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Li J, Li Q, Guo N, Xian Q, Lan B, Nangia V, Mo F, Liu Y. Polyamines mediate the inhibitory effect of drought stress on nitrogen reallocation and utilization to regulate grain number in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1016-1035. [PMID: 37813095 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress poses a serious threat to grain formation in wheat. Nitrogen (N) plays crucial roles in plant organ development; however, the physiological mechanisms by which drought stress affects plant N availability and mediates the formation of grains in spikes of winter wheat are still unclear. In this study, we determined that pre-reproductive drought stress significantly reduced the number of fertile florets and the number of grains formed. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that this was related to N metabolism, and in particular, the metabolism pathways of arginine (the main precursor for synthesis of polyamine) and proline. Continuous drought stress restricted plant N accumulation and reallocation rates, and plants preferentially allocated more N to spike development. As the activities of amino acid biosynthesis enzymes and catabolic enzymes were inhibited, more free amino acids accumulated in young spikes. The expression of polyamine synthase genes was down-regulated under drought stress, whilst expression of genes encoding catabolic enzymes was enhanced, resulting in reductions in endogenous spermidine and putrescine. Treatment with exogenous spermidine optimized N allocation in young spikes and leaves, which greatly alleviated the drought-induced reduction in the number of grains per spike. Overall, our results show that pre-reproductive drought stress affects wheat grain numbers by regulating N redistribution and polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Nian Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Qinglin Xian
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Bing Lan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Vinay Nangia
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 6299-10112, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fei Mo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
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Yu T, Xin Y, Liu P. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) improves the filling process of maize grains at different ear positions by promoting starch accumulation and regulating hormone levels under high planting density. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:80. [PMID: 38291371 PMCID: PMC10830122 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher planting densities typically cause a decline in grain weight, limiting the potential for high maize yield. Additionally, variations in grain filling occur at different positions within the maize ear. Abscisic acid (ABA) is important for grain filling and regulates grain weight. However, the effects of exogenous ABA on the filling process of maize grains at different ear positions under high planting density are poorly understood. In this study, two summer maize hybrids (DengHai605 (DH605) and ZhengDan958 (ZD958)) commonly grown in China were used to examine the effects of ABA application during the flowering stage on grain filling properties, starch accumulation, starch biosynthesis associated enzyme activities, and hormone levels of maize grain (including inferior grain (IG) and superior grain (SG)) under high planting density. RESULTS Our results showed that exogenous ABA significantly increased maize yield, primarily owing to a higher grain weight resulting from an accelerated grain filling rate relative to the control. There was no significant difference in yield between DH605 and ZD958 in the control and ABA treatments. Moreover, applying ABA promoted starch accumulation by raising the activities of sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, granule-bound starch synthases, soluble starch synthase, and starch branching enzyme in grains. It also increased the levels of zeatin riboside, indole-3-acetic acid, and ABA and decreased the level of gibberellin in grains, resulting in more efficient grain filling. Notably, IG exhibited a less efficient filling process compared to SG, probably due to lower starch biosynthesis associated enzyme activities and an imbalance in hormone contents. Nevertheless, IG displayed greater sensitivity to exogenous ABA than SG, suggesting that appropriate cultural measures to improve IG filling may be a viable strategy to further increase maize yield. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, spraying exogenous ABA could effectively improve grain filling properties, accelerate starch accumulation by increasing relevant enzyme activities, and regulate hormone levels in grains, resulting in higher grain weight and yield of maize under high planting density. Our findings offer more evidence for using exogenous hormones to improve maize yield under high planting density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Yuning Xin
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, P.R. China.
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Li Y, Su Z, Lin Y, Xu Z, Bao H, Wang F, Liu J, Hu S, Wang Z, Yu X, Gao J. Utilizing transcriptomics and metabolomics to unravel key genes and metabolites of maize seedlings in response to drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:34. [PMID: 38185653 PMCID: PMC10773024 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress can substantially restrict maize growth and productivity, and global warming and an increasing frequency of extreme weather events are likely to result in more yield losses in the future. Therefore, unraveling the molecular mechanism underlying the response to drought stress is essential for breeding drought-resilient crops. RESULTS In this study, we subjected the 3-leaf-period plants of two maize inbred lines, a drought-tolerant line (si287) and a drought-sensitive line (X178), to drought stress for seven days while growing in a chamber. Subsequently, we measured physiological traits and analyzed transcriptomic and metabolic profiles of two inbred lines. Our KEGG analysis of genes and metabolites revealed significant differences in pathways related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Additionally, our joint analysis identified proline, tryptophan and phenylalanine are crucial amino acids for maize response to drought stress. Furthermore, we concentrated on tryptophan (Trp), which was found to enhance tolerance via IAA-ABA signaling, as well as SA and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) consequent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. We identified three hub genes in tryptophan biosynthesis, indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase (ZmAO1, 542,228), catalase 1 (ZmCAT1, 542,369), and flavin-containing monooxygenase 6 (ZmYUC6, 103,629,142), High expression of these genes plays a significant role in regulating drought tolerance. Two metabolites related to tryptophan biosynthesis, quinolinic acid, and kynurenine improved maize tolerance to drought stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSIONS This study illuminates the mechanisms underlying the response of maize seedlings to drought stress. Especially, it identifies novel candidate genes and metabolites, enriching our understanding of the role of tryptophan in drought stress. The identification of distinct resistance mechanisms in maize inbred lines will facilitate the exploration of maize germplasm and the breeding of drought-resilient hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipu Li
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Zhijun Su
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanan Lin
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhenghan Xu
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haizhu Bao
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fugui Wang
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Shuping Hu
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Julin Gao
- Region Research Center for Conservation and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources in Cold and Arid Areas, Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
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Yang H, Li Y, Zhao J, Chen Z, Huang X, Fan G. Regulating the composition and secondary structure of wheat protein through canopy shading to improve dough performance and nutritional index. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113399. [PMID: 37803737 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Viscoelastic properties of gluten proteins critically determine the biscuit-making quality. However, cultivar genetics and light conditions closely regulate the composition of the gluten proteins. The impact of pre- and post-anthesis shading (60 %) on amino acid profile, gluten protein composition, secondary structure, dough performance, and biscuit-making quality were evaluated using four wheat cultivars that differ in gluten protein composition. Pre- and post-anthesis shading increased the contents of gliadin, by 35.8 and 3.1 %; glutenin, by 27.6 and 7.3 %; and total protein, by 21.7 and 10.6 %, respectively, compared with those of unshaded plants. Conversely, the ratios of glutenin/gliadin, ω-/(α,β + γ)-gliadin, and high-molecular-weight/low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits decreased with shading. Strong-gluten cultivars exhibited smaller declines in these parameters than weak-gluten cultivars. Secondary structure analysis of the wheat protein revealed that shading increased β-sheet content but decreased β-turn content. Changes in protein components and their secondary structures caused an increase in wet gluten content, dough development time, and gluten performance index, thereby decreasing the biscuit spread ratio. Shading stress increased the protein content and nutrition index but decreased the biological value of protein by 2.5 %. Transcriptomic results revealed that shading induced 139 differentially expressed genes that decreased carbohydrate metabolism and increased amino acid metabolism, involved in increased protein content. Thus, canopy shading improves dough performance and nutrition index by regulating the amino acid profiles, protein compositions, and secondary structures. The study provides key insights for achieving superior grain quality under global dimming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiarong Zhao
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongkui Chen
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiulan Huang
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaoqiong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology & Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Zhao M, Du C, Zeng J, Gao Z, Zhu Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Chen M, Wang Y, Chang J, Yang G, He G, Li Y, Chen X. Integrated omic analysis provides insights into the molecular regulation of stress tolerance by partial root-zone drying in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1156514. [PMID: 37360728 PMCID: PMC10288491 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1156514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Partial root-zone drying (PRD) is an effective water-saving irrigation strategy that improves stress tolerance and facilitates efficient water use in several crops. It has long been considered that abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent drought resistance may be involved during partial root-zone drying. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PRD-mediated stress tolerance remain unclear. It's hypothesized that other mechanisms might contribute to PRD-mediated drought tolerance. Here, rice seedlings were used as a research model and the complex transcriptomic and metabolic reprogramming processes were revealed during PRD, with several key genes involved in osmotic stress tolerance identified by using a combination of physiological, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses. Our results demonstrated that PRD induces transcriptomic alteration mainly in the roots but not in the leaves and adjusts several amino-acid and phytohormone metabolic pathways to maintain the balance between growth and stress response compared to the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-treated roots. Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome associated the co-expression modules with PRD-induced metabolic reprogramming. Several genes encoding the key transcription factors (TFs) were identified in these co-expression modules, highlighting several key TFs, including TCP19, WRI1a, ABF1, ABF2, DERF1, and TZF7, involved in nitrogen metabolism, lipid metabolism, ABA signaling, ethylene signaling, and stress regulation. Thus, our work presents the first evidence that molecular mechanisms other than ABA-mediated drought resistance are involved in PRD-mediated stress tolerance. Overall, our results provide new insights into PRD-mediated osmotic stress tolerance, clarify the molecular regulation induced by PRD, and identify genes useful for further improving water-use efficiency and/or stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Zhao
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Soil Resources in North Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Canghao Du
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Soil Resources in North Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihong Gao
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Soil Resources in North Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongyong Zhu
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Soil Resources in North Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinfei Wang
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Soil Resources in North Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Soil Resources in North Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zetao Zhu
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Soil Resources in North Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqiong Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junli Chang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yin Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water and Soil Resources in North Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
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Zhi J, Zeng J, Wang Y, Zhao H, Wang G, Guo J, Wang Y, Chen M, Yang G, He G, Chen X, Chang J, Li Y. A multi-omic resource of wheat seed tissues for nutrient deposition and improvement for human health. Sci Data 2023; 10:269. [PMID: 37164961 PMCID: PMC10172328 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As a globally important staple crop, wheat seeds provide us with nutrients and proteins. The trend of healthy dietary has become popular recently, emphasizing the consumption of whole-grain wheat products and the dietary benefits. However, the dynamic changes in nutritional profiles of different wheat seed regions (i.e., the embryo, endosperm and outer layers) during developmental stages and the molecular regulation have not been well studied. Here, we provide this multi-omic resource of wheat seeds and describe the generation, technical assessment and preliminary analyses. This resource includes a time-series RNA-seq dataset of the embryo, endosperm and outer layers of wheat seeds and their corresponding metabolomic dataset, covering the middle and late stages of seed development. Our RNA-seq experiments profile the expression of 63,708 genes, while the metabolomic data includes the abundance of 984 metabolites. We believe that this was the first reported transcriptome and metabolome dataset of wheat seeds that helps understand the molecular regulation of the deposition of beneficial nutrients and hence improvements for nutritional and processing quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhi
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, China
| | - Yaqiong Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guoli Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512005, China.
| | - Junli Chang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yin Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Sun H, Li W, Liang Y, Li G. Shading Stress at Different Grain Filling Stages Affects Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation and Remobilization in Fresh Waxy Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091742. [PMID: 37176801 PMCID: PMC10180541 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Shading stress caused by plum rain season, which overlapped with grain filling process of fresh waxy maize in Southern China, significantly affected crop productivity. In order to investigate the effects of shading at different stages after pollination on the yield, accumulation, and remobilization of dry matter and nitrogen (N) in fresh waxy maize, field experiments were conducted, including shading at 1-7 (Z1), 8-14 (Z2), 15-21 (Z3), and 1-21 (Z4) days after pollination in 2020 and 2021. The results showed that shading reduced the fresh ear and grain yield and increased moisture content in Suyunuo5 (SYN5) and Jingkenuo2000 (JKN2000) compared to natural lighting treatment (CK). The ear yield decrease was more severe in Z4 (43.5%), followed by Z1 (29.7%). Post-silking dry matter and N accumulation and remobilization were decreased under shading stress, and those were lowest in Z4, followed by Z1. The remobilization of pre-silking dry matter and N were increased by shading stress, and the increase was highest in Z4, followed by Z1. The harvest index of dry matter and N was lowest in Z4 and second-lowest in Z1. In conclusion, shading decreased yield by affecting accumulation and remobilization of post-silking dry matter and N, and the impact was more serious when it introduced early during grain filling stage in fresh waxy maize production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuwen Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guanghao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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