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Fernandez R, Crabos A, Maillard M, Nacry P, Pradal C. High-throughput and automatic structural and developmental root phenotyping on Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Methods 2022; 18:127. [PMID: 36457133 PMCID: PMC9714072 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput phenotyping is crucial for the genetic and molecular understanding of adaptive root system development. In recent years, imaging automata have been developed to acquire the root system architecture of many genotypes grown in Petri dishes to explore the Genetic x Environment (GxE) interaction. There is now an increasing interest in understanding the dynamics of the adaptive responses, such as the organ apparition or the growth rate. However, due to the increasing complexity of root architectures in development, the accurate description of the topology, geometry, and dynamics of a growing root system remains a challenge. RESULTS We designed a high-throughput phenotyping method, combining an imaging device and an automatic analysis pipeline based on registration and topological tracking, capable of accurately describing the topology and geometry of observed root systems in 2D + t. The method was tested on a challenging Arabidopsis seedling dataset, including numerous root occlusions and crossovers. Static phenes are estimated with high accuracy ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for primary and second-order roots length, respectively). These performances are similar to state-of-the-art results obtained on root systems of equal or lower complexity. In addition, our pipeline estimates dynamic phenes accurately between two successive observations ([Formula: see text] for lateral root growth). CONCLUSIONS We designed a novel method of root tracking that accurately and automatically measures both static and dynamic parameters of the root system architecture from a novel high-throughput root phenotyping platform. It has been used to characterise developing patterns of root systems grown under various environmental conditions. It provides a solid basis to explore the GxE interaction controlling the dynamics of root system architecture adaptive responses. In future work, our approach will be adapted to a wider range of imaging configurations and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fernandez
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, 34398, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Crabos
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier (IPSiM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Morgan Maillard
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier (IPSiM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Nacry
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier (IPSiM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Christophe Pradal
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, 34398, Montpellier, France.
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
- Inria & LIRMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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Monder H, Maillard M, Chérel I, Zimmermann SD, Paris N, Cuéllar T, Gaillard I. Adjustment of K + Fluxes and Grapevine Defense in the Face of Climate Change. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10398. [PMID: 34638737 PMCID: PMC8508874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops due to the high value of its fruit and its importance in winemaking. The current decrease in grape berry quality and production can be seen as the consequence of various abiotic constraints imposed by climate changes. Specifically, produced wines have become too sweet, with a stronger impression of alcohol and fewer aromatic qualities. Potassium is known to play a major role in grapevine growth, as well as grape composition and wine quality. Importantly, potassium ions (K+) are involved in the initiation and maintenance of the berry loading process during ripening. Moreover, K+ has also been implicated in various defense mechanisms against abiotic stress. The first part of this review discusses the main negative consequences of the current climate, how they disturb the quality of grape berries at harvest and thus ultimately compromise the potential to obtain a great wine. In the second part, the essential electrical and osmotic functions of K+, which are intimately dependent on K+ transport systems, membrane energization, and cell K+ homeostasis, are presented. This knowledge will help to select crops that are better adapted to adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein Monder
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Morgan Maillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Sabine Dagmar Zimmermann
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Nadine Paris
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Teresa Cuéllar
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
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Thomas F, Maillard M, Launay M, Tron C, Etienne-Grimaldi MC, Gautier-Veyret E, Haufroid V, Pallet N, Royer B, Narjoz C, Schmitt A. Artificial increase of uracilemia during fluoropyrimidine treatment can lead to DPD deficiency misinterpretation. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:810-811. [PMID: 33662499 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Thomas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Claudius Regaud Institute, IUCT-O, Toulouse Cedex 09, France; Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037/ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse Cedex 01, France.
| | - M Maillard
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Claudius Regaud Institute, IUCT-O, Toulouse Cedex 09, France; Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM U1037/ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse Cedex 01, France
| | - M Launay
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Center of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - C Tron
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, University Hospital Center of Rennes, Rennes Cedex 09, France
| | - M-C Etienne-Grimaldi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, UPRC EA 7497, Cancer Center Antoine Lacassagne, Nice Cedex 02, France
| | - E Gautier-Veyret
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacogenetics and Toxicology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Center of Grenoble, INSERM U1042, Grenoble Cedex 09, France; HP2 Laboratory, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM U1042, Grenoble, France
| | - V Haufroid
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Clinical and Experimental Research Institute (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Clinical Chemistry Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Pallet
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - B Royer
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Center of Besançon, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - C Narjoz
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; INSERM U1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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Bonfante G, Roux-Marchand T, Audry-Deschamps MC, Renaud L, Kleimann P, Brioude A, Maillard M. Polarization mechanisms of dielectric materials at a binary liquid interface: impacts on electrowetting actuation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:30139-30146. [PMID: 29104979 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We explored polarization mechanisms at the interface between a dielectric material (an electrolyte) and an insulating liquid, during electrowetting actuation. Native surface charge density due to hydrophobic coating has been measured as an offset voltage for which the contact angle is at its minimum. Surface charge densities as low as 0.023 mC m-2 have been measured using this method, demonstrating that electrowetting can be used as a probe to measure native surface charge density. This effect strongly differs depending on the kind of polarization and is at the origin of major discrepancies between alternative and direct polarization during electrowetting actuation. A new model describing electrowetting actuation is also proposed, leading to a more predictive description as well as useful recommendations on materials to obtain a stable actuation under DC polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bonfante
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard LYON1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Christou F, Pivin E, Maillard M, Doenz F, Pechère-Bertschi A, Burnier M, Grouzmann E, Wuerzner G. [PP.27.04] COMPARISON BETWEEN CORTISOL, FREE METANEPHRINE AND THE FREE/TOTAL METANEPHRINE RATIO TO ASSESS SELECTIVITY OF ADRENAL VEIN SAMPLING. J Hypertens 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000523921.15935.b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bonfante G, Chevalliot S, Toury B, Berge B, Maillard M. Two-liquid wetting properties as a surface polarity probe for hydrophobic coatings. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3214-3218. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method to measure surface energy based on competitive spreading of immiscible liquids is reported. This method is more sensitive to surface polarity than standard methods and provides information on surface chemistry and pH sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Bonfante
- Varioptic
- Parrot SA Bâtiment Tony Garnier
- 69007 Lyon
- France
- Université de Lyon
| | - S. Chevalliot
- Varioptic
- Parrot SA Bâtiment Tony Garnier
- 69007 Lyon
- France
| | - B. Toury
- Université de Lyon
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces
- UMR 5615
- CNRS-Université Lyon 1 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
| | - B. Berge
- Varioptic
- Parrot SA Bâtiment Tony Garnier
- 69007 Lyon
- France
| | - M. Maillard
- Varioptic
- Parrot SA Bâtiment Tony Garnier
- 69007 Lyon
- France
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Maillard M, Boujlel J, Coussot P. Solid-solid transition in Landau-Levich flow with soft-jammed systems. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:068304. [PMID: 24580715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.068304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the Landau-Levich problem, i.e., withdrawal of a plate from a bath of fluid, in the case of a soft-jammed system, which involves a transition from a solid bath to a solid layer stuck on the plate. We show that this solid-solid transition is prepared inside the bath before the emersion from the fluid, through the existence of a uniform (boundary) layer in the liquid regime along the plate. This layer controls the original characteristics of the (solid) coated layer, whose thickness is almost independent of the velocity but proportional to the material yield stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maillard
- Laboratoire Navier (ENPC-IFSTTAR-CNRS), Université Paris-Est, Champs sur Marne 77420, France
| | - J Boujlel
- Laboratoire Navier (ENPC-IFSTTAR-CNRS), Université Paris-Est, Champs sur Marne 77420, France and SVI (Saint-Gobain-CNRS), Aubervilliers 93300, France
| | - P Coussot
- Laboratoire Navier (ENPC-IFSTTAR-CNRS), Université Paris-Est, Champs sur Marne 77420, France
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Gianotti N, Galli L, Salpietro S, Cernuschi M, Bossolasco S, Maillard M, Spagnuolo V, Canducci F, Clementi M, Lazzarin A, Castagna A. Virological rebound in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with or without residual viraemia: results from an extended follow-up. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 19:E542-4. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Artunc F, Azaz A, Haenisch N, Roerden M, Cordts T, Arnold F, Kerjaschki D, Ruegg M, Hall M, Huber T, Grahammer F, Mordasini D, Maillard M, Hummler E, Burnier M, Vogt B. Novel epithelial cell models. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Gianotti N, Galli L, Bocchiola B, Cahua T, Panzini P, Zandonà D, Salpietro S, Maillard M, Danise A, Pazzi A, Lazzarin A, Castagna A. Number of daily pills, dosing schedule, self-reported adherence and health status in 2010: a large cross-sectional study of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2012; 14:153-60. [PMID: 22994659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2012.01046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess whether pill burden is associated with self-reported adherence to current combination antiretroviral regimens and health status in a large sample of unselected and chronically treated HIV-infected patients. METHODS An adherence and health status questionnaire was offered to all patients collecting their drugs between March and May 2010 at our clinic; both parameters were primarily evaluated using a visual analogue scale. Linear correlations were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Wilcoxon's rank-sum test and the χ(2) test were used to compare quantitative and qualitative variables. The generalized linear model was used in multivariable analyses. RESULTS Among 2763 subjects on treatment during the study period, 2114 (78.8% male; mean age 46.9 ± 8.84 years) were tested for adherence; 1803 (85.3%) had viral loads < 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL. After adjusting for age, gender, HIV risk factor, current CD4 count, pill burden and dosing interval, adherence was higher in patients with undetectable HIV RNA (P < 0.0001) and directly associated with current CD4 count (P = 0.029). After adjusting for the same variables, health status was better in patients with undetectable viraemia (P = 0.004) and in men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexuals compared with injecting drug users and those with other risk factors (P < 0.0001 for MSM and P = 0.008 for heterosexuals); it was also directly associated with current CD4 count (P < 0.0001) and inversely associated with age (P < 0.0001) and pill burden (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS In this highly adherent population, the number of daily pills was related to self-reported health status but not to self-reported adherence, whereas the dosing interval did not influence self-reported adherence or health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gianotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffalele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Maillard M, Novellas S, Baudin G, Evesque L, Bellmann L, Gugenheim J, Chevallier P. Placement of metallic biliary endoprostheses in complex hilar tumours. Diagn Interv Imaging 2012; 93:767-74. [PMID: 22921689 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the technical success, clinical success and complications after 1 month of percutaneous biliary drainage with the placement of several metallic endoprostheses in complex hilar liver tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study, on a homogenous target population of 68 consecutive patients, who underwent multiple percutaneous biliary drainage for complex hilar tumour (Bismuth type II, III and IV) between August 1998 and August 2010. Patients benefiting from previous endoscopic drainage were excluded from the study. The clinical data, biological data, imaging and interventional radiology procedures were studied. RESULTS The rate of success of the technique was 98.5% and the clinical rate of success was 84% after 1 week and 93% after 1 month. The rate of minor and major complications was 25 and 13% respectively. CONCLUSION Multiple percutaneous biliary drainage in complex hilar tumour is a safe and effective first intention procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maillard
- Department of medical imaging, centre hospitalier régional et universitaire de Nice, hôpital L'Archet-2, Nice cedex, France.
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Hunter E, Taylor N, Fox CJ, Maillard M, Taylor MI. Effectiveness of TaqMan probes for detection of fish eggs and larvae in the stomach contents of a teleost predator. J Fish Biol 2012; 81:320-328. [PMID: 22747822 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted on the ability of TaqMan molecular probes to detect plaice Pleuronectes platessa DNA from eggs, and cod Gadus morhua DNA from eggs and larvae following ingestion by a teleost predator, whiting Merlangius merlangus. Estimated half-life detection rate (T50) for eggs was 31 h, and 26 h for larvae, with some positive detections occurring even after visual inspection indicated complete gut clearance. Because TaqMan probes are taxon specific, the results presented demonstrate that this technique can provide a means of rapid and unambiguous detection of predation by teleosts on fish eggs and larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hunter
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 OHT, U.K.
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Zanchi A, Maillard M, Jornayvaz FR, Vinciguerra M, Deleaval P, Nussberger J, Burnier M, Pechere-Bertschi A. Effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist pioglitazone on renal and hormonal responses to salt in diabetic and hypertensive individuals. Diabetologia 2010; 53:1568-75. [PMID: 20414637 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glitazones are powerful insulin sensitisers prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Their use is, however, associated with fluid retention and an increased risk of congestive heart failure. We previously demonstrated that pioglitazone increases proximal sodium reabsorption in healthy volunteers. This study examines the effects of pioglitazone on renal sodium handling in individuals prone to insulin resistance, i.e. those with diabetes and/or hypertension. METHODS In this double-blind randomised placebo-controlled four-way crossover study, we examined the effects of pioglitazone (45 mg daily during 6 weeks) or placebo on renal, systemic and hormonal responses to changes in sodium intake in 16 individuals, eight with type 2 diabetes and eight with hypertension. RESULTS Pioglitazone was associated with a rapid increase in body weight and an increase in diurnal proximal sodium reabsorption, without any change in renal haemodynamics or in the modulation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system to changes in salt intake. A compensatory increase in brain natriuretic peptide levels was observed. In spite of sodium retention, pioglitazone dissociated the blood-pressure response to salt and abolished salt sensitivity in salt-sensitive individuals. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Pioglitazone increases diurnal proximal sodium retention in diabetic and hypertensive individuals. These effects cause fluid retention and may contribute to the increased incidence of congestive heart failure with glitazones. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01090752 FUNDING Hypertension Research Foundation Lausanne.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zanchi
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Padovani B, Ducreux D, Macario S, Maillard M, Iannessi A, Brunner P, Mouroux J. Imagerie du thorax post-opératoire : les aspects normaux. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 90:991-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(09)73237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signals through serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular Smad transcription factors. An important regulatory step involves specific ubiquitination by Smurfs (Smad–ubiquitin regulatory factors), members of the HECT (homologous to E6-associated protein C-terminus) ubiquitin ligase family, which mediate the proteasomal degradation of Smads and/or receptors. Recently, we have defined a novel interaction between Smads and UCH37 (ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 37), a DUB (de-ubiquitinating enzyme) that could potentially counteract Smurf-mediated ubiquitination. We have demonstrated specific interactions between UCH37 and inhibitory Smad7, as well as weaker associations with Smad2 and Smad3. Importantly, Smad7 can act as an adaptor able to recruit UCH37 to the type I TGF-β receptor. Consequently, UCH37 dramatically up-regulates TGF-β-dependent gene expression by de-ubiquitinating and stabilizing the type I TGF-β receptor. Our findings suggest that competing effects of ubiquitin ligases and DUBs in complex with Smad7 can serve to fine-tune responses to TGF-βs under various physiological and pathological conditions. Studies are currently under way using activity-based HA (haemagglutinin)-tagged ubiquitin probes to identify the full spectrum of DUBs that impact on Smad/TGF-β signalling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Wicks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Bankir L, Sellin F, Maillard M, Chiolero A, Burnier M. [Influence of moderate body weight excess on the nycthemeral pattern of blood pressure, renal function and sodium and water excretion in patients with essential hypertension]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2004; 97:777-81. [PMID: 15506065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for arterial hypertension. We studied the relationships between the body mass index (BMI) and the nycthemeral pattern of blood pressure (BP), renal function and sodium and water excretion (EX) in a group of 25 moderately hypertensive untreated men (41 +/- 2 y, 80 +/- 3 kg). Subjects were given a high sodium diet (6 g NaCl added to their usual diet, daily EX=200 mmol). On the 7th day, BP was monitored during 24 h and urine collected in 2 fractions (day=D, 8:00-22:00 and night=N, 22:00-8:00). Subjects were a posteriori divided into 2 groups according to the median BMI (26 kg/m2): Group 1, n=12, BMI 23.2 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SEM) and Group 2, n=13, BMI 29.2 +/- 0.5 kg/m2. No difference was observed between the two groups for age, 24 h urine and sodium EX, or systolic and diastolic BP. However, heart rate was significantly higher during N in Group 2 (66 +/- 2 vs 57 +/- 2 b/min, p=0.012). Na and water EX were significantly higher during D than during N in Group 1, but lower during D than during N in Group 2. Creatinine clearance was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 especially during N (D+29%, p=0.013; N+49%, p<0.001). In Group 2, subjects concentrated their urine more than in Group 1, as evaluated from the urine/plasma creatinine ratio (+49%, p=0.019). This ratio was positively correlated to BMI during D (r=0.561, p=0.004) but not during N. These results show that the glomerular hyperfiltration associated with overweight is more intense at night and that moderately overweight hypertensives have a reduced sodium and water EX during the day and a compensatory larger EX at night. The reduced diurnal EX goes along with an increased urine concentration. The nocturnal rise in EX is concomittant with a rise in heart rate. Given the growing health problems linked to obesity and hypertension, these results open a new field for the understanding of the difficulty to excrete sodium in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bankir
- INSERM Unité 367, Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris, France.
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Gianotti N, Boeri E, Maillard M, Serra G, Ratti D, Gallotta G, Vacchini D, Tremolada Y, Castagna A. In vivo dynamics of the 103N mutation following the withdrawal of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-infected patients: preliminary results. New Microbiol 2004; 27:111-7. [PMID: 15646073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the preferential selection of the fittest HIV mutants, drug-resistant variants are often overgrown by wild-type virus after treatment interruption. Our objective was to investigate the dynamics of the 103N mutation (which usually does not reduce HIV fitness) following the withdrawal of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Patients who were found to have the 103N mutation at or after failure of a NNRTI were selected from an observational database. Two groups of patients were identified: one which continued antiretroviral treatment without NNRTIs (group A) and one which discontinued all anti-retrovirals after failure of an NNRTI (group B). Genotype was obtained by direct sequencing of the replicating plasma virus. Sixty-two subjects tested between July 1998 and December 2002 were included in the analysis, 39 in group A and 23 in group B. At the time of the first resistance test, median (IQR) CD4+ T-lymphocytes and HIV-RNA were 269 (150-449) cells/microL and 25,000 (9,600-83,300) copies/mL. In 31 (50%), 30 (48%), and one case (2%), the 103N mutation was selected by nevirapine, efavirenz, and by delavirdine, respectively. A total of 149 tests were analyzed, with a median (IQR) of 2 (2-3) tests/patient. The median (IQR) interval between failure of NNRTIs and the last resistance test was 11 (5-22) months. Overall, a reversion to wild-type at position 103 was observed in 23/62 (37%) subjects, 14/39 (36%) in group A and 9/23 (39%) in group B. In group A, 14/23 (61%) patients tested within 12 months, 10/16 (63%) of those tested between 12 and 24 months, and 12/14 (86%) of those tested beyond 24 months from NNRTI discontinuation had the 103N mutation. In group B, 14/20 (70%) patients tested within 12 months, 3/4 (75%) of those tested between 12 and 24 months, and none out of two tested beyond 24 months from NNRTI discontinuation had the 103N mutation. In conclusion, following NNRTI discontinuation, in the majority of patients HIV variants carrying the 103N mutation are not overgrown for long by wild-type quasispecies at this position. This suggests that the 103N mutation per se influences minimally the viral fitness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gianotti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Arbouet A, Voisin C, Christofilos D, Langot P, Fatti ND, Vallée F, Lermé J, Celep G, Cottancin E, Gaudry M, Pellarin M, Broyer M, Maillard M, Pileni MP, Treguer M. Electron-phonon scattering in metal clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:177401. [PMID: 12786103 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.177401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electron-lattice energy exchanges are investigated in gold and silver nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 30 to 2.2 nm embedded in different environments. Femtosecond pump-probe experiments performed in the low-perturbation regime demonstrate a strong increase of the intrinsic electron-phonon interaction for nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm due to a confinement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arbouet
- Centre de Physique Moléculaire Optique et Hertzienne, CNRS and Université Bordeaux I, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
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21
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Maillard M, Leach L. The effect of hyperglycaemia on expression and re-distribution of VE-cadherin in human endothelial cells. J Anat 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00047_10.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Burnier M, Maillard M. The comparative pharmacology of angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Blood Press Suppl 2002; 1:6-11. [PMID: 11333013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Several orally active non-peptide angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists are now available for the treatment of hypertension. These agents have a common mechanism of action--blockade of the binding of angiotensin II to the subtype 1 receptor--and their binding to this receptor is generally insurmountable. There are some pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences between these antagonists, which may reflect in their clinical efficacy, especially at the end of the dosing interval. Losartan has an active metabolite that prolongs its duration of action, and candesartan cilexetil requires conversion to an active form after administration. Telmisartan has the longest duration of action, with a terminal elimination half-life of around 24 h in comparison with 11-15 h for irbesartan, the agent with the next longest half-life. The long duration of action and insurmountable binding to the receptor may be related to the slow dissociation kinetics of the antagonists from the AT1 receptor. Comparative clinical studies suggest that at the recommended dose losartan, the original drug in this class, has a lower antihypertensive efficacy than the newer agents, such as telmisartan. It is possible that these differences between angiotensin II receptor antagonists are due to variations in the degree and duration of receptor blockade, and may be of clinical significance with regard to the cardioprotective and renoprotective effects of this class of antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burnier
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Maillard M. Molecular basis for the insurmountable AT-1 receptor antagonism of telmisartan. Am J Hypertens 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(01)01345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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24
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Würzner G, Chiolero A, Maillard M, Nussberger J, Hayoz D, Brunner HR, Burnier M. Renal and neurohormonal responses to increasing levels of lower body negative pressure in men. Kidney Int 2001; 60:1469-76. [PMID: 11576361 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stimulation of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity induces sequential changes in renin secretion, sodium excretion, and renal hemodynamics that are proportional to the magnitude of the stimulation of sympathetic nerves. This study in men investigated the sequence of the changes in proximal and distal renal sodium handling, renal and systemic hemodynamics, as well as the hormonal profile occurring during a sustained activation of the sympathetic nervous system induced by various levels of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). METHODS Ten healthy subjects were submitted to three levels of LBNP ranging between 0 and -22.5 mm Hg for one hour according to a triple crossover design, with a minimum of five days between each level of LBNP. Systemic and renal hemodynamics, renal water and sodium handling (using the endogenous lithium clearance technique), and the neurohormonal profile were measured before, during, and after LBNP. RESULTS LBNP (0 to -22.5 mm Hg) induced an important hormonal response characterized by a significant stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and gradual activations of the vasopressin and the renin-angiotensin systems. LBNP also gradually reduced water excretion and increased urinary osmolality. A significant decrease in sodium excretion was apparent only at -22.5 mm Hg. It was independent of any change in the glomerular filtration rate and was mediated essentially by an increased sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule (a significant decrease in lithium clearance, P < 0.05). No significant change in renal hemodynamics was found at the tested levels of LBNP. As observed experimentally, there appeared to be a clear sequence of responses to LBNP, the neurohormonal response occurring before the changes in water and sodium excretion, these latter preceding any change in renal hemodynamics. CONCLUSIONS These data show that the renal sodium retention developing during LBNP, and thus sympathetic nervous stimulation, is due mainly to an increase in sodium reabsorption by the proximal segments of the nephron. Our results in humans also confirm that, depending on its magnitude, LBNP leads to a step-by-step activation of neurohormonal, renal tubular, and renal hemodynamic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Würzner
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Würzner G, Gerster JC, Chiolero A, Maillard M, Fallab-Stubi CL, Brunner HR, Burnier M. Comparative effects of losartan and irbesartan on serum uric acid in hypertensive patients with hyperuricaemia and gout. J Hypertens 2001; 19:1855-60. [PMID: 11593107 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200110000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Losartan has been shown to increase urinary uric acid excretion and hence to lower serum uric acid levels. The purposes of the present study were: (1) to evaluate the effects of losartan on serum uric acid in hypertensive patients with hyperuricemia and gout, (2) to compare the effects of losartan with those of irbesartan, another angiotensin II receptor antagonist and (3) to evaluate whether losartan 50 mg b.i.d. has a greater impact on serum uric acid levels than losartan 50 mg once a day. METHODS Thirteen hypertensive patients with hyperuricaemia and gout completed this prospective, randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. Uric acid-lowering drugs were stopped 3 weeks before the beginning of the study. Patients were randomized to receive either losartan 50 mg or irbesartan 150 mg once a day, for 4 weeks. During this phase, a placebo was given in the evening. After 4 weeks, the dose was increased to losartan 50 mg b.i.d., or irbesartan 150 mg b.i.d. for another 4 week period. Subsequently, the patients were switched to the alternative treatment modality. Enalapril (20 mg o.d.) was given during the run-in period and between the two treatment phases. Serum and urinary uric acid were measured at the beginning and at the end of each treatment phase. RESULTS Our results show that losartan 50 mg once daily decreased serum uric acid levels from 538 +/- 26 to 491 +/- 20 micromol/l (P < 0.01). Irbesartan had no effect on serum uric acid. Increasing the dose of losartan from 50 mg o.d. to 50 mg twice a day, did not further decrease serum uric acid. This may in part be due to a low compliance to the evening dose as measured with an electronic device. Indeed, whatever the prescribed drug, the mean compliance of the evening dose was always significantly lower than that of the morning dose. The uricosuric effect of losartan appears to decrease with time when a new steady state of lower serum uric acid is reached. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to irbesartan, losartan was uricosuric and decreased serum uric acid levels. Losartan 50 mg b.i.d. did not produce a greater fall in serum uric acid than losartan once a day. Losartan might be a useful therapeutic tool to control blood pressure and reduce serum uric acid levels in hypertensive patients with hyperuricaemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Würzner
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Maillard M, Cadot B, Ball RY, Sethia K, Edwards DR, Perbal B, Tatoud R. Differential expression of the ccn3 (nov) proto-oncogene in human prostate cell lines and tissues. Mol Pathol 2001; 54:275-80. [PMID: 11477145 PMCID: PMC1187081 DOI: 10.1136/mp.54.4.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the expression of the human ccn3 (hccn3; nov) proto-oncogene, a member of the CCN family of proteins, in prostate epithelial cells and prostate tissue samples. METHODS Normal adult prostate luminal epithelial cells immortalised by SV40 large T (PNT1A and PNT1B), metastatic tumours (LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3), and prostate tissue samples from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic adenocarcinoma were used. hccn3 (nov) mRNA was measured by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and hCCN3 (NOV) protein expression was determined by immunochemistry. RESULTS hccn3 (nov) RNA values were higher in PC-3 cells than in the other prostate cell lines. The immortalised normal cell lines either did not express hccn3 (nov) RNA (PNT1B) or expressed very low amounts (PNT1A). BPH samples expressed variable amounts of hccn3 (nov) RNA. With the use of immunocytochemistry, all cell lines except PNT1A and PNT1B were shown to contain hCCN3 (NOV) protein. hCCN3 (NOV) was localised mainly in the epithelial compartment of BPH and adenocarcinoma samples, and there was evidence of luminal secretion. CONCLUSION The overexpression of hccn3 (nov) RNA in cancer cell lines compared with other cell lines and its epithelial localisation in human prostate samples are consistent with a role for hCCN3 (NOV) in prostatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maillard
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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27
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Wang Q, Hummler E, Maillard M, Nussberger J, Rossier BC, Brunner HR, Burnier M. Compensatory up-regulation of angiotensin II subtype 1 receptors in alpha ENaC knockout heterozygous mice. Kidney Int 2001; 59:2216-21. [PMID: 11380824 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mice, a partial loss of function of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), which regulates sodium excretion in the distal nephron, causes pseudohypoaldosteronism, a salt-wasting syndrome. The purpose of the present experiments was to examine how alpha ENaC knockout heterozygous (+/-) mice, which have only one allele of the gene encoding for the alpha subunit of ENaC, control their blood pressure (BP) and sodium balance. METHODS BP, urinary electrolyte excretion, plasma renin activity, and urinary adosterone were measured in wild-type (+/+) and heterozygous (+/-) mice on a low, regular, or high sodium diet. In addition, the BP response to angiotensin II (Ang II) and to Ang II receptor blockade, and the number and affinity of Ang II subtype 1 (AT1) receptors in renal tissue were analyzed in both mouse strains on the three diets. RESULTS In comparison with wild-type mice (+/+), alpha ENaC heterozygous mutant mice (+/-) showed an intact capacity to maintain BP and sodium balance when studied on different sodium diets. However, no change in plasma renin activity was found in response to changes in sodium intake in alpha ENaC +/- mice. On a normal salt diet, heterozygous mice had an increased vascular responsiveness to exogenous Ang II (P < 0.01). Moreover, on a normal and low sodium intake, these mice exhibited an increase in the number of AT1 receptors in renal tissues; their BP lowered markedly during the Ang II receptor blockade (P < 0.01) and there was a clear tendency for an increase in urinary aldosterone excretion. CONCLUSIONS alpha ENaC heterozygous mice have developed an unusual mechanism of compensation leading to an activation of the renin-angiotensin system, that is, the up-regulation of AT1 receptors. This up-regulation may be due to an increase in aldosterone production.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/physiology
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/physiology
- Body Weight/physiology
- Epithelial Sodium Channels
- Genotype
- Heart Rate/physiology
- Heterozygote
- Hypertension, Renal/genetics
- Hypertension, Renal/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2
- Receptors, Angiotensin/metabolism
- Renin/blood
- Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics
- Sodium Channels/genetics
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Maillard
- Laboratoire SRSI, Université P. et M. Curie 4, Place Jussieu, BP 52, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - L. Motte
- Laboratoire SRSI, Université P. et M. Curie 4, Place Jussieu, BP 52, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - A. T. Ngo
- Laboratoire SRSI, Université P. et M. Curie 4, Place Jussieu, BP 52, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - M. P. Pileni
- Laboratoire SRSI, Université P. et M. Curie 4, Place Jussieu, BP 52, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Burnier M, Monod ML, Chioléro A, Maillard M, Nussberger J, Brunner HR. Renal sodium handling in acute and chronic salt loading/depletion protocols: the confounding influence of acute water loading. J Hypertens 2000; 18:1657-64. [PMID: 11081780 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200018110-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Renal tubular sodium handling was measured in healthy subjects submitted to acute and chronic salt-repletion/salt-depletion protocols. The goal was to compare the changes in proximal and distal sodium handling induced by the two procedures using the lithium clearance technique. METHODS In nine subjects, acute salt loading was obtained with a 2 h infusion of isotonic saline, and salt depletion was induced with a low-salt diet and furosemide. In the chronic protocol, 15 subjects randomly received a low-, a regular- and a high-sodium diet for 1 week. In both protocols, renal and systemic haemodynamics and urinary electrolyte excretion were measured after an acute water load. In the chronic study, sodium handling was also determined, based on 12 h day- and night-time urine collections. RESULTS The acute and chronic protocols induced comparable changes in sodium excretion, renal haemodynamics and hormonal responses. Yet, the relative contribution of the proximal and distal nephrons to sodium excretion in response to salt loading and depletion differed in the two protocols. Acutely, subjects appeared to regulate sodium balance mainly by the distal nephron, with little contribution of the proximal tubule. In contrast, in the chronic protocol, changes in sodium reabsorption could be measured both in the proximal and distal nephrons. Acute water loading was an important confounding factor which increased sodium excretion by reducing proximal sodium reabsorption. This interference of water was particularly marked in salt-depleted subjects. CONCLUSION Acute and chronic salt loading/salt depletion protocols investigate different renal mechanisms of control of sodium balance. The endogenous lithium clearance technique is a reliable method to assess proximal sodium reabsorption in humans. However, to investigate sodium handling in diseases such as hypertension, lithium should be measured preferably on 24 h or overnight urine collections to avoid the confounding influence of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burnier
- Department of Medicine, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Chiolero A, Maillard M, Nussberger J, Brunner HR, Burnier M. Proximal sodium reabsorption: An independent determinant of blood pressure response to salt. Hypertension 2000; 36:631-7. [PMID: 11040249 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.36.4.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of renal sodium handling by the proximal tubule as an independent determinant of blood pressure responsiveness to salt in hypertension. We measured blood pressure (BP), renal hemodynamics, and segmental renal sodium handling (with lithium used as a marker of proximal sodium reabsorption) in 38 hypertensive patients and 27 normotensive subjects (15 young and 12 age-matched) on a high and low sodium diet. In control subjects, changing the diet from a low to a high sodium content resulted in no change in BP and increases in glomerular filtration rate (P<0.05), renal plasma flow (P<0.05), and fractional excretion of lithium (FE(Li), P<0.01). In hypertensive patients, comparable variations of sodium intake induced an increase in BP with no change in renal hemodynamics and proximal sodium reabsorption. When analyzed by tertiles of their BP response to salt, salt-insensitive hypertensive patients of the first tertile disclosed a pattern of adaptation of proximal sodium reabsorption comparable to that of control subjects, whereas the most salt-sensitive patients of the third tertile had an inverse pattern with a high FE(Li) on low salt and a lower FE(Li) on high salt, suggesting an inappropriate modulation of proximal sodium reabsorption. The BP response to salt correlated positively with age (r=0.34, P=0.036) and negatively with the changes in FE(Li) (r=-0.37, P=0.029). In a multivariate analysis, the changes in FE(Li) were significantly and independently associated with the salt-induced changes in BP. These results suggest that proximal sodium reabsorption is an independent determinant of the BP response to salt in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiolero
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, CHUV, and Policlinique médicale universitaire, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Pechère-Bertschi A, Maillard M, Stalder H, Brunner HR, Burnier M. Blood pressure and renal haemodynamic response to salt during the normal menstrual cycle. Clin Sci (Lond) 2000; 98:697-702. [PMID: 10814607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate prospectively blood pressure and the renal haemodynamic response to salt during the normal menstrual cycle. A total of 35 healthy normotensive young women not on oral contraceptives were enrolled; 17 were studied in the follicular phase and 18 in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The women in each group were then randomly allocated to receive a low-sodium (40 mmol/day) or a high-sodium (250 mmol/day) diet for a 7-day period in two consecutive menstrual cycles. At the end of each dietary period, 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, urinary sodium excretion, plasma renin activity, plasma catecholamine levels and renal haemodynamics were measured. Our results show that the blood pressure response to salt is comparable during the luteal and the follicular phases of the normal menstrual cycle and is characterized by a salt-resistant pattern. In the kidney, effective renal plasma flow was significantly greater and the filtration fraction lower (P<0.05) after salt loading in women studied in the luteal phase compared with women investigated in the follicular phase. This study thus demonstrates that the female hormone status does not affect the blood pressure response to sodium in young normotensive women. However, in contrast with systemic haemodynamics, the renal response to salt varies during the normal menstrual cycle, suggesting that female sex hormones play a role (direct or indirect) in the regulation of renal haemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pechère-Bertschi
- Policlinique de Mèdecine et Dèpartement de Mèdecine Interne, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Burnier M, Maillard M. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists: where do we stand? IDrugs 2000; 3:304-9. [PMID: 16103940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Losartan, the first angiotensin II receptor antagonist was introduced in 1994. Since then, five other antagonists have been launched for the management of hypertension. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that angiotensin II antagonists are as effective as other antihypertensive agents but with a better tolerability profile. The challenge with these agents is now to demonstrate their potential benefits on morbidity and mortality, and several very large clinical trials are therefore running in hypertension, congestive heart failure and diabetic nephropathy. In addition, research is focusing intensively on defining the role of angiotensin AT2 receptors, and the potential benefits of combining ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burnier
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, Avenue P Decker, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Wang Q, Horisberger JD, Maillard M, Brunner HR, Rossier BC, Burnier M. Salt- and angiotensin II-dependent variations in amiloride-sensitive rectal potential difference in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2000; 27:60-6. [PMID: 10696530 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
1. In the rectum and distal nephron, sodium reabsorption is mediated by the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). The ENaC-mediated sodium transport is electrogenic and creates an amiloride-sensitive transepithelial potential difference (PD). 2. We have evaluated the salt- and angiotensin (Ang)II-dependent variations in amiloride-sensitive rectal PD in mice and assessed their relationship with renal sodium handling. 3. Rectal PD was measured in vivo in mice maintained on a medium-, low- or high-sodium diet. On a medium-salt diet, the mean (+/- SEM) amiloride-sensitive PD was larger in the afternoon than in the morning (-26.1 +/- 0.9 and -11.2 +/- 0.7 mV, respectively; P = 0.001), indicating a circadian cyclicity. Rectal PD increased on a low-sodium diet and decreased on a high-sodium diet. 4. Amiloride-sensitive rectal PD correlated significantly with the urinary Na+/K+ ratio (P < 0.001) and with sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron as measured by the lithium clearance technique (P < 0.001). 5. In mice treated with an AngII AT1 receptor antagonist, amiloride-sensitive rectal PD was increased in the afternoon compared with controls (-32.8 +/- 2.0 vs -24.4 +/- 0.9, respectively; P < 0.001). 6. At high doses, AngII decreased the amiloride-sensitive rectal PD and this effect was blunted by an AT1 receptor antagonist. 7. These results show the presence of a salt-dependent daily cyclicity of sodium transport in the mouse rectum that follows circadian changes in sodium handling in the distal nephron. Angiotensin II appears to modulate this diurnal pattern of rectal amiloride-sensitive sodium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Rossat J, Maillard M, Nussberger J, Brunner HR, Burnier M. Renal effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in normotensive salt-depleted subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 66:76-84. [PMID: 10430112 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9236(99)70056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the renal hemodynamic and tubular effects of celecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to those of naproxen, a nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenases in salt-depleted subjects. METHODS AND SUBJECTS Forty subjects were randomized into four parallel groups to receive 200 mg celecoxib twice a day, 400 mg celecoxib twice a day, 500 mg naproxen twice a day, or a placebo for 7 days according to a double-blind study design. Blood pressure, renal hemodynamics, and urinary water and electrolyte excretion were measured before and for 3 hours after drug intake on days 1 and 7. RESULTS Celecoxib had no effect on systemic blood pressure, but short-term transient decreases in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were found with the highest dose of 400 mg on day 1. On the first day, both celecoxib and naproxen decreased urine output (P < .05) and sodium, lithium, and potassium excretion (P < .01). On day 7, similar effects on water and sodium excretion were observed. During repeated administration, a significant sodium retention occurred during the first 3 days. CONCLUSION In salt-depleted subjects, selective inhibition of COX-2 causes sodium and potassium retention. This suggests that an increased selectivity for COX-2 does not spare the kidney, at least during salt depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rossat
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Mazzolai L, Maillard M, Rossat J, Nussberger J, Brunner HR, Burnier M. Angiotensin II receptor blockade in normotensive subjects: A direct comparison of three AT1 receptor antagonists. Hypertension 1999; 33:850-5. [PMID: 10082498 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.33.3.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Use of angiotensin (Ang) II AT1 receptor antagonists for treatment of hypertension is rapidly increasing, yet direct comparisons of the relative efficacy of antagonists to block the renin-angiotensin system in humans are lacking. In this study, the Ang II receptor blockade induced by the recommended starting dose of 3 antagonists was evaluated in normotensive subjects in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, 4-way crossover study. At 1-week intervals, 12 subjects received a single dose of losartan (50 mg), valsartan (80 mg), irbesartan (150 mg), or placebo. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system was assessed before and 4, 24, and 30 hours after drug intake by 3 independent methods: inhibition of the blood pressure response to exogenous Ang II, in vitro Ang II receptor assay, and reactive changes in plasma Ang II levels. At 4 hours, losartan blocked 43% of the Ang II-induced systolic blood pressure increase; valsartan, 51%; and irbesartan, 88% (P<0.01 between drugs). The effect of each drug declined with time. At 24 hours, a residual effect was found with all 3 drugs, but at 30 hours, only irbesartan induced a marked, significant blockade versus placebo. Similar results were obtained when Ang II receptor blockade was assessed with an in vitro receptor assay and by the reactive rise in plasma Ang II levels. This study thus demonstrates that the first administration of the recommended starting dose of irbesartan induces a greater and longer lasting Ang II receptor blockade than that of valsartan and losartan in normotensive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mazzolai
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Manunta P, Burnier M, D'Amico M, Buzzi L, Maillard M, Barlassina C, Lanella G, Cusi D, Bianchi G. Adducin polymorphism affects renal proximal tubule reabsorption in hypertension. Hypertension 1999; 33:694-7. [PMID: 10024330 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.33.2.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in renal sodium reabsorption may be involved in the development and maintenance of experimental and clinical hypertension. Adducin polymorphism is thought to regulate ion transport in the renal tubule. It has recently been shown that there is a significant linkage of alpha-adducin locus to essential hypertension and that the 460Trp allele is associated with hypertension. Patients with this allele display larger blood pressure changes with body sodium variation. The aim of this study was to test whether alpha-adducin polymorphism is involved in abnormalities of renal function. Because proximal tubular reabsorption has been shown to be tightly coupled to renal perfusion pressure, this segmental tubular function was investigated in 54 (29 Gly/Gly and 25 Gly/Trp) untreated hypertensive patients in basal conditions with the use of endogenous lithium concentration and uric acid. Fractional excretions of lithium and uric acid were significantly decreased in the Gly/Trp hypertensive patients compared with the Gly/Gly hypertensives. The contribution of alpha-adducin to fractional excretion of lithium was investigated by multiple regression analysis. Adducin genotype was significantly (R2=0.11, F=6.5; P<0.01) and directly related to fraction excretion of lithium; gender, age, urinary Na+, urinary uric acid, mean blood pressure, and plasma renin activity were not related. In conclusion, the adducin gene can be considered to be a 'renal hypertensive gene' that modulates the capacity of tubular epithelial cells to transport Na+ and hence contributes to the level of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manunta
- Division of Nephrology, University of Milan, Italy.
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Uberti-Foppa C, Origoni M, Maillard M, Ferrari D, Ciuffreda D, Mastrorilli E, Lazzarin A, Lillo F. Evaluation of the detection of human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical specimens by hybrid capture as screening for precancerous lesions in HIV-positive women. J Med Virol 1998; 56:133-7. [PMID: 9746069 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199810)56:2<133::aid-jmv6>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Given the frequency and persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated cytological alterations in HIV-1-positive women, the incidence of uterine cervix neoplasm is likely to increase along with patient survival. More appropriate screening programs, which, in addition to Pap smears (PS), also include tests to detect and type HPV, are needed for the early identification of precancerous cervical lesions. This prospective study involved 168 HIV-positive (group A) and 100 HIV-negative women (group B). Cervicovaginal samples were collected for a PS and HPV DNA search. The detected virus was typed as high-intermediate oncogenic risk HPV (HR-HPV) and low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) using hybrid capture (HC) (Murex-Digene) and in-house PCR tests. The HC-detected prevalence of HPV was 111/168 (66%:HR 75.6%) in group A and 15/100 (15%:HR 42.9%) in group B (P < 0.0001). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive in 91% and 48%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between drug addicts and heterosexual HIV-1-positive women (P = 0.09). HPV was detected in 94% of the 57 HIV-positive women with cytological alterations. HR-HPV was found in 41/49 women with low-grade and 7/8 with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL, respectively). In women with a negative PS, HPV was detected in 57/111 cases (HR 63%) of group A and in 13/98 of group B (6 cases of HR). Of the 54 group A women who underwent biopsy, histology revealed that 41 had LSIL (18 with negative PS, 19 with LSIL, and 4 with HSIL; HR-HPV in 73% and LR-HPV in 17%), nine had HSIL (5 LSIL and 4 HSIL on cytology; HR-HPV in 89% and LR-HPV in 11%), and four were negative (all cytology negative; 3 HR-HPV and 1 LR-HPV). HR-HPV was more frequent as immunodepression worsened. These results show that cytological evaluation alone underestimated histological alterations in 23/50 women (42.6%), whereas the combination of Pap smear and HPV detection reduced this underestimate to 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Uberti-Foppa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and University of Milan, Italy
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Kofinas C, Chinou I, Loukis A, Harvala C, Roussakis C, Maillard M, Hostettmann K. Cytotoxic coumarins from the aerial parts of Tordylium apulum and their effects on a non-small-cell bronchial carcinoma line. Planta Med 1998; 64:174-176. [PMID: 9525110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seven coumarins were isolated from the aerial parts of Tordylium apulum; their structures were established by spectroscopic means. All compounds were tested in vitro for their cytotoxicity against two cell line systems. The antiproliferative effects for three of them were studied at the level of the cell cycle in asynchronous cells of the NSCLC-N6 line with a flow cytometry apparatus.
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Kofinas C, Chinou L, Loukis A, Harvala C, Roussakis C, Maillard M, Hostettmann K. Cytotoxic coumarins from the aerial parts of Tordylium apulum and their effects on a non-small-cell bronchial carcinoma cell line. Planta Med 1998; 64:174-6. [PMID: 17253232 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Seven coumarins were isolated from the aerial parts of Tordylium apulum; their structures were established by spectroscopic means. All compounds were tested in vitro for their cytotoxicity against two cell line systems. The antiproliferative effects for three of them were studied at the level of the cell cycle in asynchronous cells of the NSCLC-N6 line with a flow cytometry apparatus.
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Abstract
The fluctuations of HIV-1 p24 antigen concentration have been monitored in the follow-up of 118 subjects in different clinical stages and compared to their CD4 cell count; 104 patients received antiretroviral therapy. Persistent (65%) or sporadic (28%) antigenaemia has been detected in most patients in different clinical stages. The variations of the p24 Ag level are significantly correlated with the CD4 cell count and therapy administration (P = 0.0001). In patients with relatively conserved immune function (CDC II and III), antiretroviral therapy shows the best efficacy and can be efficiently monitored by p24 and CD4 surrogate markers. The data here suggest that although the informative value of p24 Ag is not representative of an AIDS-defining event, it can be used as a short-term and relatively inexpensive virological marker of antiviral activity in vivo, to support the routine management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Lillo
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease Clinic, AIDS Centre San Luigi IRCCS HSR, Milano, Italy
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Adams DR, Perez C, Maillard M, Florent JC, Evers M, Hénin Y, Litvak S, Litvak L, Monneret C, Grierson DS. Preparation and anti-HIV activity of N-3-substituted thymidine nucleoside analogs. J Med Chem 1997; 40:1550-8. [PMID: 9154976 DOI: 10.1021/jm9600095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of 22 derivatives of AZT substituted at the N-3 position of the thymine base were prepared and evaluated for anti-HIV activity in cell culture (Lai strain of HIV-1 in CEM-c113 cells). The AZT analogs bearing a N-3 amino group (7), a hydroxyalkyl chain (12f), and a phosphonomethyl (12k) substituent displayed activities in the 0.045-0.082 microM range. The analogs 12d, 12e, 12q, 15, and 19 were active at <0.5 microM concentration. Compound 18 in which two molecules of AZT are connected at N-3 via a two-carbon link and "dimer" 11 also displayed significant activity. To obtain information concerning the mechanism of RT inhibition by these AZT analogs, compounds 7, 12d, 12e, and 12q were incubated with recombinant HIV-1 RT in the presence of poly(A)-oligo[dT(12-18)] and poly(C)-oligo[dG(12-18)] template-primers. In contrast to AZT-TP (control), none of these nucleosides displayed any significant inhibition of RT in the recombinant enzyme assay, indicating that phosphorylation is a necessary prerequisite for activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Adams
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Giacomini M, Ruggiero C, Maillard M, Lillo FB, Varnier OE. Application of neural networks to the follow-up of AIDS patients. Stud Health Technol Inform 1997; 43 Pt A:386-90. [PMID: 10179579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to obtain groups of patients with similar profiles of p24 antigen concentration and of CD4+ cell counts. These two markers were chosen because their evaluation represents a significant step in the clinical follow up of HIV-1 infected subjects. The classifications were obtained by a Kohonen neural net trained in three ways: with p24 antigen profiles only, with CD4+ cell count profiles only and with both sets of profiles. The results show that the clustering fashion of the two parameters closely resembles the clustering fashion of CD4+ only rather than the one of p24Ag, both with reference to cluster formation and with reference to distance among clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giacomini
- DIST, Department of Communications Computer and System Sciences, University of Genova, Italy
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Giacomini M, Ruggiero C, Maillard M, Lillo FB, Varnier OE. Objective evaluation of two markers of HIV-1 infection (p24 antigen concentration and CD4+ cell counts) by a self organizing neural network. Med Inform (Lond) 1996; 21:215-28. [PMID: 9062884 DOI: 10.3109/14639239609025359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to obtain groups of patients with similar profiles of p24 antigen concentration and of CD4+ cell counts. These two markers were chosen because their evaluation represents a significant step in the clinical follow up of HIV-1 infected subjects. The detection methods for p24 antigen concentration and for CD4+ cell counts are well assessed and guarantee easy reproducibility of data obtained in different laboratories. A set of observations with the same time intervals were derived from a continuous function obtained for each patient by a back-propagation neural net trained on the raw data from the patient. The classifications were obtained by a Kohonen neural net trained in three ways: with p24 antigen profiles only, with CD4+ cell count profiles only and with both sets of profiles. The results show that the clustering fashion of the two parameters closely resembles the clustering fashion of CD4+ only, rather than that of p24Ag, both with reference to cluster formation and with reference to distances between clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giacomini
- DIST, Department of Communications Computer and System Sciences, University of Genova, Italy
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Rizzardi GP, Lazzarin A, Musicco M, Frigerio D, Maillard M, Lucchini M, Moroni M. Risks and benefits of aerosolized pentamidine and cotrimoxazole in primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-1-infected patients: a two-year Italian multicentric randomized controlled trial. The Italian PCP Study Group. J Infect 1996; 32:123-31. [PMID: 8708369 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(96)91312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We randomized 220 HIV-1-infected subjects to receive aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg/4 weeks) or orally trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (320-1600 mg/day) for primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and evaluated PCP and toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) occurrence and survival. Patients developing toxicity switched to the other regimen. Analysis was on intention-to-treat. At 1 year of study, we observed in the pentamidine group a non-significant excess of PCP (4 vs. 1) and TE (7 vs. 3), and a significant increased death rate (15 vs. 2). After 2 years, no significant differences were observed: adjusted RR estimates for pentamidine vs. cotrimoxazole were 1.20 (95% CI, 0.33-4.37) for PCP (6 cases vs. 5), 1.23 (95% CI, 0.46-3.29) for TE (10 vs. 8) and 1.52 (95% CI, 0.83-2.79) for death (30 vs. 18). Crossovers were more frequent in the cotrimoxazole group (41 vs. 4, P < 0.001). Aerosolized pentamidine and cotrimoxazole were equally effective in preventing PCP, and no major differences were observed in TE occurrence and survival after 2 years follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Rizzardi
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, University of Milan, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hostettmann
- Institut de Pharmacognosie et Phytochimie, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland
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Rizzardi GP, Lazzarin A, Musicco M, Frigerio D, Maillard M, Lucchini M, Moroni M. Better efficacy of twice-monthly than monthly aerosolised pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS. An Italian multicentric randomised controlled trial. The Italian PCP Study Group. J Infect 1995; 31:99-105. [PMID: 8666860 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(95)92035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this multicentric randomised controlled trial was to evaluate long-term efficacy and safety of once-monthly versus twice-monthly 300 mg aerosolized pentamidine (AP) as secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). We randomised 205 patients with a previous confirmed episode of PCP (107 treated with 300 mg once-monthly AP, and 98 with 300 mg twice monthly AP); the median review period was 232 days. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's hazard regression model were used for analysis. The main outcome assessments were PCP recurrence, survival and incidence of drug toxicity. The two groups were balanced for prognostic predictors. In the once-monthly AP group, 14 relapses of confirmed PCP were observed, while five occurred in the twice-monthly AP group; the crude relative risk (RR) was 2.69 (95% CI 1.002-7.236, P=0.0496) and the adjusted RR accounting for prognostic predictors was 2.62 (95% CI 0.92-7.5, P=0.071). Death occurred in 36 of 26 patients respectively (adjusted RR 1.32, 95% CI 0.8-2.18, P=0.28). Two patients interrupted the study because of intolerance to AP (one in each group), and severe coughing occurred in two patients (one in each group). At the end of the study, pulmonary function tests were not changed compared with baseline and were the same between the two groups. Our study suggests that 300 mg twice-monthly AP is more effective than 300 mg once-monthly AP as secondary prophylaxis of PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Rizzardi
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, University of Milan, Italy
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Maillard M, Lefki A, Benfriha L. [Liaison psychiatry at Saint-Dizier General Hospital. 17-year experience]. Ann Med Psychol (Paris) 1994; 152:553-5. [PMID: 7818233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Reflexions and studies about the "Psychiatrie de Liaison" at the general Hospital of Saint-Dizier, about consultations in psychiatry. Follow up of the consultation. Statistical view. Liaison general physician-psychiatrist-family physician.
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Bo X, Fischer B, Maillard M, Jacobson KA, Burnstock G. Comparative studies on the affinities of ATP derivatives for P2x-purinoceptors in rat urinary bladder. Br J Pharmacol 1994; 112:1151-9. [PMID: 7952876 PMCID: PMC1910266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Radioligand binding assays have been used to determine the affinities of a series of ATP derivatives with modifications of the polyphosphate chain, adenine and ribose moieties of the ATP molecule for [H]-alpha,beta-methylene ATP ([3H]-alpha,beta-MeATP) binding sites in rat urinary bladder. 2. The replacement of the bridging oxygen in the triphosphate chain of ATP (pIC50 = 5.58) with a methylene or imido group markedly increased the affinity (691 fold in IC50 values for beta,gamma-imidoATP, 15 fold for beta,gamma-methylene ATP), and the replacement of an ionized oxygen on the gamma-phosphate with a sulphur (ATP gamma S) also led to increased affinity (5623 fold in IC50 values). 3. Modifications at N6, N1, and C-8 positions on the purine base usually reduced the affinity of ATP (a decrease of 2.8 fold in IC50 values for N6-methylATP and 8.9 fold for 8-bromo ATP), while the attachment of an alkylthio group to the C-2 position greatly increased the affinity for P2x-purinoceptors (from 3.5 to 98 fold increase in IC50 values). 4. Replacement of the 3'-hydroxyl group on the ribose with substituted amino or acylamino groups produced more potent P2x-purinoceptor agonists (an increase of 447 fold in IC50 values for 3'-deoxy-3'-benzylamino ATP and 28 fold for 3'-deoxy-3'-(4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)amino ATP. 5. Diadenosine polyphosphates (Ap[n]A) were also shown to displace the [3H]-alpha,beta-MeATP binding. The rank order of potency was Ap6A > Ap5A > Ap4A >> Ap3A >> Ap2A. 6. Suramin, PPADS, and reactive blue 2 could competitively displace the binding of [3H]-alpha,beta-MeATP toP2X-purinoceptors, with pIC50 values of 6.26, 5.35, and 6.22, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Bo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
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Wolfender J, Maillard M, Hostettmann K. Liquid chromatographic—thermospray mass spectrometric analysis of crude plant extracts containing phenolic and terpene glycosides. J Chromatogr A 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)83400-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Jacobson KA, Nikodijević O, Padgett WL, Gallo-Rodriguez C, Maillard M, Daly JW. 8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC) is a selective A2-adenosine antagonist in vitro and in vivo. FEBS Lett 1993; 323:141-4. [PMID: 8495727 PMCID: PMC3468328 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81466-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An adenosine antagonist, 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC), was shown previously to be 520-fold selective for A2a-adenosine receptors in radioligand binding assays in the rat brain. In reversing agonist effects on adenylate cyclase, CSC was 22-fold selective for A2a receptors in rat phenochromocytoma cells (Kb 60 nM) vs. A1 receptors in rat adipocytes (Kb 1.3 microM). Administered i.p. in NIH mice at a dose of 1 mg/kg, CSC shifted the curve for locomotor depression elicited by the A2a-selective agonist APEC to the right (ED50 value for APEC shifted from 20 micrograms/kg i.p. to 190 micrograms/kg). CSC had no effect on locomotor depression elicited by an ED50 dose of the A1-selective agonist CHA. CSC alone at a dose of 5 mg/kg stimulated locomotor activity by 22% over control values. Coadministration of CSC and the A1-selective antagonist CPX, both at non-stimulatory doses, increased activity by 37% (P < 0.001) over CSC alone, suggesting a behavioral synergism of A1- and A2-antagonist effects in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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