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Tao J, Zuo J, Watkins CB, Bai C, He X, Liu S, Han L, Zhao X, Liu Y, Li J, Zheng Y. Low storage temperature affects quality and volatile compounds in fresh tomatoes. Food Chem 2024; 460:140400. [PMID: 39033633 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the impact of low temperature on the quality and flavor of ripe red tomatoes, we analyzed transcriptomes and volatile metabolomes of ripe red fruits stored at 0 °C and 20 °C for 8 days. The results showed that 0 °C maintained the sugar content by increasing the expression of sucrose synthetase (SUS) and sucrose transporter (SUT). Low expression of aroma synthesis-related genes, such as alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1), amino acid decarboxylase 1 A (AADC1A), and branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2), were associated with reduced levels of pentanal, hexanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2-methylbutanal, and 2-phenylethanol. Additionally, the expression of pectinesterase (PE), beta-galactosidase (β-GAL), and beta-glucosidase (β-Glu), as well as phytoene synthase1 (PSY1) involved in carotenoid synthesis, was inhibited, thereby maintaining fruits texture and color. Furthermore, storage at 0 °C induced the expression of numerous genes regulating antioxidant and heat shock proteins, which further preserved the postharvest quality of tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Tao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Christopher B Watkins
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xuelian He
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lichun Han
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China.
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Pei ZQ, Ma C, Dong CY, Xu TT, Chai CH, Zhu Q, Wang J, Zheng S, Zhang TG. Target of rapamycin coordinates auxin are involved in exogenous melatonin regulated low temperature tolerance in cucumber seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109055. [PMID: 39182426 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Low temperature (LT) is an important environmental factor affecting the growth and yield of plants. Melatonin (MT) can effectively enhance the LT tolerance of cucumber. This study found that LT stress induced the expression of Comt1 (caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1), with the highest expression being about 2-times that of the control. Meanwhile, the content of MT was found to be roughly 63.16% of that in the control samples. Compared with LT treatment alone, exogenous MT pretreatment upregulated the expression levels of TOR (Target of rapamycin), PIN1 (Pin-formed 1), and YUC4 (YUCCA 4), with maximum upregulations reaching approximately 66.67%, 79.32%, and 42.86%, respectively. These results suggest that MT may modulate the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to LT stress by regulating the expression of TOR, PIN1, and YUC4. In addition, co-treatment with AZD-8055 (a TOR inhibitor) or NPA (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an auxin polar transport inhibitor) and MT attenuated MT-induced resistance to LT stress, leading to higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced antioxidant defense capacity, and increased damage to the membrane system in cucumber seedlings. Concurrently, the content of osmoregulatory substances and the photosynthesis decreased. These results demonstrate that both TOR and auxin were required for MT to alleviate LT-induced damage in cucumber. In summary, the present study demonstrates that TOR and auxin signaling synergistically contribute to alleviating LT damage in cucumber seedlings by exogenous MT. These findings help us understand the function of MT and provide insights into the regulatory network of MT that regulates the LT tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Cui-Yun Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Cai-Hong Chai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qiao Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Teng-Guo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Amin B, Atif MJ, Kandegama W, Nasar J, Alam P, Fang Z, Cheng Z. Low temperature and high humidity affect dynamics of chlorophyll biosynthesis and secondary metabolites in Cucumber. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:903. [PMID: 39350005 PMCID: PMC11441134 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the cold season, low temperature (LT) and high relative humidity (HRH) are significant environmental factors in greenhouses and plastic tunnels, often hindering plant growth and development. The chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis inhibitory mechanisms under LT and HRH stress are still widely unclear. To understand how cucumbers seedlings respond to LT and HRH stress, we investigated the impact of these stressors on Chl biosynthesis. RESULTS Our results revealed that individual LT, HRH and combined LT + HRH stress conditions affected chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content, reducing the levels of these pigments. The levels of Chlorophyll precursors were also markedly reduced under LT and HRH stresses, with the greatest reduction observed in cucumber seedlings exposed to LT + HRH conditions (9/5℃, 95%HRH). The activities of glutamate-1-semialdehyde transaminase (GSA-AT), ALA dehydratase (ALAD), Mg-chelatase, and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) were increased under individual LT, HRH, conditions but decreased by combination of LT + HRH stress condition. In addition, Chl biosynthesis related genes (except PBG) were upregulated by the HRH stress but were significantly downregulated under the LT + HRH stress condition in cucumber seedlings. Furthermore, the content of phenols, flavonoids and phenolic acids (cinnamic acid and caffeic acid) were significantly surged under LT + HRH treatment over the control. Histochemical observation showed higher O2- and H2O2 content in cucumber leaves during the LT and HRH stress. CONCLUSION The results indicate that LT + HRH stress significantly impairs chlorophyll biosynthesis in cucumber seedlings by drastically reducing pigment accumulation, altering enzyme activity and gene expression. Additionally, LT + HRH stress induces oxidative damage, which further exacerbates the decline in chlorophyll content and affects overall cucumber metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakht Amin
- Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province, College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Horticultural Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Wmww Kandegama
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila, Sri Lanka
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jamal Nasar
- Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province, College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhongming Fang
- Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province, College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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Yuan X, Li J, Zhang X, Ai X, Bi H. Auxin as a downstream signal positively participates in melatonin-mediated chilling tolerance of cucumber. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14526. [PMID: 39318034 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Here, we elucidate the interaction between IAA and melatonin (MT) in response to chilling in cucumber. The results showed that chilling stress induced the increase of endogenous MT and IAA, and the application of MT promoted the synthesis of IAA, while IAA could not affect endogenous MT content under chilling stress. Moreover, MT and IAA application both remarkably increased the chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings in terms of lower contents of MDA and ROS, higher mRNA abundance of cold response genes, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximum regeneration rate of ribulose-1,5-diphosphate (Jmax), Rubisco maximum carboxylation efficiency (Vcmax), the activities and gene expression of RCA and Rubisco, as well as the content of active P700 (I/I0) and photosynthetic electron transport, compared with the plants in H2O treatment. Further analysis revealed that the inhibition of IAA transportation significantly reduced the chilling tolerance induced by MT, whereas the inhibition of endogenous MT did not affect the chilling tolerance induced by IAA. Meanwhile, we found that overexpression of the MT biosynthesis gene CsASMT increased the chilling tolerance, which was blocked by inhibition of endogenous IAA, and the silence of IAA biosynthesis gene CsYUCCA10 decreased the chilling tolerance of cucumber, which could not be alleviated by MT. These data implied IAA acted as a downstream signal to participate in the MT-induced chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings. The study has implications for the production of greenhouse cucumber in winter seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Yuan
- Key laboratory of crop biology and genetic improvement of horticultural crops in Huanghuai region/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Li
- Key laboratory of crop biology and genetic improvement of horticultural crops in Huanghuai region/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Key laboratory of crop biology and genetic improvement of horticultural crops in Huanghuai region/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xizhen Ai
- Key laboratory of crop biology and genetic improvement of horticultural crops in Huanghuai region/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Huangai Bi
- Key laboratory of crop biology and genetic improvement of horticultural crops in Huanghuai region/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, P.R. China
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Zhu J, Lou H, Yan C, Zhang W, Li Z. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Cold Tolerance by Regulating the Expression of Photosynthetic Performance, Antioxidant System, and Related Genes in Cotton. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2010. [PMID: 39124128 PMCID: PMC11314530 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In China, cotton is a significant cash crop, and cold stress negatively impacts the crop's development, production, and quality formation. Recent studies have shown that melatonin (MT) can alleviate the damage to plants under cold stress and promote good growth and development. In this study, the morphological and physiological changes induced by exogenous melatonin pretreatment on 'Xinluzao 33' cotton seedlings under cold stress were examined to investigate its defensive effects. The results showed that 100 μM MT pretreatment improved the cold resistance of cotton most significantly. It also improved the wilting state of cotton under cold stress, greatly increased the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and photosynthetic performance index (PIabs) by 116.92%, 47.16%, 32.30%, and 50.22%, respectively, and mitigated the adverse effects of low-temperature. In addition, MT supplementation substantially reduced the accumulation of superoxide anion (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by 14.5% and 45.49%, respectively, in cold-stressed cotton leaves by modulating the antioxidant system, thereby mitigating oxidative damage. Furthermore, MT pretreatment increased the endogenous melatonin content (23.80%) and flavonoid content (21.44%) and considerably induced the expression of biosynthesis enzyme-related genes. The above results indicate that exogenous melatonin improves the low-temperature resistance of cotton seedlings by regulating photosynthetic performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, antioxidant content, endogenous melatonin and flavonoid content, and the expression levels of genes related to their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (J.Z.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Hui Lou
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (J.Z.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chen Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (J.Z.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (J.Z.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zhibo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (J.Z.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
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Wang K, He J, Gao Y, Han K, Liu J, Wang Y. Exogenous melatonin improved the growth and development of naked oat seedlings under cadmium stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88109-88118. [PMID: 35821327 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has become a global problem, which affect more and more crop yields. Melatonin (MT) is widely used in plant stress resistance to alleviate the toxicity caused by heavy metals and other stresses. In this paper, the effects of exogenous 50 μM and 100 μM MT on the growth and development of naked oat seedlings under cadmium stress (25 mg L-1) were studied. The results showed that different concentrations of MT could promote the growth of naked oat seedlings under 25-mg L-1 cadmium stress. The application of exogenous melatonin could significantly increase the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll, and proline contents of naked oats. MT could also reduce the contents of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and malondialdehyde in the cells of naked oat seedlings, and increase the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT. In addition, exogenous melatonin could affect the gene expression of LOX, POX, and Asmap1 in MAPK family and NAC and WRKY1 in TFS family in naked oat seedlings, thus promoting the growth and development of naked oat seedlings. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate that MT is able to alleviate the negative effects to treat naked oat seedlings with cadmium stress. Therefore, melatonin has the potential to be applied in crops threatened by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jinjin He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Kai Han
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yingjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Wu P, Ma Y, Ahammed GJ, Hao B, Chen J, Wan W, Zhao Y, Cui H, Xu W, Cui J, Liu H. Insights into melatonin-induced photosynthetic electron transport under low-temperature stress in cucumber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1029854. [PMID: 36407604 PMCID: PMC9671077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1029854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the differences in chlorophyll fluorescence transient (OJIP) and modulated 820 nm reflection (MR820) of cucumber leaves were probed to demonstrate an insight into the precise influence of melatonin (MT) on cucumber photosystems under low temperature stress. We pre-treated cucumber seedlings with different levels of MT (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μmol · L-1) before imposing low temperature stress (10 °C/6 °C). The results indicated that moderate concentrations of MT had a positive effect on the growth of low temperature-stressed cucumber seedlings. Under low temperature stress conditions, 100 μmol · L-1 (MT 100) improved the performance of the active photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers (PIabs), the oxygen evolving complex activity (OEC centers) and electron transport between PSII and PSI, mainly by decreasing the L-band, K-band, and G-band, but showed differences with different duration of low temperature stress. In addition, these indicators related to quantum yield and energy flux of PSII regulated by MT indicated that MT (MT 100) effectively protected the electron transport and energy distribution in the photosystem. According to the results of WO-I ≥ 1 and MR820 signals, MT also affected PSI activity. MT 100 decreased the minimal value of MR/MRO and the oxidation rate of plastocyanin (PC) and PSI reaction center (P700) (Vox ), while increased △MRslow/MRO and deoxidation rates of PC+ and P700 + (Vred ). The loss of the slow phase of MT 200 and MT 400-treated plants in the MR820 kinetics was due to the complete prevention of electron movement from PSII to re-reduce the PC+ and P700 +. These results suggest that appropriate MT concentration (100 μmol · L-1) can improve the photosynthetic performance of PS II and electron transport from primary quinone electron acceptor (QA) to secondary quinone electron acceptor (QB), promote the balance of energy distribution, strengthen the connectivity of PSI and PSII, improve the electron flow of PSII via QA to PC+ and P700 + from reaching PSI by regulating multiple sites of electron transport chain in photosynthesis, and increase the pool size and reduction rates of PSI in low temperature-stressed cucumber plants, All these modifications by MT 100 treatment promoted the photosynthetic electron transfer smoothly, and further restored the cucumber plant growth under low temperature stress. Therefore, we conclude that spraying MT at an appropriate concentration is beneficial for protecting the photosynthetic electron transport chain, while spraying high concentrations of MT has a negative effect on regulating the low temperature tolerance in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yadong Ma
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Baoyu Hao
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenliang Wan
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Huimei Cui
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jinxia Cui
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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8
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Li J, Xie J, Yu J, Lyv J, Zhang J, Ding D, Li N, Zhang J, Bakpa EP, Yang Y, Niu T, Gao F. Melatonin enhanced low-temperature combined with low-light tolerance of pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings by regulating root growth, antioxidant defense system, and osmotic adjustment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:998293. [PMID: 36247609 PMCID: PMC9554354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.998293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is an important biologically active hormone that plays a vital role in plant growth and development. In particular, it has been investigated for its roles in abiotic stress management. In this study, pepper seedlings were subjected to low-temperature combined with low-light stress (LL) (15/5°C, 100 μmol m-2s-1) prior to a foliar spray of 200mM MT for 168h to investigate the protective role of MT in pepper seedlings. Our results demonstrated that LL stress negatively affected root growth, and accelerated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including H2O2 and O 2 - , changed the osmolytes contents, and antioxidative system. However, these were reversed by exogenous MT application. MT effectively promoted the root growth as indicated by significant increase in root length, surface area, root volume, tips, forks, and crossings. In addition, MT reduced the burst of ROS and MDA contents induced by LL, enhanced the activities of SOD, CAT, POD, APX, DHAR, and MDHAR resulted by upregulated expressions of CaSOD, CaPOD, CaCAT, CaAPX, CaDHAR, and CaMDHAR, and elevated the contents of AsA and GSH, declined DHA and GSSH contents, which prevented membrane lipid peroxidation and protected plants from oxidative damages under LL stress. Furthermore, seedlings treated with MT released high contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in leave, which might enhance LL tolerance by maintaining substance biosynthesis and maintaining cellular homeostasis resulted by high levels of osmolytes and carbohydrate in the cytosol. Our current findings confirmed the mitigating potential of MT application for LL stress by promoting pepper root growth, improving antioxidative defense system, ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and osmotic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lyv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institution of Vegetable, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongxia Ding
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nenghui Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Yan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianhang Niu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Lin S, Song XF, Mao HT, Li SQ, Gan JY, Yuan M, Zhang ZW, Yuan S, Zhang HY, Su YQ, Chen YE. Exogenous melatonin improved photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II by reversible phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins in wheat under osmotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:966181. [PMID: 35982696 PMCID: PMC9380962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.966181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been well demonstrated that melatonin plays an important protective role in photosynthesis of plants under various environmental stresses, while the detailed mechanisms by which melatonin protects photosystem II (PSII) under environmental stress are still unclear. In the study, the effects of melatonin on photosynthetic efficiency, energy dissipation, PSII protein composition, and reversible phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins were investigated in wheat plants under osmotic stress. The results showed that osmotic stress significantly reduced pigment content, photochemical efficiency of PSII, oxygen-evolving activity, and dissipation of excess excitation energy, while 25 μM melatonin applications greatly alleviated their decline under osmotic stress. Western blot data of PSII proteins revealed that melatonin upregulated the levels of D1, Lhcb5, Lhcb6, PsbQ, and PsbS proteins in wheat exposed to osmotic stress. In addition, thylakoid membrane proteins were strongly phosphorylated in wheat under osmotic stress with or without melatonin. Furthermore, the results from PSII protein dephosphorylation showed that exogenous melatonin promoted the dephosphorylation of LCHII, CP43, and D1 under osmotic stress. Therefore, our findings suggest that melatonin can provide an effective protection for the photosynthetic apparatus by the regulation of PSII proteins and the reversible phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Hao-Tian Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Shuang-Qing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Jie-Ying Gan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huai-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Su
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang-Er Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
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10
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Amin B, Atif MJ, Meng H, Ali M, Li S, Alharby HF, Majrashi A, Hakeem KR, Cheng Z. Melatonin Rescues Photosynthesis and Triggers Antioxidant Defense Response in Cucumis sativus Plants Challenged by Low Temperature and High Humidity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:855900. [PMID: 35574101 PMCID: PMC9094117 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.855900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as low temperature (LT) and high humidity (HH) hinder plant growth and development in plastic tunnels and solar greenhouses in the cold season. In this study, we examined the effect of melatonin (MT) on shoot-based tolerance to LT and HH conditions in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings and explored its underlying mechanism. LT and HH stress inhibited growth and biomass accumulation, produced leaf chlorosis, led to oxidative stress, lowered chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, reduced photosynthetic and photosystem II (PSII) activities, and increased the level of intercellular carbon dioxide and the non-photochemical quenching of photosystem I (PSI) and PSII. However, foliar application of MT significantly improved the morphological indices and photosynthetic efficiency of cucumber seedlings, which entailed the elevation of electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species accumulation by boosting the antioxidant enzyme defense system under LT and HH conditions. Additionally, the measurement of nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) contents in roots and leaves showed that MT significantly augmented the nutrient uptake of cucumber seedlings exposed to LT and HH stresses. Furthermore, MT application increased the transcripts levels of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes under LT and HH conditions, whereas treatment with LT and HH suppressed these genes, suggesting that MT application increases the LT and HH tolerance of cucumber seedlings. Overall, our results suggest that MT application increases the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to LT and HH stress by enhancing the plant morphometric parameters, regulating PSI and PSII, and activating the antioxidant defense mechanism. Thus, the exogenous application of MT could be potentially employed as a strategy to improve the LT and HH tolerance of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakht Amin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Horticultural Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huanwen Meng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuju Li
- Tianjin Kerun Cucumber Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Majrashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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11
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Jing T, Liu K, Wang Y, Ai X, Bi H. Melatonin Positively Regulates Both Dark- and Age-Induced Leaf Senescence by Reducing ROS Accumulation and Modulating Abscisic Acid and Auxin Biosynthesis in Cucumber Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3576. [PMID: 35408936 PMCID: PMC8998517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), as a signaling molecule, plays a vital role in regulating leaf senescence in plants. This study aimed to verify the antioxidant roles of MT in delaying dark- or age-induced leaf senescence of cucumber plants. The results showed that endogenous MT responds to darkness and overexpression of CsASMT, the key gene of MT synthesis, and delays leaf senescence stimulated by darkness, as manifested by significantly lower malonaldehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents as well as higher activities and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes compared to the control. Moreover, MT suppressed both age- or dark-induced leaf senescence of cucumber, as evidenced by a decrease in senescence-related gene SAG20 and cell-death-related gene PDCD expression and ROS content and an increase in antioxidant capacity and chlorophyll biosynthesis compared with the H2O-treated seedlings. Meanwhile, the suppression of age-induced leaf senescence by melatonin was also reflected by the reduction in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling pathways as well as the promotion of auxin (IAA) biosynthesis and signaling pathways in cucumber plants in the solar greenhouse. Combining the results of the two separate experiments, we demonstrated that MT acts as a powerful antioxidant to alleviate leaf senescence by activating the antioxidant system and IAA synthesis and signaling while inhibiting ABA synthesis and signaling in cucumber plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Huangai Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (T.J.); (K.L.); (Y.W.); (X.A.)
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