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Stanfield RC, Forrestel EJ, Elmendorf KE, Bagshaw SB, Bartlett MK. Phloem anatomy predicts berry sugar accumulation across 13 wine-grape cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1360381. [PMID: 38576794 PMCID: PMC10991835 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1360381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Climate change is impacting the wine industry by accelerating ripening processes due to warming temperatures, especially in areas of significant grape production like California. Increasing temperatures accelerate the rate of sugar accumulation (measured in ⁰Brix) in grapes, however this presents a problem to wine makers as flavor profiles may need more time to develop properly. To alleviate the mismatch between sugar accumulation and flavor compounds, growers may sync vine cultivars with climates that are most amenable to their distinct growing conditions. However, the traits which control such cultivar specific climate adaptation, especially for ⁰Brix accumulation rate, are poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that higher rates of fruit development and sugar accumulation are predicted by larger phloem areas in different organs of the plant. Methods Here we test this phloem area hypothesis using a common garden experiment in the Central Valley of Northern California using 18 cultivars of the common grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and assess the grape berry sugar accumulation rates as a function of phloem area in leaf and grape organs. Results We find that phloem area in the leaf petiole organ as well as the berry pedicel is a significant predictor of ⁰Brix accumulation rate across 13 cultivars and that grapes from warm climates overall have larger phloem areas than those from hot climates. In contrast, other physiological traits such as photosynthetic assimilation and leaf water potential did not predict berry accumulation rates. Discussion As hot climate cultivars have lower phloem areas which would slow down brix accumulation, growers may have inadvertently been selecting this trait to align flavor development with sugar accumulation across the common cultivars tested. This work highlights a new trait that can be easily phenotyped (i.e., petiole phloem area) and be used for growers to match cultivar more accurately with the temperature specific climate conditions of a growing region to obtain satisfactory sugar accumulation and flavor profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Stanfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Stanislaus, Turlock, CA, United States
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Elisabeth J. Forrestel
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kayla E. Elmendorf
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sophia B. Bagshaw
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Megan K. Bartlett
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Rafique R, Ahmad T, Khan MA, Ahmed M. Temperature variability during the growing season affects the quality attributes of table grapes in Pothwar-insight from a new emerging viticulture region in South Asia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:1881-1896. [PMID: 37718384 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Rising air temperature due to climate change has posed a mammoth challenge to global viticulture and key berry quality traits are compromised. Exploring the effects of seasonal temperature variability on berry ripening and quality attributes in different viticulture regions may help in sustainable viticulture industry. The present research was designed to explore the effect of temperature variables on key quality attributes of table grape cultivars in Pothwar region of Pakistan. Key berry quality traits such as total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), maturity indices (MI), ascorbic acid, sugars, total polyphenol contents (TPC) and total anthocyanin contents (TAC) were unlocked for four important table grape cultivars under varying environmental conditions at Chakwal and Islamabad districts for two consecutive vintages of 2019 and 2020. The district Chakwal has up to 0.92 °C, 1.35 °C, 1.12°C and 0.81°C higher Tmin, Tmax, Tmean and diurnal temperature variation (DTV) respectively, compared to Islamabad particularly for the 2019 vintage. The results of the present study revealed that the warmer site (Chakwal) has significantly (P ≤0.05) higher juice pH, TSS (°brix) and maturity indices (MI) particularly for the relatively hotter vintage of 2019. Interestingly, MI was 33% higher for the relatively warmer vintage of 2019 compared to 2020 with relatively lower acidity (up to 38%). Moreover, higher titratable acidity (11.2%), ascorbic acid (28.5%), polyphenols (20.3%) and anthocyanins (10.6%) were noticed for the colder Islamabad compared to Chakwal. Although elevated temperature for warmer location and vintage favoured berry ripening, however key biochemical attributes such as titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, polyphenols and anthocyanins were negatively affected. The findings of the present research provide useful insight into the impact of growing season temperature on key berry attributes and may help devise adaptation strategies to improve berry quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Rafique
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Azam Khan
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Gashu K, Verma PK, Acuña T, Agam N, Bustan A, Fait A. Temperature differences between sites lead to altered phenylpropanoid metabolism in a varietal dependent manner. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1239852. [PMID: 37929177 PMCID: PMC10620969 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1239852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated temperature has already caused a significant loss of wine growing areas and resulted in inferior fruit quality, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The existence of broad genetic diversity in V. vinifera is key in adapting viticulture to climate change; however, a lack of understanding on the variability in berry metabolic response to climate change remains a major challenge to build ad-hoc strategies for quality fruit production. In the present study, we examined the impact of a consistent temperature difference between two vineyards on polyphenol metabolism in the berries of 20 red V. vinifera cultivars across three consecutive seasons (2017-2019). The results emphasize a varietal specific response in the content of several phenylpropanoid metabolites; the interaction factor between the variety and the vineyard location was also found significant. Higher seasonal temperatures were coupled with lower flavonol and anthocyanin contents, but such reductions were not related with the level of expression of phenylpropanoid related genes. Hierarchical clustering analyses of the metabolic data revealed varieties with a location specific response, exceptional among them was Tempranillo, suggesting a greater susceptibility to temperature of this cultivar. In conclusion, our results indicate that the extensive genetic capacity of V. vinifera bears a significant potential to withstand temperature increase associated with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelem Gashu
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'ersheba, Israel
| | - Pankaj Kumar Verma
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'ersheba, Israel
| | - Tania Acuña
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'ersheba, Israel
| | - Nurit Agam
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'ersheba, Israel
| | - Amnon Bustan
- Ramat Negev Desert Agro-Research Center, Ramat Negev Works Ltd., Hazula, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'ersheba, Israel
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Rafique R, Ahmad T, Ahmed M, Khan MA, Wilkerson CJ, Hoogenboom G. Seasonal variability in the effect of temperature on key phenological stages of four table grapes cultivars. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:745-759. [PMID: 36943495 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Progressive warming of the grape growing regions has reduced the land capability for sustainable grapevine production and the geographical distribution of grapes. Bud burst, blooming, berry set, veraison, and harvest are the key phenological stages of grapevine, and are crucial for managing vineyard activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seasonal temperature variability on the timing of key phenological stages of table grape cultivars in a new emerging viticulture region, i.e., the Pothwar region of Pakistan. Phenological stages of four table grape cultivars were recorded during two consecutive growing seasons at two locations. All phenological stages were attained earlier for the relatively warmer location, i.e., Chakwal. Similarly, the length of the growing season from bud burst to harvest was 15 to 21 days longer for the 2020 growing season than for the 2019 growing season, which corresponds to the inter-annual temperature variability. Moreover, the grapevine cultivars showed a distinct response for each growth phase; cv. Perlette matured earlier while cv. NARC Black was the last to ripen. Despite the large variability in the length of the active growing period from bud burst to harvest, accumulated growing degree days (GDD) varied only in a narrow range, i.e., 1510-1557 for cv. Perlette, 1641-1683 for cv. King's Ruby, 1744-1770 for cv. Sugraone, and 1869-1906 for cv. NARC Black. This implies that seasonal temperature variability using GDD is a better indicator for the phenology of table grape cultivars compared to regular time. It is clear from the results from this study that the variation in phenological responses of table grape cultivars due to temperature differences necessitates genotype and site-specific vineyard management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Rafique
- Department of Horticulture, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Touqeer Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- National Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azam Khan
- Department of Horticulture, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Gerrit Hoogenboom
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Global Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Perin C, Verma PK, Harari G, Suued Y, Harel M, Ferman-Mintz D, Drori E, Netzer Y, Fait A. Influence of late pruning practice on two red skin grapevine cultivars in a semi-desert climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1114696. [PMID: 36844090 PMCID: PMC9945113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1114696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Continually increasing global temperature could severely affect grape berry metabolite accumulation and ultimately wine polyphenol concentration and color intensity. To explore the effect of late shoot pruning on grape berry and wine metabolite composition, field trials were carried out on Vitis vinifera cv. Malbec and cv. Syrah grafted on 110 Richter rootstock. Fifty-one metabolites were detected and unequivocally annotated employing UPLC-MS based metabolite profiling. Integrating the data using hierarchical clustering showed a significant effect of late pruning treatments on must and wine metabolites. Syrah metabolite profiles were characterized by a general trend of higher metabolite content in the late shoot pruning treatments, while Malbec profiles did not show a consistent trend. In summary, late shoot pruning exerts a significant effect, though varietal specific, on must and wine quality-related metabolites, possibly related to enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, which should be taken into consideration when planning mitigating strategies in warm climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Perin
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pankaj Kumar Verma
- Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Elyashiv Drori
- Eastern Regional R&D Center, Ariel, Israel
- Chemical engineering Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Yishai Netzer
- Eastern Regional R&D Center, Ariel, Israel
- Chemical engineering Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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Charnock HM, Pickering GJ, Kemp BS. The Maillard reaction in traditional method sparkling wine. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979866. [PMID: 36090075 PMCID: PMC9459140 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Maillard reaction between sugars and amino acids, peptides, or proteins generates a myriad of aroma compounds through complex and multi-step reaction pathways. While the Maillard has been primarily studied in the context of thermally processed foods, Maillard-associated products including thiazoles, furans, and pyrazines have been identified in aged sparkling wines, with associated bready, roasted, and caramel aromas. Sparkling wines produced in the bottle-fermented traditional method (Méthode Champenoise) have been the primary focus of studies related to Maillard-associated compounds in sparkling wine, and these wines undergo two sequential fermentations, with the second taking place in the final wine bottle. Due to the low temperature (15 ± 3°C) and low pH (pH 3-4) conditions during production and aging, we conclude that Maillard interactions may not proceed past intermediate stages. Physicochemical factors that affect the Maillard reaction are considered in the context of sparkling wine, particularly related to pH-dependent reaction pathways and existing literature pertaining to low temperature and/or low pH Maillard activity. A focus on the origins and composition of precursor species (amino acids and sugars) in sparkling wines is presented, as well as the potential role of metal ions in accelerating the Maillard reaction. Understanding the contributions of individual physicochemical factors to the Maillard reaction in sparkling wine enables a clearer understanding of reaction pathways and sensory outcomes. Advancements in analytical techniques for monitoring the Maillard reaction are also described, and important areas of future research on this topic are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Charnock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Gary J. Pickering
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute (CCOVI), Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- National Wine and Grape Industry Center, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Belinda S. Kemp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute (CCOVI), Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Bai H, Gambetta GA, Wang Y, Kong J, Long Q, Fan P, Duan W, Liang Z, Dai Z. Historical long-term cultivar×climate suitability data to inform viticultural adaptation to climate change. Sci Data 2022; 9:271. [PMID: 35668102 PMCID: PMC9170713 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape quality is regulated by complex interactions between environments and cultivars. Growing suitable cultivars in a given region is essential for maintaining viticulture sustainability, particularly in the face of climate change. We created a database composed of three different subsets of data. The first subset was created by digitizing and curating the seminal report of Amerine and Winkler (1944), which provided grape harvest dates (GHDs), the quality of musts and wines, and wine tasting notes for 148 cultivars from 1935–1941 across five contrasting climatic regions of California. To put this dataset into a climate change context, we collected GHDs and must sugar content (°Brix) records from 1991 to 2018 for four representative cultivars in one of the five studied regions (Napa). Finally, we integrated meteorological data of the five regions during 1911–2018 and calculated bioclimatic indices important for grape. The resulting database is unique and valuable for assessing the fitness between cultivars across environments in order to mitigate the effects of climate change.Design Type(s) | Cultivars design • Regions design | Measurement Type(s) | Climate data • Harvest date • Quality • Tasting notes | Technology Type(s) | Phenology characterization • Quality determination | Sample Characteristic(s) | Grape harvest dates • °Brix • Tannin • Total acid • pH • Alcohol • Fixed acid • Extract | Measurement(s) | maximum air temperature • minimum air temperature • total soluble solids (oBrix) • must total acid • must pH • wine alcohol • wine extract • wine tannin • wine total acid • wine volatile acid | Technology Type(s) | weather station • a oBrix hydrometer • titration with sodium hydroxide to a phenolphthalein end point • a quinhydrone electrode or a Beckman pH meter • hydrometer • a special 0° to 8° Balling hydrometer • the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists method • titration with phenolphthalein as an indicator • titration with pretreated wines by method II of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists |
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Gregory A Gambetta
- EGFV, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRAe, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yongjian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Junhua Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qinqin Long
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Gashu K, Song C, Dubey AK, Acuña T, Sagi M, Agam N, Bustan A, Fait A. The Effect of Topo-Climate Variation on the Secondary Metabolism of Berries in White Grapevine Varieties ( Vitis vinifera). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:847268. [PMID: 35350300 PMCID: PMC8958008 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting consistent differences in radiation and average air temperature between two experimental vineyards (Ramat Negev, RN and Mitzpe Ramon, MR), we examined the impact of climate variations on total carotenoids, redox status, and phenylpropanoid metabolism in the berries of 10 white wine grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivars across three consecutive seasons (2017-2019). The differences in carotenoid and phenylpropanoid contents between sites were seasonal and varietal dependent. However, the warmer RN site was generally associated with higher H2O2 levels and carotenoid degradation, and lower flavonol contents than the cooler MR site. Enhanced carotenoid degradation was positively correlated with radiation and daily degree days, leading to a greater drop in content from véraison to harvest in Colombard, Sauvignon Blanc, and Semillon berries. Analyses of berry H2O2 and phenylpropanoids suggested differences between cultivars in the links between H2O2 and flavonol contents. Generally, however, grapes with higher H2O2 content seem to have lower flavonol contents. Correlative network analyses revealed that phenylpropanoids at the warmer RN site are tightly linked to the radiation and temperature regimes during fruit ripening, indicating potentially harmful effect of warmer climates on berry quality. Specifically, flavan-3-ols were negatively correlated with radiation at RN. Principal component analysis showed that Muscat Blanc, Riesling, Semillon, and Sauvignon Blanc were the most site sensitive cultivars. Our results suggest that grapevine biodiversity is likely the key to withstand global warming hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelem Gashu
- Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Chao Song
- Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Arvind Kumar Dubey
- Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Tania Acuña
- Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Moshe Sagi
- Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Nurit Agam
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Amnon Bustan
- Ramat Negev Desert Agro-Research Center, Ramat Negev Works Ltd., Halutza, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Phenotypic variation of fruit and ecophysiological traits among maqui (Aristotelia chilensis [Molina] Stuntz) provenances established in a common garden. Sci Rep 2022; 12:185. [PMID: 34997037 PMCID: PMC8741926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The domestication of forest species has traditionally relied on productivity issues. However, today there are concerns about the potential responses of natural populations and new cultivars to extreme climatic conditions derived from climate change and how to incorporate this knowledge into the domestication programs. Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz ('Maqui') is a widely distributed native species in Chile. Its berry is considered a "super fruit" with an increasing interest in the food industry. This study investigated the phenotypic variation of growth, fruit, and ecophysiological traits of 20 A. chilensis clones originated from six provenances along the latitudinal gradient and established in a common-garden experiment in the Mediterranean zone of central Chile (center part of the species distribution). Differences among provenances were observed for most of the traits under study, especially between the northern and southernmost provenances (i.e., San Fernando versus Entre Lagos). Northern provenances showed higher development of vegetative tissue and fruit yield but lower intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEint) compared with southern ones. Clonal variation within provenances was found significant for the ripening index, WUEint, and fruit number and weight but not significant for traits related to the crown and leaf morphology. A genetic differentiation due to latitudinal cline was not evident in this study, but differences among provenances suggest local adaptation for some traits. The genotypic variation in productive traits must be considered in the outgoing domestication of the species and future selection programs.
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Carvalho LC, Gonçalves EF, Marques da Silva J, Costa JM. Potential Phenotyping Methodologies to Assess Inter- and Intravarietal Variability and to Select Grapevine Genotypes Tolerant to Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:718202. [PMID: 34764964 PMCID: PMC8575754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.718202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenotyping is an emerging science that combines multiple methodologies and protocols to measure plant traits (e.g., growth, morphology, architecture, function, and composition) at multiple scales of organization. Manual phenotyping remains as a major bottleneck to the advance of plant and crop breeding. Such constraint fostered the development of high throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP), which is largely based on imaging approaches and automatized data retrieval and processing. Field phenotyping still poses major challenges and the progress of HTPP for field conditions can be relevant to support selection and breeding of grapevine. The aim of this review is to discuss potential and current methods to improve field phenotyping of grapevine to support characterization of inter- and intravarietal diversity. Vitis vinifera has a large genetic diversity that needs characterization, and the availability of methods to support selection of plant material (polyclonal or clonal) able to withstand abiotic stress is paramount. Besides being time consuming, complex and expensive, field experiments are also affected by heterogeneous and uncontrolled climate and soil conditions, mostly due to the large areas of the trials and to the high number of traits to be observed in a number of individuals ranging from hundreds to thousands. Therefore, adequate field experimental design and data gathering methodologies are crucial to obtain reliable data. Some of the major challenges posed to grapevine selection programs for tolerance to water and heat stress are described herein. Useful traits for selection and related field phenotyping methodologies are described and their adequacy for large scale screening is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa C. Carvalho
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food – Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa F. Gonçalves
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food – Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J. Miguel Costa
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food – Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Monder H, Maillard M, Chérel I, Zimmermann SD, Paris N, Cuéllar T, Gaillard I. Adjustment of K + Fluxes and Grapevine Defense in the Face of Climate Change. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10398. [PMID: 34638737 PMCID: PMC8508874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops due to the high value of its fruit and its importance in winemaking. The current decrease in grape berry quality and production can be seen as the consequence of various abiotic constraints imposed by climate changes. Specifically, produced wines have become too sweet, with a stronger impression of alcohol and fewer aromatic qualities. Potassium is known to play a major role in grapevine growth, as well as grape composition and wine quality. Importantly, potassium ions (K+) are involved in the initiation and maintenance of the berry loading process during ripening. Moreover, K+ has also been implicated in various defense mechanisms against abiotic stress. The first part of this review discusses the main negative consequences of the current climate, how they disturb the quality of grape berries at harvest and thus ultimately compromise the potential to obtain a great wine. In the second part, the essential electrical and osmotic functions of K+, which are intimately dependent on K+ transport systems, membrane energization, and cell K+ homeostasis, are presented. This knowledge will help to select crops that are better adapted to adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein Monder
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Morgan Maillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Sabine Dagmar Zimmermann
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Nadine Paris
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Teresa Cuéllar
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
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