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Li X, Mushtaq N, Xing N, Wu S, Liu J, Wang Z. Efficient In Vitro Regeneration System and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Offer Insight into the Early Development Characteristics of Explants from Cotyledon with Partial Petiole in Small-Fruited Pepper ( Capsicum annuum). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7547. [PMID: 39062790 PMCID: PMC11277545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In our research, we utilized six small-fruited pepper germplasms as materials, selected cotyledons with the petiole and hypocotyls as explants, and conducted in vitro regeneration studies. Our outcomes specify that the most suitable explant is cotyledon with the petiole, and the suitable genotype is HNUCA341. The optimal medium for inducing and elongating adventitious buds for this genotype is Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) + 9.12 μM Zeatin (ZT) + 0.57 μM 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA), with a bud induction rate of 44.4%. The best rooting induction medium is MS + 1.14 μM IAA, with a rooting rate of 86.7%. Research on the addition of exogenous hormones has revealed that the induction speed of buds in small-fruited pepper (HNUCA341) in the combination of ZT and IAA hormones (abbreviated as ZI) is quicker, and the induction effect is better. The histological observations indicate that ZI treatment accelerates the initiation of explant division and differentiation, causing a shorter duration of vascular-bundle tissue production. The plant hormone signaling pathway was significantly enriched by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, including ARR9 (LOC107843874, LOC107843885), ARR4 (LOC107848380, LOC107862455), AHK4 (LOC107870540), AHP1 (LOC107839518), LAX2 (LOC107846008), SAUR36 (LOC107852624), IAA8 (LOC107841020), IAA16 (LOC107839415), PYL4 (LOC107843441), and PYL6 (LOC107871127); these significantly enriched genes may be associated with in vitro regeneration. In addition, the carbon metabolism pathway and plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway are also significantly enriched in KEGG. The results of the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes related to carbon metabolism and fixation, photosynthesis and MAPK signaling pathways were upregulated under ZI treatment. It was found that they might be associated with enhanced regeneration in vitro. Furthermore, we also screened out differentially expressed transcription factors, primarily from the MYB, bHLH, AP2/ERF, and NAC families. Overall, our work accumulated important data for the in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of in vitro regeneration of pepper, and provides valuable germplasm for establishing an efficient stable pepper genetic-transformation system based on tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (X.L.); (N.M.); (N.X.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Naveed Mushtaq
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (X.L.); (N.M.); (N.X.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Na Xing
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (X.L.); (N.M.); (N.X.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (X.L.); (N.M.); (N.X.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiancheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (X.L.); (N.M.); (N.X.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (X.L.); (N.M.); (N.X.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Han SY, Park SY, Won KH, Park SI, Park JH, Shim D, Hwang I, Jeong DH, Kim H. Elucidating the callus-to-shoot-forming mechanism in Capsicum annuum 'Dempsey' through comparative transcriptome analyses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:367. [PMID: 38711041 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of shoots plays a pivotal role in plant organogenesis and productivity. Despite its significance, the underlying molecular mechanism of de novo regeneration has not been extensively elucidated in Capsicum annuum 'Dempsey', a bell pepper cultivar. To address this, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis focusing on the differential expression in C. annuum 'Dempsey' shoot, callus, and leaf tissue. We further investigated phytohormone-related biological processes and their interacting genes in the C. annuum 'Dempsey' transcriptome based on comparative transcriptomic analysis across five species. RESULTS We provided a comprehensive view of the gene networks regulating shoot formation on the callus, revealing a strong involvement of hypoxia responses and oxidative stress. Our comparative transcriptome analysis revealed a significant conservation in the increase of gene expression patterns related to auxin and defense mechanisms in both callus and shoot tissues. Consequently, hypoxia response and defense mechanism emerged as critical regulators in callus and shoot formation in C. annuum 'Dempsey'. Current transcriptome data also indicated a substantial decline in gene expression linked to photosynthesis within regenerative tissues, implying a deactivation of the regulatory system governing photosynthesis in C. annuum 'Dempsey'. CONCLUSION Coupled with defense mechanisms, we thus considered spatial redistribution of auxin to play a critical role in the shoot morphogenesis via primordia outgrowth. Our findings shed light on shoot formation mechanisms in C. annuum 'Dempsey' explants, important information for regeneration programs, and have broader implications for precise molecular breeding in recalcitrant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yun Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Korea
| | - Kang-Hee Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Park
- Department of BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeong Park
- Department of BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Korea.
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea.
- Department of BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea.
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Shu H, Xu K, Li X, Liu J, Altaf MA, Fu H, Lu X, Cheng S, Wang Z. Exogenous strigolactone enhanced the drought tolerance of pepper (Capsicum chinense) by mitigating oxidative damage and altering the antioxidant mechanism. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:106. [PMID: 38532109 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Exogenous SL positively regulates pepper DS by altering the root morphology, photosynthetic character, antioxidant enzyme activity, stomatal behavior, and SL-related gene expression. Drought stress (DS) has always been a problem for the growth and development of crops, causing significant negative impacts on crop productivity. Strigolactone (SL) is a newly discovered class of plant hormones that are involved in plants' growth and development and environmental stresses. However, the role of SL in response to DS in pepper remains unknown. DS considerably hindered photosynthetic pigments content, damaged root architecture system, and altered antioxidant machinery. In contrast, SL application significantly restored pigment concentration modified root architecture system, and increased relative chlorophyll content (SPAD). Additionally, SL treatment reduced oxidative damage by reducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (24-57%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (79-89%) accumulation in pepper seedlings. SL-pretreated pepper seedlings showed significant improvement in antioxidant enzyme activity, proline accumulation, and soluble sugar content. Furthermore, SL-related genes (CcSMAX2, CcSMXL6, and CcSMXL3) were down-regulated under DS. These findings suggest that the foliar application of SL can alleviate the adverse effects of drought tolerance by up-regulating chlorophyll content and activating antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangying Shu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571737, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Kaijing Xu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571737, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Jiancheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571737, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Altaf
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571737, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Huizhen Fu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571737, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571737, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Shanhan Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571737, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China.
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, 571737, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China.
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Shu H, Altaf MA, Mushtaq N, Fu H, Lu X, Zhu G, Cheng S, Wang Z. Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis of the Effects of Exogenous Strigolactones on Drought Responses of Pepper Seedlings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2019. [PMID: 38136139 PMCID: PMC10740728 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress significantly restricts the growth, yield, and quality of peppers. Strigolactone (SL), a relatively new plant hormone, has shown promise in alleviating drought-related symptoms in pepper plants. However, there is limited knowledge on how SL affects the gene expression in peppers when exposed to drought stress (DS) after the foliar application of SL. To explore this, we conducted a thorough physiological and transcriptome analysis investigation to uncover the mechanisms through which SL mitigates the effects of DS on pepper seedlings. DS inhibited the growth of pepper seedlings, altered antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced relative water content (RWC), and caused oxidative damage. On the contrary, the application of SL significantly enhanced RWC, promoted root morphology, and increased leaf pigment content. SL also protected pepper seedlings from drought-induced oxidative damage by reducing MDA and H2O2 levels and maintaining POD, CAT, and SOD activity. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in ribosomes, ABC transporters, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and Auxin/MAPK signaling pathways in DS and DS + SL treatment. Furthermore, the results of qRT-PCR showed the up-regulation of AGR7, ABI5, BRI1, and PDR4 and down-regulation of SAPK6, NTF4, PYL6, and GPX4 in SL treatment compared with drought-only treatment. In particular, the key gene for SL signal transduction, SMXL6, was down-regulated under drought. These results elucidate the molecular aspects underlying SL-mediated plant DS tolerance, and provide pivotal strategies for effectively achieving pepper drought resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangying Shu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.); (H.F.); (X.L.); (G.Z.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Altaf
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.); (H.F.); (X.L.); (G.Z.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Naveed Mushtaq
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.); (H.F.); (X.L.); (G.Z.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huizhen Fu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.); (H.F.); (X.L.); (G.Z.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.); (H.F.); (X.L.); (G.Z.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Guopeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.); (H.F.); (X.L.); (G.Z.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Shanhan Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.); (H.F.); (X.L.); (G.Z.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.S.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.); (H.F.); (X.L.); (G.Z.); (S.C.)
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
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