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Baumann AA, Myers AK, Khajeh-Kazerooni N, Rosenthal B, Jenkins M, O'Brien C, Fuller L, Morgan M, Lenaghan SC. Aqueous Ozone Exposure Inhibits Sporulation in the Cyclospora cayetanensis Surrogate Eimeria acervulina. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100260. [PMID: 38460785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Ozone is a potent disinfecting agent used to treat potable water and wastewater, effectively clearing protozoa such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. It is unclear whether ozone treatment of water or fresh produce can reduce the spread of the emerging parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis, which causes cyclosporiasis in humans. Obtaining viable C. cayetanensis oocysts to evaluate inactivation methods is challenging because we lack the means to propagate them in vitro, because of delays in case reporting, and because health departments typically add inactivating fixatives to clinical specimens. Research in various surrogate organisms has sought to bolster understanding of the biology of C. cayetanensis. Among these surrogates is the poultry parasite Eimeria acervulina, a closely related and easily cultured parasite of economic significance. We used this surrogate to evaluate the consequences of ozone treatment, using the sporulation state as an indicator of infectious potential. Treating with ozonated water acidified with citric acid reduced sporulation ability in a dose-dependent manner; treatment with up to 4.93 mg/L initial concentration of ozone resulted in a 93% inactivation of sporulation by 7 days posttreatment. This developmental arrest was accompanied by transcriptional changes in genes involved in regulating the response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a time course that is consistent with the production of oxygen free radicals. This study shows that ozone is highly effective in preventing sporulation of E. acervulina, a model coccidian used as a surrogate for Cyclospora. Furthermore, ozone exposure induced molecular responses to general oxidative stress, documented with several well-characterized antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Baumann
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology (CASB), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Addison K Myers
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Rosenthal
- Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Mark Jenkins
- Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Celia O'Brien
- Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Lorraine Fuller
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mark Morgan
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Scott C Lenaghan
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology (CASB), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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Khadiri M, Boubaker H, Laasli SE, Farhaoui A, Ezrari S, Radouane N, Radi M, Askarne L, Barka EA, Lahlali R. Unlocking Nature's Secrets: Molecular Insights into Postharvest Pathogens Impacting Moroccan Apples and Innovations in the Assessment of Storage Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:553. [PMID: 38498518 PMCID: PMC10891559 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Apple production holds a prominent position in Morocco's Rosaceae family. However, annual production can fluctuate due to substantial losses caused by fungal diseases affecting stored apples. Our findings emphasize that the pre-storage treatment of apples, disinfection of storage facilities, box type, and fruit sorting are pivotal factors affecting apple losses during storage. Additionally, the adopted preservation technique was significantly correlated with the percentage of damage caused by fungal infections. Blue mold accounts for nearly three-quarters of the diseases detected, followed by gray rot with a relatively significant incidence. This study has revealed several fungal diseases affecting stored apples caused by pathogens such as Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Trichothecium roseum, Fusarium avenaceum, Cadophora malorum, and Neofabraea vagabunda. Notably, these last two fungal species have been reported for the first time in Morocco as pathogens of stored apples. These data affirm that the high losses of apples in Morocco, attributed primarily to P. expansum and B. cinerea, pose a significant threat in terms of reduced production and diminished fruit quality. Hence, adopting controlled atmosphere storage chambers and implementing good practices before apple storage is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khadiri
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (M.K.); (S.-E.L.); (A.F.)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Protection des Végétaux, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zhor, BP 8106, Agadir 80000, Morocco; (H.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Hassan Boubaker
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Protection des Végétaux, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zhor, BP 8106, Agadir 80000, Morocco; (H.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Salah-Eddine Laasli
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (M.K.); (S.-E.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Abdelaaziz Farhaoui
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (M.K.); (S.-E.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio-Resources (BioVaR), Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, BP 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Said Ezrari
- Microbiology Unit, Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Oujda, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Nabil Radouane
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Radi
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (M.K.); (S.-E.L.); (A.F.)
- Laboratory of Environment and Valorization of Microbial and Plant Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, BP 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Latifa Askarne
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Protection des Végétaux, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zhor, BP 8106, Agadir 80000, Morocco; (H.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Induced Resistance and Plant Biosection Research Unit-EA 4707-USC INRAE1488, Reims Cham-pagne-Ardenne University, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (M.K.); (S.-E.L.); (A.F.)
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Promyou S, Raruang Y, Chen ZY. Melatonin Treatment of Strawberry Fruit during Storage Extends Its Post-Harvest Quality and Reduces Infection Caused by Botrytis cinerea. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071445. [PMID: 37048266 PMCID: PMC10093899 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gray mold is a main disease of strawberry fruit (Fragaria × xananassa cv. Camino Real) caused by Botrytis cinerea, which leads to marketable value losses in the supply chain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin (MT) on the physicochemical quality, antioxidant defense system, and disease resistance of strawberry fruit to B. cinerea infection. The results revealed that strawberry fruit immersed in 100 µM MT for 15 min effectively maintained its brightness and delayed the change in fruit color. MT also maintained the level of titratable acidity and slowed down the increase of total soluble solids in strawberry fruit. Moreover, strawberries immersed in MT maintained a fresh weight and fruit firmness, as well as reduced B. cinerea infection when compared to the untreated control fruit and fruit treated with 5% NaOCl. In addition, MT increased the accumulation of DPPH scavenging capacity and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and APX) with the exception of CAT. The same effect was also observed in strawberry fruit after immersion in MT and followed by B. cinerea inoculation. These findings demonstrated that exogenous MT could effectively maintain the postharvest quality of strawberries, even when the fruit was inoculated with B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surassawadee Promyou
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Yenjit Raruang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (Y.R.); (Z.-Y.C.)
| | - Zhi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (Y.R.); (Z.-Y.C.)
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The Antifungal Effect of Gaseous Ozone on Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Stem-End Rot in 'Keitt' Mangoes. Foods 2023; 12:foods12010195. [PMID: 36613410 PMCID: PMC9818411 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the antifungal activity of ozone (O3) against stem-end rot of mango fruit (cv. Keitt). Mango fruit were exposed to gaseous ozone (0.25 mg/L) for 24 or 36 h during cold storage, and control fruit were untreated. Experimental fruit were stored at 90% relative humidity and 10 ± 0.5 °C for three weeks and ripened at ambient temperature for one week. Ozone treatment (24 h) inhibited the mycelial growth of Lasiodiplodia theobromae by 60.35%. At day twenty-eight of storage, fruit treated with O3 for 36 h had low mass loss (%) and high firmness compared to the untreated control fruit. Treating mango fruit with O3 (36 h) maintained the color and concentration of total flavonoids throughout the storage time. At the end of storage, peroxidase activity under the O3 24 h treatment was significantly higher (0.91 U min-1 g-1 DM) compared to O3 (36 h) and control, which, respectively, had 0.80 U min-1 g-1 DM and 0.78 U min-1 g-1 DM. Gaseous ozone for 24 h is recommended as a cost-effective treatment for controlling stem-end rot. These findings suggest that gaseous ozone effectively controlled stem-end rot and enhanced the postharvest quality of mango fruit.
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Leng J, Yu L, Dai Y, Leng Y, Wang C, Chen Z, Wisniewski M, Wu X, Liu J, Sui Y. Recent advances in research on biocontrol of postharvest fungal decay in apples. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10607-10620. [PMID: 35608023 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2080638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apple is the largest fruit crop produced in temperate regions and is a popular fruit worldwide. It is, however, susceptible to a variety of postharvest fungal pathogens, including Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Monilia spp., and Alternaria spp. Decays resulting from fungal infections severely reduce apple quality and marketable yield. Biological control utilizing bacterial and fungal antagonists is an eco-friendly and effective method of managing postharvest decay in horticultural crops. In the current review, research on the pathogenesis of major decay fungi and isolation of antagonists used to manage postharvest decay in apple is presented. The mode of action of postharvest biocontrol agents (BCAs), including recent molecular and genomic studies, is also discussed. Recent research on the apple microbiome and its relationship to disease management is highlighted, and the use of additives and physical treatments to enhance biocontrol efficacy of BCAs is reviewed. Biological control is a critical component of an integrated management system for the sustainable approaches to apple production. Additional research will be required to explore the feasibility of developing beneficial microbial consortia and novel antimicrobial compounds derived from BCAs for postharvest disease management, as well as genetic approaches, such as the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Leng
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Longfeng Yu
- School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, West Yunnan University, Lincang, Yunan, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Leng
- School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, West Yunnan University, Lincang, Yunan, China
| | - Chaowen Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, West Yunnan University, Lincang, Yunan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Xuehong Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Sui
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
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Dong F, Wang Y, Tang M. Study on the molecular mechanism of Laccaria bicolor helping Populus trichocarpa to resist the infection of Botryosphaeria dothidea. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2220-2233. [PMID: 34779092 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study explored the specific molecular mechanism of Laccaria bicolor to help Populus trichocarpa resist infection by Botryosphaeria dothidea. METHODS AND RESULTS Transcriptome technology was used to sequence P. trichocarpa under disease stress, and a total of 6379 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. A total of 536 new DEGs were induced by L. bicolor during the infection of B. dothidea. L. bicolor helps to prevent and alleviate the infection of B. dothidea by regulating related genes in the cell wall pathway, signal transduction pathway, disease-resistant protein synthesis pathway and antioxidant enzyme synthesis pathway of P. trichocarpa. CONCLUSION The inoculation of L. bicolor can regulate the expression of genes in the cell wall pathway and enhance the physical defense capabilities of plants. Under disease stress conditions, L. bicolor can regulate signal transduction pathways, disease-resistant related pathways and reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance pathways to help P. trichocarpa alleviate the disease. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The research reveals the mechanism of L. bicolor inducing resistance to canker of P. trichocarpa from the molecular level and provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of mycorrhizal fungi to improve plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxin Dong
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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