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Yuan M, Jin T, Wu J, Li L, Chen G, Chen J, Wang Y, Sun J. IAA-miR164a-NAC100L1 module mediates symbiotic incompatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted seedlings through regulating callose deposition. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad287. [PMID: 38371634 PMCID: PMC10873582 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Grafting is one of the key technologies to overcome the obstacles of continuous cropping, and improve crop yield and quality. However, the symbiotic incompatibility between rootstock and scion affects the normal growth and development of grafted seedlings after survival. The specific molecular regulation mechanism of graft incompatibility is still largely unclear. In this study, we found that the IAA-miR164a-NAC100L1 module induced callose deposition to mediate the symbiotic incompatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted seedlings. The incompatible combination (IG) grafting interface accumulated more callose, and the activity of callose synthase (CmCalS1) and IAA content were significantly higher than in the compatible combination (CG). Treatment with IAA polar transport inhibitor in the root of the IG plants decreased CmCalS activity and callose content. Furthermore, IAA negatively regulated the expression of Cm-miR164a, which directly targeted cleavage of CmNAC100L1. Interestingly, CmNAC100L1 interacted with CmCalS1 to regulate its activity. Further analysis showed that the interaction between CmNAC100L1 and CmCalS1 increased the activity of CmCalS1 in the IG plants but decreased it in the CG plants. Point mutation analysis revealed that threonine at the 57th position of CmCalS1 protein played a critical role to maintain its enzyme activity in the incompatible rootstock. Thus, IAA inhibited the expression of Cm-miR164a to elevate the expression of CmNAC100L1, which promoted CmNAC100L1 interaction with CmCalS1 to enhance CmCalS1 activity, resulting in callose deposition and symbiotic incompatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tong Jin
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangling Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Lee CY, Wang JF, Chang CH, Tung CW. Analyzing genomic variation in cultivated pumpkins and identification of candidate genes controlling seed traits. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20393. [PMID: 37776006 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Pumpkins are important vegetable crops widely grown worldwide, and seeds are considered a popular nutraceutical food and an excellent source of protein, oil, and vitamins. Seed size is one of the most important targets for commercial breeding in Cucurbita species; studies have shown that pumpkin seed size variation has a similar trend with fruit size, shape, and seed yield. However, few studies have been conducted to identify genetic loci controlling seed-related traits in cultivated pumpkins. This study analyzed the genomic characteristics of pumpkin breeding materials of 321 Cucurbita accessions collected worldwide, including Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita pepo, using extensive single nucleotide polymorphisms obtained from the genotyping-by-sequencing method, significant genetic variations were identified within and between Cucurbita species. Four major cultivar fruit types were further revealed in C. moschata species, and significant differentiation patterns were detected in several chromosomal regions. A total of 15 significant loci associated with pumpkin seed traits were mapped through a genome-wide association approach; 32 genes previously reported to be associated with seed size regulation in Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa were located in the intervals defined by linkage disequilibrium. Through this study, we gained a deep understanding of the genomic variation distribution across Cucurbita species. The available genetic resources and the associated genetic contents could be used in commercial pumpkin breeding and will facilitate molecular marker-assisted selection in pumpkin seed trait improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ying Lee
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Breeding Technology Group, Known-you Seed Co., Ltd, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Fen Wang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Chang
- Breeding Technology Group, Known-you Seed Co., Ltd, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Tung
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhao B, Liu Z, Zhu C, Zhang Z, Shi W, Lu Q, Sun J. Saline-Alkaline Stress Resistance of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes Grafted on Different Rootstocks and Rootstock Combinations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2881. [PMID: 37571034 PMCID: PMC10421111 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Grafting the wine grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon onto salinity-tolerant rootstocks can improve salinity tolerance and grape yields in regions with high salinity soils. In this experiment, the effects of different rootstocks and rootstock combinations on the saline-alkaline stress (modified Hoagland nutrient solution + 50 mmol L-1 (NaCl + NaHCO3)) of Cabernet Sauvignon were studied. Correlation and principal component analyses were conducted on several physiological indicators of saline-alkaline stress. Salinity limited biomass accumulation, induced damage to the plant membrane, reduced the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity of plants, and increased the content of malondialdehyde, sodium (Na+)/potassium (K+) ratio, and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase). Significant differences in several indicators were observed among the experimental groups. The results indicate that the saline-alkaline tolerance of Cabernet Sauvignon after grafting was the same as that of the rootstock, indicating that the increased resistance of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes to saline-alkaline stress stems from the transferability of the saline-alkaline stress resistance of the rootstock to the scion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Chunmei Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Wenchao Shi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Qianjun Lu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Junli Sun
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Z.); (Z.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.S.); (Q.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Shihezi 832003, China
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Ren C, Fan P, Li S, Liang Z. Advances in understanding cold tolerance in grapevine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:kiad092. [PMID: 36789447 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis ssp.) is a deciduous perennial fruit crop, and the canes and buds of grapevine should withstand low temperatures annually during winter. However, the widely cultivated Vitis vinifera is cold-sensitive and cannot survive the severe winter in regions with extremely low temperatures, such as viticulture regions in northern China. By contrast, a few wild Vitis species like V. amurensis and V. riparia exhibit excellent freezing tolerance. However, the mechanisms underlying grapevine cold tolerance remain largely unknown. In recent years, much progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms, owing to the advances in sequencing and molecular biotechnology. Assembly of grapevine genomes together with resequencing and transcriptome data enable researchers to conduct genomic and transcriptomic analyses in various grapevine genotypes and populations to explore genetic variations involved in cold tolerance. In addition, a number of pivotal genes have been identified and functionally characterized. In this review, we summarize recent major advances in physiological and molecular analyses of cold tolerance in grapevine and put forward questions in this field. We also discuss the strategies for improving the tolerance of grapevine to cold stress. Understanding grapevine cold tolerance will facilitate the development of grapevines for adaption to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
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Zhang J, Wang P, Tao Z, Tian H, Guo T. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria abate cadmium absorption and restore the rhizospheric bacterial community composition of grafted watermelon plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129563. [PMID: 35999731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The grafting of watermelon plants to rootstocks is common due to the strong capacity of rootstocks to adapt to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on grafted watermelon plant growth and bacterial structures in root soil is unclear. In this study, the growth and hormone levels of grafted plants were measured, and the bacterial communities under cadmium (Cd) stress and inoculation with PSB were sequenced in three treatments (S1, control; S2, 50 μmol Cd [CdCl2]; and S3, 50 μmol Cd plus inoculation with the Cd-resistant PSB strain 'N3'). The results showed that inoculation with PSB significantly (P < 0.05) improved the total dry weight of the grafted plants. Typically, inoculation with PSB significantly (P < 0.05) reduced Cd content in scions and roots. The level of the phytohormone jasmonic acid increased in treatment S2, but decreased in treatment S3 under inoculation with PSB. The functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa showed that Cd decreased the abundance of nitrogen respiration and chloroplast functional groups. Nevertheless, inoculation with PSB helped restore bacterial community structures. These findings provide a new understanding of the effect of PSB on the promotion of seedling growth and bacterial communities in grafted watermelon plants under Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031 Anhui Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Seedling Breeding in Vegetable Factory, Ma-an-shan 238200, Anhui Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crops, Hefei 230031 Anhui Province, PR China.
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031 Anhui Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Seedling Breeding in Vegetable Factory, Ma-an-shan 238200, Anhui Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crops, Hefei 230031 Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031 Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Hongmei Tian
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031 Anhui Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Seedling Breeding in Vegetable Factory, Ma-an-shan 238200, Anhui Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crops, Hefei 230031 Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031 Anhui Province, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036 Anhui Province, PR China
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Sun J, Chen J, Si X, Liu W, Yuan M, Guo S, Wang Y. WRKY41/WRKY46-miR396b-5p-TPR module mediates abscisic acid-induced cold tolerance of grafted cucumber seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1012439. [PMID: 36160963 PMCID: PMC9493262 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1012439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is one of the key agronomic measures to enhance the tolerance to environmental stresses in horticultural plants, but the specific molecular regulation mechanism in this tolerance largely remains unclear. Here, we found that cucumber grafted onto figleaf gourd rootstock increased cold tolerance through abscisic acid (ABA) activating WRKY41/WRKY46-miR396b-5p-TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat-like superfamily protein) module. Cucumber seedlings grafted onto figleaf gourd increased cold tolerance and induced the expression of miR396b-5p. Furthermore, overexpression of cucumber miR396b-5p in Arabidopsis improved cold tolerance. 5' RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5' RLM-RACE) and transient transformation experiments demonstrated that TPR was the target gene of miR396b-5p, while TPR overexpression plants were hypersensitive to cold stress. The yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays showed that both WRKY41 and WRKY46 bound to MIR396b-5p promoter to induce its expression. Furthermore, cold stress enhanced the content of ABA in the roots and leaves of figleaf gourd grafted cucumber seedlings. Exogenous application of ABA induced the expression of WRKY41 and WRKY46, and cold tolerance of grafted cucumber seedlings. However, figleaf gourd rootstock-induced cold tolerance was compromised when plants were pretreated with ABA biosynthesis inhibitor. Thus, ABA mediated figleaf gourd grafting-induced cold tolerance of cucumber seedlings through activating the WRKY41/WRKY46-miR396b-5p-TPR module.
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Arginine Decarboxylase Gene ADC2 Regulates Fiber Elongation in Cotton. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050784. [PMID: 35627169 PMCID: PMC9140970 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton is an important agro-industrial crop providing raw material for the textile industry. Fiber length is the key factor that directly affects fiber quality. ADC, arginine decarboxylase, is the key rate-limiting enzyme in the polyamine synthesis pathway; whereas, there is no experimental evidence that ADC is involved in fiber development in cotton yet. Our transcriptome analysis of the fiber initiation material of Gossypium arboreum L. showed that the expression profile of GaADC2 was induced significantly. Here, GhADC2, the allele of GaADC2 in tetraploid upland cotton Gossypium hirsutum L., exhibited up-regulated expression pattern during fiber elongation in cotton. Levels of polyamine are correlated with fiber elongation; especially, the amount of putrescine regulated by ADC was increased. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the fiber length was increased with exogenous addition of an ADC substrate or product putrescine; whereas, the fiber density was decreased with exogenous addition of an ADC specific inhibitor. Next, genome-wide transcriptome profiling of fiber elongation with exogenous putrescine addition was performed to determine the molecular basis in Gossypium hirsutum. A total of 3163 differentially expressed genes were detected, which mainly participated in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathways. Genes encoding transcription factors MYB109, WRKY1, and TCP14 were enriched. Therefore, these results suggested the ADC2 and putrescine involvement in the development and fiber elongation of G. hirsutum, and provides a basis for cotton fiber development research in future.
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Kaseb MO, Umer MJ, Anees M, Zhu H, Zhao S, Lu X, He N, El-Remaly E, El-Eslamboly A, Yousef AF, Salama EAA, Alrefaei AF, Kalaji HM, Liu W. Transcriptome Profiling to Dissect the Role of Genome Duplication on Graft Compatibility Mechanisms in Watermelon. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:575. [PMID: 35453774 PMCID: PMC9029962 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a popular crop worldwide. Compared to diploid seeded watermelon, triploid seedless watermelon cultivars are in great demand. Grafting in triploid and tetraploid watermelon produces few seedlings. To learn more about how genome duplication affects graft compatibility, we compared the transcriptomes of tetraploid and diploid watermelons grafted on squash rootstock using a splicing technique. WGCNA was used to compare the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between diploid and tetraploid watermelon grafted seedlings at 0, 3, and 15 days after grafting (DAG). Only four gene networks/modules correlated significantly with phenotypic characteristics. We found 11 genes implicated in hormone, AOX, and starch metabolism in these modules based on intramodular significance and RT-qPCR. Among these genes, two were linked with IAA (r2 = 0.81), one with ZR (r2 = 0.85) and one with POD (r2 = 0.74). In the MElightsteelblue1 module, Cla97C11G224830 gene was linked with CAT (r2 = 0.81). Two genes from the MEivory module, Cla97C07G139710 and Cla97C04G077300, were highly linked with SOD (r2 = 0.72). Cla97C01G023850 and Cla97C01G006680 from the MEdarkolivegreen module were associated with sugars and starch (r2 = 0.87). Tetraploid grafted seedlings had higher survival rates and hormone, AOX, sugar, and starch levels than diploids. We believe that compatibility is a complicated issue that requires further molecular research. We found that genome duplication dramatically altered gene expression in the grafted plants' IAA and ZR signal transduction pathways and AOX biosynthesis pathways, regulating hormone levels and improving plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Omar Kaseb
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
- Cross Pollenated Plants Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12119, Egypt; (E.E.-R.); (A.E.-E.)
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Muhammad Anees
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Hongju Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Shengjie Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Nan He
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Eman El-Remaly
- Cross Pollenated Plants Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12119, Egypt; (E.E.-R.); (A.E.-E.)
| | - Ahmed El-Eslamboly
- Cross Pollenated Plants Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12119, Egypt; (E.E.-R.); (A.E.-E.)
| | - Ahmed F. Yousef
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University (Branch Assiut), Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Ehab A. A. Salama
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences–National Research Institute (ITP), 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
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