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Zhao B, Gao Y, Ma Q, Wang X, Zhu JK, Li W, Wang B, Yuan F. Global dynamics and cytokinin participation of salt gland development trajectory in recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2094-2110. [PMID: 38588029 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Salt gland is an epidermal Na+ secretory structure that enhances salt resistance in the recretohalophyte sea lavender (Limonium bicolor). To elucidate the salt gland development trajectory and related molecular mechanisms, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of L. bicolor protoplasts from young leaves at salt gland initiation and differentiation stages. Dimensionality reduction analyses defined 19 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters, which were assigned into 4 broad populations-promeristem, epidermis, mesophyll, and vascular tissue-verified by in situ hybridization. Cytokinin was further proposed to participate in salt gland development by the expression patterns of related genes and cytological evidence. By comparison analyses of Single-cell RNA sequencing with exogenous application of 6-benzylaminopurine, we delineated 5 salt gland development-associated subclusters and defined salt gland-specific differentiation trajectories from Subclusters 8, 4, and 6 to Subcluster 3 and 1. Additionally, we validated the participation of TRIPTYCHON and the interacting protein Lb7G34824 in salt gland development, which regulated the expression of cytokinin metabolism and signaling-related genes such as GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS 2 to maintain cytokinin homeostasis during salt gland development. Our results generated a gene expression map of young leaves at single-cell resolution for the comprehensive investigation of salt gland determinants and cytokinin participation that helps elucidate cell fate determination during epidermis formation and evolution in recretohalophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yaru Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qiuyu Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China
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Yang Z, Zhang Z, Qiao Z, Guo X, Wen Y, Zhou Y, Yao C, Fan H, Wang B, Han G. The RING zinc finger protein LbRZF1 promotes salt gland development and salt tolerance in Limonium bicolor. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:787-809. [PMID: 38477645 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor thrives in high-salinity environments because salt glands on the above-ground parts of the plant help to expel excess salt. Here, we characterize a nucleus-localized C3HC4 (RING-HC)-type zinc finger protein of L. bicolor named RING ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 1 (LbRZF1). LbRZF1 was expressed in salt glands and in response to NaCl treatment. LbRZF1 showed no E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The phenotypes of overexpression and knockout lines for LbRZF1 indicated that LbRZF1 positively regulated salt gland development and salt tolerance in L. bicolor. lbrzf1 mutants had fewer salt glands and secreted less salt than did the wild-type, whereas LbRZF1-overexpressing lines had opposite phenotypes, in keeping with the overall salt tolerance of these plants. A yeast two-hybrid screen revealed that LbRZF1 interacted with LbCATALASE2 (LbCAT2) and the transcription factor LbMYB113, leading to their stabilization. Silencing of LbCAT2 or LbMYB113 decreased salt gland density and salt tolerance. The heterologous expression of LbRZF1 in Arabidopsis thaliana conferred salt tolerance to this non-halophyte. We also identified the transcription factor LbMYB48 as an upstream regulator of LbRZF1 transcription. The study of LbRZF1 in the regulation network of salt gland development also provides a good foundation for transforming crops and improving their salt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongran Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Ziqi Qiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Xueying Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Yixuan Wen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Yingxue Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Chunliang Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta of Shandong Province, Dongying, 257000, China
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, 257000, China
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Zhang M, Hou X, Yang H, Wang J, Li Y, Liu Q, Zhang C, Wang B, Chen M. The NAC gene family in the halophyte Limonium bicolor: Identification, expression analysis, and regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108462. [PMID: 38484683 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
NAC transcription factors regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the number, types, and biological functions of Limonium bicolor LbNAC genes have remained elusive. L. bicolor secretes excessive salt ions through salt glands on its stems and leaves to reduce salt-induced damage. Here, we identified 63 NAC members (LbNAC1-63) in L. bicolor, which were unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes. Cis-elements in the LbNAC promoters were related to growth and development, stress responses, and phytohormone responses. We observed strong colinearity between LbNACs and GmNACs from soybean (Glycine max). Thus, LbNAC genes may share similar functions with GmNAC genes. Expression analysis indicated that 16 LbNAC genes are highly expressed in roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, whereas 17 LbNAC genes were highly expressed throughout salt gland development, suggesting that they may regulate this developmental stage. Silencing LbNAC54 in L. bicolor decreased salt gland density, salt secretion from leaves, and overall salt tolerance. In agreement, genes related to salt gland development were significantly downregulated in LbNAC54-silenced lines. Our findings shed light on LbNAC genes and help elucidate salt gland development and salt secretion in L. bicolor. Our data also provide insight into NAC functions in halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Xueting Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Hui Yang
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Juying Wang
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China; Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China.
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Zhou Y, Zhang H, Ren Y, Wang X, Wang B, Yuan F. The transmembrane protein LbRSG from the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor enhances salt gland development and salt tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:498-515. [PMID: 37856574 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Salt glands are the unique epidermal structures present in recretohalophytes, plants that actively excrete excess Na+ by salt secretory structures to avoid salt damage. Here, we describe a transmembrane protein that localizes to the plasma membrane of the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor. As virus-induced gene silencing of the corresponding gene LbRSG in L. bicolor decreased the number of salt glands, we named the gene Reduced Salt Gland. We detected LbRSG transcripts in salt glands by in situ hybridization and transient transformation. Overexpression and silencing of LbRSG in L. bicolor pointed to a positive role in salt gland development and salt secretion by interacting with Lb3G16832. Heterologous LbRSG expression in Arabidopsis enhanced salt tolerance during germination and the seedling stage by alleviating NaCl-induced ion stress and osmotic stress after replacing or deleting the (highly) negatively charged region of extramembranous loop. After screened by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry and verified using yeast two-hybrid, PGK1 and BGLU18 were proposed to interact with LbRSG to strengthen salt tolerance. Therefore, we identified (highly) negatively charged regions in the extramembrane loop that may play an essential role in salt tolerance, offering hints about LbRSG function and its potential to confer salt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanpeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Avenue, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China
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Jiao X, Zhao B, Wang B, Yuan F. An uncharacterized gene Lb1G04794 from Limonium bicolor promotes salt tolerance and trichome development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1079534. [PMID: 36570955 PMCID: PMC9773991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1079534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes can grow and reproduce in high-salinity environments, making them an important reservoir of genes conferring salt tolerance. With the expansion of saline soils worldwide, exploring the mechanisms of salt tolerance in halophytes and improving the salt tolerance of crops have become increasingly urgent. Limonium bicolor is a halophyte with salt glands that secrete excess Na+ through leaves. Here, we identified an uncharacterized gene Lb1G04794, which showed increased expression after NaCl treatment and was high during salt gland development in L. bicolor. Overexpression of Lb1G04794 in L. bicolor showed promoted salt gland development, indicating that this gene may promote salt gland differentiation. Transgenic Arabidopsis strains overexpressing Lb1G04794 showed increased trichomes and decreased root hairs under normal conditions. Compared with wild type (WT), root growth in the transgenic lines was less inhibited by NaCl treatment. Transgenic seedlings accumulated less fresh/dry weight reductions under long-term salt treatment, accompanied by lower Na+ and malondialdehyde accumulation than WT, indicating that these transgenic lines behave better growth and undergo less cellular damage under NaCl stress. These results were consistent with the low expression levels of salt-tolerance marker genes in the transgenic lines upon salt stress. We conclude that the unknown gene Lb1G04794 positively regulated salt gland development, and promoted salt tolerance of Arabidopsis, offering a new direction for improving salt tolerance of non-halophytes and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fang Yuan
- *Correspondence: Baoshan Wang, ; Fang Yuan,
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Wang X, Wang B, Yuan F. Lb1G04202, an Uncharacterized Protein from Recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor, Is Important in Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105401. [PMID: 35628211 PMCID: PMC9140551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With global increases in saline soil, it has become increasingly important to decipher salt-tolerance mechanisms and identify strategies to improve salt tolerance in crops. Halophytes complete their life cycles in environments containing ≥200 mM NaCl; these remarkable plants provide a potential source of genes for improving crop salt tolerance. Recretohalophytes such as Limonium bicolor have salt glands that secrete Na+ on their leaf epidermis. Here, we identified Lb1G04202, an uncharacterized gene with no conserved domains, from L. bicolor, which was highly expressed after NaCl treatment. We confirmed its expression in the salt gland by in situ hybridization, and then heterologously expressed Lb1G04202 in Arabidopsis thaliana. The transgenic lines had a higher germination rate, greater cotyledon growth percentage, and longer roots than the wild type (WT) under NaCl treatments (50, 100 and 150 mM). At the seedling stage, the transgenic lines grew better than the WT and had lower Na+ and malonyldialdehyde accumulation, and higher K+ and proline contents. This corresponded with the high expression of the key proline biosynthesis genes AtP5CS1 and AtP5CS2 under NaCl treatment. Isotonic mannitol treatment showed that Lb1G04202 overexpression significantly relieved osmotic stress. Therefore, this novel gene provides a potential target for improving salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (F.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-531-86180197 (F.Y.)
| | - Fang Yuan
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (F.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-531-86180197 (F.Y.)
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Gao Y, Zhao B, Jiao X, Chen M, Wang B, Yuan F. Coupled Development of Salt Glands, Stomata, and Pavement Cells in Limonium bicolor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:745422. [PMID: 34956255 PMCID: PMC8695552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.745422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Salt-resistant plants have different mechanisms to limit the deleterious effects of high salt in soil; for example, recretohalophytes secrete salt from unique structures called salt glands. Salt glands are the first differentiated epidermal structure of the recretohalophyte sea lavender (Limonium bicolor), followed by stomata and pavement cells. While salt glands and stomata develop prior to leaf expansion, it is not clear whether these steps are connected. Here, we explored the effects of the five phytohormones salicylic acid, brassinolide, methyl jasmonate, gibberellic acid, and abscisic acid on the development of the first expanded leaf of L. bicolor and its potential connection to salt gland, stomata, and pavement cell differentiation. We calculated the total number of salt glands, stomata, and pavement cells, as well as leaf area and pavement cell area, and assessed the correlations between these parameters. We detected strong and positive correlations between salt gland number and pavement cell area, between stomatal number and pavement cell area, and between salt gland number and stomatal number. We observed evidence of coupling between the development of salt glands, stomata, and pavement cells in L. bicolor, which lays the foundation for further investigation of the mechanism behind salt gland development.
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Wang X, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Wang B, Yuan F. A novel gene LbHLH from the halophyte Limonium bicolor enhances salt tolerance via reducing root hair development and enhancing osmotic resistance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:284. [PMID: 34157974 PMCID: PMC8218485 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying genes involved in salt tolerance in the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor could facilitate the breeding of crops with enhanced salt tolerance. Here we cloned the previously uncharacterized gene LbHLH and explored its role in salt tolerance. RESULTS The 2,067-bp open reading frame of LbHLH encodes a 688-amino-acid protein with a typical helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain. In situ hybridization showed that LbHLH is expressed in salt glands of L. bicolor. LbHLH localizes to the nucleus, and LbHLH is highly expressed during salt gland development and in response to NaCl treatment. To further explore its function, we heterologously expressed LbHLH in Arabidopsis thaliana under the 35S promoter. The overexpression lines showed significantly increased trichome number and reduced root hair number. LbHLH might interact with GLABRA1 to influence trichome and root hair development, as revealed by yeast two-hybrid analysis. The transgenic lines showed higher germination percentages and longer roots than the wild type under NaCl treatment. Analysis of seedlings grown on medium containing sorbitol with the same osmotic pressure as 100 mM NaCl demonstrated that overexpressing LbHLH enhanced osmotic resistance. CONCLUSION These results indicate that LbHLH enhances salt tolerance by reducing root hair development and enhancing osmotic resistance under NaCl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yingli Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanyu Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China.
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China.
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Wang S, Zhao Z, Ge S, Peng B, Zhang K, Hu M, Mai W, Tian C. Root Morphology and Rhizosphere Characteristics Are Related to Salt Tolerance of Suaeda salsa and Beta vulgaris L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:677767. [PMID: 34234797 PMCID: PMC8255919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.677767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes are capable of resisting salinity, and their root system is the part in direct contact with the saline soil environment. The aim of this study was to compare the responses of root morphology and rhizosphere characteristics to salinity between a halophyte, Suaeda salsa (suaeda), and a glycophyte, Beta vulgaris L. (sugar beet). The soil salt content was set to four levels (0.7, 1.2, 1.7, and 2.7%) by NaCl-treated plants. We investigated the soil pH, EC, nutrients and soil, plant ion (Na+, Cl-, K+, and Mg2+) concentration to evaluate the rhizospheric processes, and salt tolerance of suaeda by the root mat method. The highest biomass was in the 1.2% salt level for suaeda and in the 0.7% salt level for sugar beet. The root length and root surface area of suaeda showed similar trends to biomass, but the root diameter decreased by 11.5-17.9% with higher salinity. The Na+, Cl-, and K+ accumulations in the shoot of suaeda displayed higher than that in sugar beet, while the Mg2+ accumulation was lower in suaeda than that in sugar beet. High salinity resulted in increased pH and EC values in the rhizosphere for suaeda, but lower values of these parameters for sugar beet. Under high salinity, the Olsen phosphorus content was 0.50 g·kg-1 and 0.99 g·kg-1 higher in the rhizosphere than in the non-rhizosphere for suaeda and sugar beet. We concluded that the two species [halophyte, Suaeda salsa (suaeda), and a glycophyte, B. vulgaris L. (sugar beet)] showed diverse approaches for nutrient absorption under salinity stress. Suaeda altered its root morphology (smaller root diameter and longer roots) under salt stress to increase the root surface area, while sugar beet activated rhizospheric processes to take up more nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoule Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Shaoqing Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Mingfang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenxuan Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Changyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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