1
|
Soleimani A, Alizadeh H. Unlocking the potential of Extensin Signal peptide and Elastin-like polypeptide tag fused to Shigella dysenteriae's IpaDSTxB to improve protein expression and purification in Nicotiana tabacum and Medicagosativa. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 222:106521. [PMID: 38852714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants are often seen as a potent tool in the recombinant protein production industry. However, unlike bacterial expression, it is not a popular method due to the low yield and difficulty of protein extraction and purification. Therefore, developing a new high efficient and easy to purify platform is crucial. One of the best approaches to make extraction easier is to utilize the Extensin Signal peptide (EXT) to translocate the recombinant protein to the outside of the cell, along with incorporating an Elastin-like polypeptide tag (ELP) to enhance purification and accumulation rates. In this research, we transiently expressed Shigella dysenteriae's IpaDSTxB fused to both NtEXT and ELP in both Nicotiana tabacum and Medicago sativa. Our results demonstrated that N. tabacum, with an average yield of 6.39 ng/μg TSP, outperforms M. sativa, which had an average yield of 3.58 ng/μg TSP. On the other hand, analyzing NtEXT signal peptide indicated that merging EXT to the constructs facilitates translocation of IpaDSTxB to the apoplast by 78.4% and 65.9% in N. tabacum and M. sativa, respectively. Conversely, the mean level for constructs without EXT was below 25% for both plants. Furthermore, investigation into the orientation of ELP showed that merging it to the C-terminal of IpaDSTxB leads to a higher accumulation rate in both N. tabacum and M. sativa by 1.39 and 1.28 times, respectively. It also facilitates purification rate by over 70% in comparison to 20% of the 6His tag. The results show a highly efficient and easy to purify platform for the expression of heterologous proteins in plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AmirMohammad Soleimani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Houshang Alizadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Delmer D, Dixon RA, Keegstra K, Mohnen D. The plant cell wall-dynamic, strong, and adaptable-is a natural shapeshifter. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1257-1311. [PMID: 38301734 PMCID: PMC11062476 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mythology is replete with good and evil shapeshifters, who, by definition, display great adaptability and assume many different forms-with several even turning themselves into trees. Cell walls certainly fit this definition as they can undergo subtle or dramatic changes in structure, assume many shapes, and perform many functions. In this review, we cover the evolution of knowledge of the structures, biosynthesis, and functions of the 5 major cell wall polymer types that range from deceptively simple to fiendishly complex. Along the way, we recognize some of the colorful historical figures who shaped cell wall research over the past 100 years. The shapeshifter analogy emerges more clearly as we examine the evolving proposals for how cell walls are constructed to allow growth while remaining strong, the complex signaling involved in maintaining cell wall integrity and defense against disease, and the ways cell walls adapt as they progress from birth, through growth to maturation, and in the end, often function long after cell death. We predict the next century of progress will include deciphering cell type-specific wall polymers; regulation at all levels of polymer production, crosslinks, and architecture; and how walls respond to developmental and environmental signals to drive plant success in diverse environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Delmer
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Kenneth Keegstra
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ajayi O, Zelinsky E, Anderson CT. A core of cell wall proteins functions in wall integrity responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e579. [PMID: 38576997 PMCID: PMC10987976 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cell walls surround all plant cells, and their composition and structure are tightly regulated to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis. In response to wall damage, the cell wall integrity (CWI) system is engaged to ameliorate effects on plant growth. Despite the central role CWI plays in plant development, our current understanding of how this system functions at the molecular level is limited. Here, we investigated the transcriptomes of etiolated seedlings of mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with defects in three major wall polysaccharides, pectin (quasimodo2), cellulose (cellulose synthase3 je5), and xyloglucan (xyloglucan xylosyltransferase1 and 2), to probe whether changes in the expression of cell wall-related genes occur and are similar or different when specific wall components are reduced or missing. Many changes occurred in the transcriptomes of pectin- and cellulose-deficient plants, but fewer changes occurred in the transcriptomes of xyloglucan-deficient plants. We hypothesize that this might be because pectins interact with other wall components and/or integrity sensors, whereas cellulose forms a major load-bearing component of the wall; defects in either appear to trigger the expression of structural proteins to maintain wall cohesion in the absence of a major polysaccharide. This core set of genes functioning in CWI in plants represents an attractive target for future genetic engineering of robust and resilient cell walls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oyeyemi Ajayi
- Department of BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and FormationThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ellen Zelinsky
- Department of BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and FormationThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Charles T. Anderson
- Department of BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and FormationThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng SY, Chu PK, Chen YJ, Wu YH, Huang MD. Exploring the extensin gene family: an updated genome-wide survey in plants and algae. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:152-167. [PMID: 37769205 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Extensins (EXTs), a class of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein with multiple Ser-Pro3-5 motifs, are known to play roles in cell wall reinforcement and environmental responses. EXTs with repetitive Tyr-X-Tyr (YXY) motifs for crosslinking are referred as crosslinking EXTs. Our comprehensive study spanned 194 algal and plant species, categorizing EXTs into seven subfamilies: classical extensins (EXT I and II), arabinogalactan-protein extensins (AGP-EXTs), proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases (PERKs), leucine-rich repeat extensins (LRX I and II), formin homology (FH) domain-containing extensins (FH-EXTs), proline-rich, arabinogalactan proteins, conserved cysteines (PAC) domain-containing extensins (PAC I and II), and eight-cysteine motif (8CM)-containing extensins (8CM-EXTs). In the examined dataset, EXTs were detected ubiquitously in plants but infrequently in algae, except for one Coccomyxa and four Chlamydomonadales species. No crosslinking EXTs were found in Poales or certain Zingiberales species. Notably, the previously uncharacterized EXT II, PAC II, and liverwort-specific 8CM-EXTs were found to be crosslinking EXTs. EXT II, featuring repetitive YY motifs instead of the conventional YXY motif, was exclusively identified in Solanaceae. Furthermore, tandem genes encoding distinctive 8CM-EXTs specifically expressed in the germinating spores of Marchantia polymorpha. This updated classification of EXT types allows us to propose a plausible evolutionary history of EXT genes during the course of plant evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sou-Yu Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Kuan Chu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pancaldi F, Schranz ME, van Loo EN, Trindade LM. Highly differentiated genomic properties underpin the different cell walls of Poaceae and eudicots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:274-295. [PMID: 37141316 PMCID: PMC10762515 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls of Poaceae and eudicots differ substantially, both in the content and composition of their components. However, the genomic and genetic basis underlying these differences is not fully resolved. In this research, we analyzed multiple genomic properties of 150 cell wall gene families across 169 angiosperm genomes. The properties analyzed include gene presence/absence, copy number, synteny, occurrence of tandem gene clusters, and phylogenetic gene diversity. Results revealed a profound genomic differentiation of cell wall genes between Poaceae and eudicots, often associated with the cell wall diversity between these plant groups. For example, overall patterns of gene copy number variation and synteny were clearly divergent between Poaceae and eudicot species. Moreover, differential Poaceae-eudicot copy number and genomic contexts were observed for all the genes within the BEL1-like HOMEODOMAIN 6 regulatory pathway, which respectively induces and represses secondary cell wall synthesis in Poaceae and eudicots. Similarly, divergent synteny, copy number, and phylogenetic gene diversification were observed for the major biosynthetic genes of xyloglucans, mannans, and xylans, potentially contributing to the differences in content and types of hemicellulosic polysaccharides differences in Poaceae and eudicot cell walls. Additionally, the Poaceae-specific tandem clusters and/or higher copy number of PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE, CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, or PEROXIDASE genes may underly the higher content and larger variety of phenylpropanoid compounds observed in Poaceae cell walls. All these patterns are discussed in detail in this study, along with their evolutionary and biological relevance for cell wall (genomic) diversification between Poaceae and eudicots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pancaldi
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eibertus N van Loo
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa M Trindade
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farooq M, Ahmad R, Shahzad M, Rehman SU, Sajjad Y, Hassan A, Shah MM, Afroz A, Khan SA. Real-time expression and in silico characterization of pea genes involved in salt and water-deficit stress. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:18. [PMID: 38099977 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To tolerate salt and water-deficit stress, the plant adapts to the adverse environment by regulating its metabolism and expressing certain stress-induced metabolic pathways. This research analyzed the relative expression of four pea genes (P5CR, PAL1, SOD, and POX) in three pea varieties (Climax, Green grass, and Meteor) under different levels of salt and water-deficit stress. METHODS AND RESULTS The experiments on salt stress and water-deficit stress were carried out within greenhouse settings under controlled environment. The saturation percentage was employed to create artificial salinity conditions: Control without NaCl treatment, Treatment 1: 50 mM NaCl treatment, Treatment 2: 75 mM NaCl treatment, and Treatment 3: 100 mM NaCl treatment. Field capacity (FC) was used for the development of artificial water-deficit treatments in the pots, i.e., Treatment 1 (Control; water application 100% of FC), Treatment 2 (water application 75% of FC), and Treatment 3 (water application 50% of FC). Pea genes involved in biosynthetic pathways of proline, flavonoids, and enzymatic antioxidant enzymes including P5CR, PAL1, SOD, and POX were selected based on literature. Quantitative real-time PCR using cDNA as a template was used to analyze the gene expression. Pea genes were analyzed for phylogenetic analysis in closely related crops having similarity percent identity 80% and above. In silico characterization of selected proteins including the family classification was done by the NCBI CDD and INTERPRO online servers. Results from RT-qPCR analysis showed increased expression of P5CR, PAL1, and POX genes, while SOD gene expression decreased under both stresses. Climax exhibited superior stress tolerance with elevated expression of P5CR and PAL1, while Meteor showed better tolerance through increased POX expression. Phylogenetic analysis revealed common ancestry with other species like chickpea, red clover, mung bean, and barrel clover, suggesting the cross relationship among these plant species. Conserved domain analysis of respective proteins revealed that these proteins contain PLNO 2688, PLN02457, Cu-Zn Superoxide dismutase, and secretory peroxidase conserved domains. Furthermore, protein family classification indicated that the oxidation-reduction process is the most common chemical process involved in these stresses given to pea plant which validates the relationship of these proteins. CONCLUSIONS Salt and water-deficit stresses trigger distinct metabolic pathways, leading to the up-regulation of specific genes and the synthesis of corresponding proteins. These findings further emphasize the conservation of stress-tolerance-related genes and proteins across various plant species. This knowledge enhances our understanding of plant adaptation to stress and offers opportunities for developing strategies to improve stress resilience in crops, thereby addressing global food security challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Saad Ur Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics, Government Postgraduate College, Mandian, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Maroof Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Amber Afroz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sabaz Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pacheco JM, Gabarain VB, Lopez LE, Lehuedé TU, Ocaranza D, Estevez JM. Understanding signaling pathways governing the polar development of root hairs in low-temperature, nutrient-deficient environments. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 75:102386. [PMID: 37352652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to freezing and above-freezing low temperatures must employ a variety of strategies to minimize fitness loss. There is a considerable knowledge gap regarding how mild low temperatures (around 10 °C) affect plant growth and developmental processes, even though the majority of the molecular mechanisms that plants use to adapt to extremely low temperatures are well understood. Root hairs (RH) have become a useful model system for studying how plants regulate their growth in response to both cell-intrinsic cues and environmental inputs. Here, we'll focus on recent advances in the molecular mechanisms underpinning Arabidopsis thaliana RH growth at mild low temperatures and how these discoveries may influence our understanding of nutrient sensing mechanisms by the roots. This highlights how intricately linked mechanisms are necessary for plant development to take place under specific circumstances and to produce a coherent response, even at the level of a single RH cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez Pacheco
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the DeveIopment of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Victoria Berdion Gabarain
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the DeveIopment of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Leonel E Lopez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the DeveIopment of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Tomás Urzúa Lehuedé
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the DeveIopment of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile; Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Darío Ocaranza
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the DeveIopment of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile; Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the DeveIopment of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile; Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kurepa J, Smalle JA. Extensin and senescence: a cell wall connection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5419-5421. [PMID: 37773263 PMCID: PMC10540731 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on:
Lu H, Niu X, Fan Y, Yuan Y, Huang L, Zhao B, Liu Y, Xiao F. 2023. The extensin protein SAE1 plays a role in leaf senescence and is targeted by the ubiquitin ligase SINA4 in tomato. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 5635–5652.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan A Smalle
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pernis M, Salaj T, Bellová J, Danchenko M, Baráth P, Klubicová K. Secretome analysis revealed that cell wall remodeling and starch catabolism underlie the early stages of somatic embryogenesis in Pinus nigra. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1225424. [PMID: 37600183 PMCID: PMC10436561 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1225424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is an efficient mean for rapid micropropagation and preservation of the germplasm of valuable coniferous trees. Little is known about how the composition of secretome tracks down the level of embryogenic capacity. Unlike embryogenic tissue on solid medium, suspension cell cultures enable the study of extracellular proteins secreted into a liquid cultivation medium, avoiding contamination from destructured cells. Here, we present proteomic data of the secretome of Pinus nigra cell lines with contrasting embryogenic capacity, accounting for variability between genotypes. Our results showed that cell wall-related and carbohydrate-acting proteins were the most differentially accumulated. Peroxidases, extensin, α-amylase, plant basic secretory family protein (BSP), and basic secretory protease (S) were more abundant in the medium from the lines with high embryogenic capacity. In contrast, the medium from the low embryogenic capacity cell lines contained a higher amount of polygalacturonases, hothead protein, and expansin, which are generally associated with cell wall loosening or softening. These results corroborated the microscopic findings in cell lines with low embryogenic capacity-long suspensor cells without proper assembly. Furthermore, proteomic data were subsequently validated by peroxidase and α-amylase activity assays, and hence, we conclude that both tested enzyme activities can be considered potential markers of high embryogenic capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pernis
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Terézia Salaj
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jana Bellová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Baráth
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Klubicová
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Skeffington A, Fischer A, Sviben S, Brzezinka M, Górka M, Bertinetti L, Woehle C, Huettel B, Graf A, Scheffel A. A joint proteomic and genomic investigation provides insights into the mechanism of calcification in coccolithophores. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3749. [PMID: 37353496 PMCID: PMC10290126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccolithophores are globally abundant, calcifying microalgae that have profound effects on marine biogeochemical cycles, the climate, and life in the oceans. They are characterized by a cell wall of CaCO3 scales called coccoliths, which may contribute to their ecological success. The intricate morphologies of coccoliths are of interest for biomimetic materials synthesis. Despite the global impact of coccolithophore calcification, we know little about the molecular machinery underpinning coccolithophore biology. Working on the model Emiliania huxleyi, a globally distributed bloom-former, we deploy a range of proteomic strategies to identify coccolithogenesis-related proteins. These analyses are supported by a new genome, with gene models derived from long-read transcriptome sequencing, which revealed many novel proteins specific to the calcifying haptophytes. Our experiments provide insights into proteins involved in various aspects of coccolithogenesis. Our improved genome, complemented with transcriptomic and proteomic data, constitutes a new resource for investigating fundamental aspects of coccolithophore biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Skeffington
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Axel Fischer
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Sanja Sviben
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Magdalena Brzezinka
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Michał Górka
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Luca Bertinetti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Christian Woehle
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Max Planck-Genome-Centre Cologne, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Bruno Huettel
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Max Planck-Genome-Centre Cologne, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - André Scheffel
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Biology, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu X, Guerriero G, Domergue F, Beine-Golovchuk O, Cocco E, Berni R, Sergeant K, Hausman JF, Legay S. Characterization of MdMYB68, a suberin master regulator in russeted apples. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1143961. [PMID: 37021306 PMCID: PMC10067606 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1143961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apple russeting is mainly due to the accumulation of suberin in the cell wall in response to defects and damages in the cuticle layer. Over the last decades, massive efforts have been done to better understand the complex interplay between pathways involved in the suberization process in model plants. However, the regulation mechanisms which orchestrate this complex process are still under investigation. Our previous studies highlighted a number of transcription factor candidates from the Myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor family which might regulate suberization in russeted or suberized apple fruit skin. Among these, we identified MdMYB68, which was co-expressed with number of well-known key suberin biosynthesis genes. METHOD To validate the MdMYB68 function, we conducted an heterologous transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana combined with whole gene expression profiling analysis (RNA-Seq), quantification of lipids and cell wall monosaccharides, and microscopy. RESULTS MdMYB68 overexpression is able to trigger the expression of the whole suberin biosynthesis pathway. The lipid content analysis confirmed that MdMYB68 regulates the deposition of suberin in cell walls. Furthermore, we also investigated the alteration of the non-lipid cell wall components and showed that MdMYB68 triggers a massive modification of hemicelluloses and pectins. These results were finally supported by the microscopy. DISCUSSION Once again, we demonstrated that the heterologous transient expression in N. benthamiana coupled with RNA-seq is a powerful and efficient tool to investigate the function of suberin related transcription factors. Here, we suggest MdMYB68 as a new regulator of the aliphatic and aromatic suberin deposition in apple fruit, and further describe, for the first time, rearrangements occurring in the carbohydrate cell wall matrix, preparing this suberin deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xu
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Frederic Domergue
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) – Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5200, Laboratoire de biogenèse Membranaire, Bâtiment A3 ‐ Institut Natitonal de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Olga Beine-Golovchuk
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Emmanuelle Cocco
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Roberto Berni
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moussu S, Ingram G. The EXTENSIN enigma. Cell Surf 2023; 9:100094. [PMID: 36659959 PMCID: PMC9842689 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2023.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
EXTENSINS (EXTs) are an abundant and yet enigmatic class of cell wall proteins that are found across multicellular plant lineages, from Bryophytes to Angiosperms. They have been shown to be integrated within the cell wall matrix, and are proposed to play key roles in the dynamic regulation of cell-wall properties. Consistent with this, EXTs are thought to be important for plant growth and development. However, like many other classes of cell wall proteins, EXTs are biochemically complex, highly diverse, and are encoded by multiple genes, making in-depth functional characterization a challenging undertaking. Here we will provide an overview of current knowledge of the biochemistry and properties of EXTs, and of the tools that have been deployed to study their biological functions in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Moussu
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31320 Auzeville Tolosane, France
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding authors at: Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31320 Auzeville Tolosane, France (S. Moussu) and Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plants, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, UCBL, Lyon, France (G.Ingram).
| | - Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, UCBL, Lyon, France
- Corresponding authors at: Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31320 Auzeville Tolosane, France (S. Moussu) and Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plants, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, UCBL, Lyon, France (G.Ingram).
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Feng J, Li Z, Luo W, Liang G, Xu Y, Chong K. COG2 negatively regulates chilling tolerance through cell wall components altered in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:19. [PMID: 36680595 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chilling-tolerant QTL gene COG2 encoded an extensin and repressed chilling tolerance by affecting the compositions of cell wall. Rice as a major crop is susceptible to chilling stress. Chilling tolerance is a complex trait controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Here, we identify a QTL gene, COG2, that negatively regulates cold tolerance at seedling stage in rice. COG2 overexpression transgenic plants are sensitive to cold, whereas knockout transgenic lines enhance chilling tolerance. Natural variation analysis shows that Hap1 is a specific haplotype in japonica/Geng rice and correlates with chilling tolerance. The SNP1 in COG2 promoter is a specific divergency and leads to the difference in the expression level of COG2 between japonica/Geng and indica/Xian cultivars. COG2 encodes a cell wall-localized extensin and affects the compositions of cell wall, including pectin and cellulose, to defense the chilling stress. The results extend the understanding of the adaptation to the environment and provide an editing target for molecular design breeding of cold tolerance in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Kang Chong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Basheer J, Vadovič P, Šamajová O, Melicher P, Komis G, Křenek P, Králová M, Pechan T, Ovečka M, Takáč T, Šamaj J. Knockout of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3 causes barley root resistance against Fusarium graminearum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2847-2867. [PMID: 35993881 PMCID: PMC9706467 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in plant-fungal pathogenic interactions are poorly understood in crops. Here, microscopic, phenotypic, proteomic, and biochemical analyses revealed that roots of independent transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-based knockout lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) MAPK 3 (HvMPK3 KO) were resistant against Fusarium graminearum infection. When co-cultured with roots of the HvMPK3 KO lines, F. graminearum hyphae were excluded to the extracellular space, the growth pattern of extracellular hyphae was considerably deregulated, mycelia development was less efficient, and number of appressoria-like structures and their penetration potential were substantially reduced. Intracellular penetration of hyphae was preceded by the massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in attacked cells of the wild-type (WT), but ROS production was mitigated in the HvMPK3 KO lines. Suppression of ROS production in these lines coincided with elevated abundance of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Moreover, differential proteomic analysis revealed downregulation of several defense-related proteins in WT, and the upregulation of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) and cysteine proteases in HvMPK3 KO lines. Proteins involved in suberin formation, such as peroxidases, lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), and the GDSL esterase/lipase (containing "GDSL" aminosequence motif) were differentially regulated in HvMPK3 KO lines after F. graminearum inoculation. Consistent with proteomic analysis, microscopic observations showed enhanced suberin accumulation in roots of HvMPK3 KO lines, most likely contributing to the arrested infection by F. graminearum. These results suggest that TALEN-based knockout of HvMPK3 leads to barley root resistance against Fusarium root rot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasim Basheer
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Vadovič
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Melicher
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - George Komis
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Křenek
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Králová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tibor Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dauphin BG, Ranocha P, Dunand C, Burlat V. Cell-wall microdomain remodeling controls crucial developmental processes. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1033-1048. [PMID: 35710764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls display cellular and subcellular specificities. At the subcellular level, wall regional territories with specific compositions are necessary for macroscopic developmental processes. These regional specificities were named differently throughout the years, and are unified here under the term 'cell-wall microdomains' that define the local composition and organization of wall polymers underlying territories of wall loosening and/or softening or stiffening. We review the occurrence and developmental role of wall microdomains in different cell types. We primarily focus on the contribution of two categories of wall-remodeling molecular actors: fine-tuning of homogalacturonan (HG; pectin) demethylesterification patterns and two classes of oxidoreductases [class III peroxidases (CIII PRXs) and laccases (LACs)], but we also highlight two different molecular scaffolds recently identified for positioning specific CIII PRXs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien G Dauphin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Philippe Ranocha
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oguri S. Structure and Function of Plant Chitin-binding Lectins and Tomato Lectin. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2123.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Oguri
- Department of Northern Biosphere Agriculture, Faculty of Bioindustry Tokyo University of Agriculture
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Oguri S. Structure and Function of Plant Chitin-binding Lectins and Tomato Lectin. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2123.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Oguri
- Department of Northern Biosphere Agriculture, Faculty of Bioindustry Tokyo University of Agriculture
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dora S, Terrett OM, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. Plant-microbe interactions in the apoplast: Communication at the plant cell wall. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1532-1550. [PMID: 35157079 PMCID: PMC9048882 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The apoplast is a continuous plant compartment that connects cells between tissues and organs and is one of the first sites of interaction between plants and microbes. The plant cell wall occupies most of the apoplast and is composed of polysaccharides and associated proteins and ions. This dynamic part of the cell constitutes an essential physical barrier and a source of nutrients for the microbe. At the same time, the plant cell wall serves important functions in the interkingdom detection, recognition, and response to other organisms. Thus, both plant and microbe modify the plant cell wall and its environment in versatile ways to benefit from the interaction. We discuss here crucial processes occurring at the plant cell wall during the contact and communication between microbe and plant. Finally, we argue that these local and dynamic changes need to be considered to fully understand plant-microbe interactions.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fuentes-Lemus E, Hägglund P, López-Alarcón C, Davies MJ. Oxidative Crosslinking of Peptides and Proteins: Mechanisms of Formation, Detection, Characterization and Quantification. Molecules 2021; 27:15. [PMID: 35011250 PMCID: PMC8746199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent crosslinks within or between proteins play a key role in determining the structure and function of proteins. Some of these are formed intentionally by either enzymatic or molecular reactions and are critical to normal physiological function. Others are generated as a consequence of exposure to oxidants (radicals, excited states or two-electron species) and other endogenous or external stimuli, or as a result of the actions of a number of enzymes (e.g., oxidases and peroxidases). Increasing evidence indicates that the accumulation of unwanted crosslinks, as is seen in ageing and multiple pathologies, has adverse effects on biological function. In this article, we review the spectrum of crosslinks, both reducible and non-reducible, currently known to be formed on proteins; the mechanisms of their formation; and experimental approaches to the detection, identification and characterization of these species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.F.-L.); (P.H.)
| | - Per Hägglund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.F.-L.); (P.H.)
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Michael J. Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.F.-L.); (P.H.)
| |
Collapse
|