Epigmenio González No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130 Queretaro, Queretaro Mexico
| | - Octavio Paredes-López
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libr. Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, Apdo. Postal 629, Irapuato, 36824 Guanajuato, Mexico
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Abstract
Biolistic transformation of wheat is one of the most commonly used methods for gene function study and trait discovery. It has been widely adapted as a fundamental platform to generate wheat plants with new traits and has become a powerful tool for facilitating the crop improvement. In this chapter, we present a complete and straightforward protocol for wheat transformation via biolistic bombardment system. Although wheat is still one of the hardest plant species to transform, this protocol offers an optimized and efficient system to produce transgenic plants. To demonstrate the application of this protocol, in this chapter we describe an example of obtaining transgenic wheat by the co-bombardment of two plasmids, containing a green fluorescent protein gene and a glufosinate herbicide selection gene, respectively. In addition, procedures for the screening and testing of putative transgenic plants are described. This protocol has been successfully applied to generate stable transgenic bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) in both spring and winter varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | | | - Yueying Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jordan Brungardt
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Harold N Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Wu H, Acanda Y, Jia H, Wang N, Zale J. Biolistic transformation of Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.). Plant Cell Rep 2016; 35:1955-62. [PMID: 27277128 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of transgenic citrus plants by the biolistic method. A protocol for the biolistic transformation of epicotyl explants and transgenic shoot regeneration of immature citrange rootstock, cv. Carrizo (Citrus sinensis Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) and plant regeneration is described. Immature epicotyl explants were bombarded with a vector containing the nptII selectable marker and the gfp reporter. The number of independent, stably transformed tissues/total number of explants, recorded by monitoring GFP fluorescence 4 weeks after bombardment was substantial at 18.4 %, and some fluorescing tissues regenerated into shoots. Fluorescing GFP, putative transgenic shoots were micro-grafted onto immature Carrizo rootstocks in vitro, confirmed by PCR amplification of nptII and gfp coding regions, followed by secondary grafting onto older rootstocks grown in soil. Southern blot analysis indicated that all the fluorescing shoots were transgenic. Multiple and single copies of nptII integrations were confirmed in five regenerated transgenic lines. There is potential to develop a higher throughput biolistics transformation system by optimizing the tissue culture medium to improve shoot regeneration and narrowing the window for plant sampling. This system will be appropriate for transformation with minimal cassettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Plant Pathology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
| | - Yosvanis Acanda
- Plant Pathology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Hongge Jia
- Plant Pathology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Nian Wang
- Plant Pathology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Janice Zale
- Plant Pathology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
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13
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Kronbak R, Ingvardsen CR, Madsen CK, Gregersen PL. A novel approach to the generation of seamless constructs for plant transformation. Plant Methods 2014; 10:10. [PMID: 24855486 PMCID: PMC4030040 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-10-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When creating plant transformation vectors, full control of nucleotides flanking the insert in the final construct may be desirable. Modern ligase-independent methods for DNA-recombination are based on linearization by classical type II restriction endonucleases (REs) alone or in combination with nicking enzymes leaving residual nucleotides behind in the final construct. We here explore the use of type IIS and type IIB REs for vector linearization that combined with sequence and ligase-independent cloning (SLIC) overcomes this problem and promotes seamless gene-insertion in vectors. Providing the basis for a collection of biolistic plant transformation vectors ready to be cloned with different genes-of-interest, we present two vectors, where promoter and terminator are joined by a spacer. During spacer-removal linearization (SRL), type IIS and type IIB REs remove their own recognition sequences from the vector leaving no undesired, short sequences behind. RESULTS We designed two plant transformation vectors prepared for SRL in combination with SLIC, pAUrumII and pAUrumIII, harboring a spacer with recognition sites for a type IIS and IIB RE, respectively. The gene for a green fluorescent protein, gfp, was successfully cloned into both vectors; traces of pAUrumIII, however, contaminated the transformation due to incomplete linearization, an issue not encountered with the type IIS linearized pAUrumII. Both constructs, pAUrumII-gfp and pAUrumIII-gfp, were functional, when tested in vitro on wheat and barley endosperm cells for transient gfp expression. CONCLUSIONS All nucleotides flanking an insert in a biolistic plant transformation vector can be customized by means of SRL in combination with SLIC. Especially type IIS REs promote an efficient cloning result. Based on our findings, we believe that the SRL system can be useful in a series of plant transformation vectors, favoring the presence of functional sequences for optimal expression over redundant cloning-site remnants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Kronbak
- Science and Technology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Christina Rønn Ingvardsen
- Science and Technology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Claus Krogh Madsen
- Science and Technology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Per Langkjær Gregersen
- Science and Technology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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14
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Abstract
In order to develop new selection systems for production of transgenic cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), two different selection regimes were assessed for their efficiency on regeneration of transgenic cassava plants: positive selection using mannose and negative selection using hygromycin. Explants from somatic cotyledons and embryogenic suspensions were used as target tissues in the transformation experiments and bombarded using the particle inflow gun. Different culture and selection strategies were assessed to optimise the selection protocols. For the first time transgenic plants could be obtained using positive, and in the case of embryogenic suspensions, hygromycin-based negative selection. The stably transformed nature of the regenerated cassava plant lines and the expression of the transgenes were verified with PCR, RT-PCR, Southern and northern analyses. A rooting test for transgenic plants on a medium supplemented with mannose was developed to further improve the efficacy of the positive selection system. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain transgenic cassava plants using non-antibiotic positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhang
- Institute for Plant Sciences, ETH-Zentrum / LFW E 17, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland e-mail: Fax: +41-1-6321044, , , , , , CH
| | - J Puonti-Kaerlas
- Institute for Plant Sciences, ETH-Zentrum / LFW E 17, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland e-mail: Fax: +41-1-6321044, , , , , , CH
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15
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Abstract
A novel protocol, based on biolistics and regeneration via organogenesis, was developed for genetic transformation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). The in vitro performance of cassava cultivars CMC40, MPer183 and MCol22 was evaluated, and the regeneration protocol was modified to improve shoot production from explants for transformation experiments. Somatic cotyledons were used as a target tissue in the transformation experiments using the Particle Inflow Gun and a plasmid containing the uidA gene in transient assays. The effect of different parameters for particle bombardment efficiency, including the amount of DNA used, the flying distance of the projectiles and the pre- and post-plasmolysis time of the target tissue, was evaluated and the conditions were partially optimised. Stably transformed cassava plants of cvs. MCol22 and TMS60444 were produced using the partially optimised conditions and two different vector constructs carrying the hpt gene as the selectable marker. The selection protocol was optimised further, and a rooting test was developed for screening the regenerants for antibiotic resistance to reduce the number of escapes obtained after primary selection. The production of stably transformed cassava lines and the expression of the transgenes was verified by Southern blot analysis and RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhang
- Institute for Plant Sciences, ETH-Zentrum/LFW E 17, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland e-mail: Fax: +41 (1) 632 10 44, , , , , , CH
| | - G Legris
- Institute for Plant Sciences, ETH-Zentrum/LFW E 17, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland e-mail: Fax: +41 (1) 632 10 44, , , , , , CH
| | - P Coulin
- Institute for Plant Sciences, ETH-Zentrum/LFW E 17, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland e-mail: Fax: +41 (1) 632 10 44, , , , , , CH
| | - J Puonti-Kaerlas
- Institute for Plant Sciences, ETH-Zentrum/LFW E 17, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland e-mail: Fax: +41 (1) 632 10 44, , , , , , CH
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16
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Tian LN, Charest PJ, Séguin A, Rutledge RG. Hygromycin resistance is an effective selectable marker for biolistic transformation of black spruce (Picea mariana). Plant Cell Rep 2000; 19:358-362. [PMID: 30754787 DOI: 10.1007/s002990050740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using particle bombardment of mature somatic embryos followed by the induction of secondary embryogenesis in the presence of hygromycin, we produced over 90 lines of transgenic embryonal masses expressing β-glucuronidase from two genotypes of black spruce. Transformation efficiencies of up to 7% (1 transgenic line per 14 embryos bombarded) were achieved by extending the period of selection from 8 to 12 weeks. Proliferation of transformed embryonal masses in the presence of hygromycin had no effect on either embryogenicity or embryo maturation. Southern blot hybridization and PCR amplification confirmed the presence of the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene in genomic DNA. The expression of the β-glucuronidase gene in the needles of regenerated seedlings support the potential for long-term transgene expression in spruce.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-N Tian
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S, P.O. Box 3800, Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1V 4C7, Canada e-mail: FAX: 418-648-5849, , , , , , CA
| | - P J Charest
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Science Branch, 580 Booth St., 7th Floor, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E4, Canada, , , , , , CA
| | - A Séguin
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S, P.O. Box 3800, Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1V 4C7, Canada e-mail: FAX: 418-648-5849, , , , , , CA
| | - R G Rutledge
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S, P.O. Box 3800, Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1V 4C7, Canada e-mail: FAX: 418-648-5849, , , , , , CA
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