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Qian X, Sarsaiya S, Dong Y, Yu T, Chen J. Recent Advances and New Insights in Genome Analysis and Transcriptomic Approaches to Reveal Enzymes Associated with the Biosynthesis of Dendrobine-Type Sesquiterpenoid Alkaloids (DTSAs) from the Last Decade. Molecules 2024; 29:3787. [PMID: 39202866 PMCID: PMC11356883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium species, which are perennial herbs widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, are notable for their therapeutic properties attributed to various bioactive compounds, including dendrobine-type sesquiterpenoid alkaloids (DTSAs). The objective of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the biosynthesis of DTSAs, including their extraction from Dendrobium species and endophytes, elucidation of associated genes through genomic and transcriptomic sequencing in both Dendrobium spp. and endophytes, exploration of the biosynthetic pathways of DTSAs, and drawing conclusions and outlining future perspectives in this field. Alkaloids, predominantly nitrogen-containing compounds found in medicinal orchids, include over 140 types discovered across more than 50 species. DTSAs, identified in 37 picrotoxane alkaloids, have a distinctive five-membered nitrogen heterocyclic ring. This review highlights endophytic fungi as alternative sources of DTSAs, emphasizing their potential in pharmaceutical applications when plant-derived compounds are scarce or complex. Genomic and transcriptomic sequencing of Dendrobium spp. and their endophytes has identified key genes involved in DTSAs biosynthesis, elucidating pathways such as the mevalonate (MVA) and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathways. Genes encoding enzymes, such as acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase and diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase, are positively associated with dendrobine production. Despite significant advancements, the complexity of terpenoid biosynthesis in different subcellular compartments remains a challenge. Future research should focus on leveraging high-quality genomic data and omics technologies to further understand and manipulate the biosynthetic pathways of DTSAs and enhance their medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qian
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Bioresource Institute of Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Tuifan Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Jishuang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
- Bioresource Institute of Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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Horn PJ, Chapman KD. Imaging plant metabolism in situ. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1654-1670. [PMID: 37889862 PMCID: PMC10938046 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as an invaluable analytical technique for investigating the spatial distribution of molecules within biological systems. In the realm of plant science, MSI is increasingly employed to explore metabolic processes across a wide array of plant tissues, including those in leaves, fruits, stems, roots, and seeds, spanning various plant systems such as model species, staple and energy crops, and medicinal plants. By generating spatial maps of metabolites, MSI has elucidated the distribution patterns of diverse metabolites and phytochemicals, encompassing lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, phenolics, terpenes, alkaloids, vitamins, pigments, and others, thereby providing insights into their metabolic pathways and functional roles. In this review, we present recent MSI studies that demonstrate the advances made in visualizing the plant spatial metabolome. Moreover, we emphasize the technical progress that enhances the identification and interpretation of spatial metabolite maps. Within a mere decade since the inception of plant MSI studies, this robust technology is poised to continue as a vital tool for tackling complex challenges in plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Horn
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton TX 76203, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton TX 76203, USA
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Luo Y, Yang D, Xu Y, Wu D, Tan D, Qin L, Wu X, Lu Y, He Y. Hypoglycemic Effects and Quality Marker Screening of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. at Different Growth Years. Molecules 2024; 29:699. [PMID: 38338442 PMCID: PMC10856227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The effect of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (D. nobile) on hyperglycemic syndrome has only been recently known for several years. Materials of D. nobile were always collected from the plants cultivated in various growth ages. However, regarding the efficacy of D. nobile on hyperglycemic syndrome, it was still unknown as to which cultivation age would be selected. On the other hand, with the lack of quality markers, it is difficult to control the quality of D. nobile to treat hyperglycemic syndrome. (2) Methods: The effects of D. nobile cultivated at year 1 and year 3 were checked on alloxan-induced diabetic mice while their body weight, diet, water intake, and urinary output were monitored. Moreover, levels of glycosylated serum protein and insulin were measured using Elisa kits. The constituents of D. nobile were identified and analyzed by using UPLC-Q/trap. Quality markers were screened out by integrating the data from UPLC-Q/trap into a network pharmacology model. (3) Results: The D. nobile cultivated at both year 1 and year 3 showed a significant effect on hyperglycemic syndrome at the high dosage level; however, regarding the significant level, D. nobile from year 1 showed the better effect. In D. nobile, most of the metabolites were identified as alkaloids and sesquiterpene glycosides. Alkaloids, represented by dendrobine, were enriched in D. nobile from year 1, while sesquiterpene glycosides were enriched in D. nobile from year 3. Twenty one metabolites were differentially expressed between D. nobile from year 1 and year 3. The aforementioned 21 metabolites were enriched to 34 therapeutic targets directly related to diabetes. (4) Conclusions: Regarding the therapy for hyperglycemic syndrome, D. nobile cultivated at year 1 was more recommended than that at year 3. Alkaloids were recommended to be used as markers to control the quality of D. nobile for hyperglycemic syndrome treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of The Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (Y.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.X.)
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (D.W.); (D.T.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
| | - Da Yang
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of The Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (Y.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.X.)
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (D.W.); (D.T.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanzhe Xu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of The Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (Y.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.X.)
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (D.W.); (D.T.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
| | - Di Wu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (D.W.); (D.T.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
| | - Daopeng Tan
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (D.W.); (D.T.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
| | - Lin Qin
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (D.W.); (D.T.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
| | - Xingdong Wu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (D.W.); (D.T.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanliu Lu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of The Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (Y.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.X.)
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (D.W.); (D.T.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
| | - Yuqi He
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of The Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (Y.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.X.)
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi 563009, China; (D.W.); (D.T.); (L.Q.); (X.W.)
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Lin Y, Jiang X, Zhu S, Dun J, Pu J, Liang W. Multi-omics combined with MALDI mass spectroscopy imaging reveals the mechanisms of biosynthesis of characteristic compounds in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1294804. [PMID: 38264025 PMCID: PMC10803607 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1294804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is recognized as a source of extracts with various desirable bioactivities. However, current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of biosynthesis of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and other bioactive chemicals is limited. We conducted comprehensive tissue distribution studies and biosynthetic analyses of the 26 main bioactive compounds of this plant. The majority of flavonoids exhibited higher concentrations in the cortex (CT) compared to the vascular cylinder (VC). The expression levels of genes and proteins in CT and VC were quantified using mRNA sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). A total of 31,700 genes were identified, among which 4921 exhibited differential expression between CT and VC. A total of 13,996 proteins were identified in the proteomes of CT and VC, with 927 showing differential expression. Co-expression network analyses of DEGs and DEPs from multiple sites demonstrated substantial pathway variations linked to flavonoid biosynthesis. Through differential enrichment analysis, a total of 32 genes involved in the flavone biosynthesis pathway were identified, with iTRAQ specifically detecting C3'H, F3H and FLS. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong association between the expression levels of C3'H, F3H, and FLS and the concentrations of flavonoids. The validation of multiple genes encoding pivotal enzymes was conducted using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The findings provide a foundation for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms and functional characterization of T. hemsleyanum candidate genes associated with characteristic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuechun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhu
- Zhejiang Guangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Quzhou, China
| | - Junling Dun
- Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbao Pu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Zhao Y, Hu J, Zhang Y, Tao H, Li L, He Y, Zhang X, Zhang C, Hong G. Unveiling targeted spatial metabolome of rice seed at the dough stage using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry imaging. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113578. [PMID: 37986446 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) seeds contain a variety of metabolites, which not only provide energy for their own growth and development, but also are an important source of nutrition for humans. It is crucial to study the distribution of metabolites in rice seeds, but the spatial metabolome of rice seeds is rarely investigated. In this study, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging was used to reveal the spatial distribution of free soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose), amino acids (9 essential amino acids and 2 amino acids affecting rice eating quality: L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid), and 4 metabolites in the flavonoids synthesis pathway (cinnamic acid, naringenin chalcone, naringenin, and dihydrokaempferol) in rice seed at the dough stage. It was found that the 4 free soluble sugars present similar spatial distribution, mainly distributed in the seed cortex and embryo with high abundance. The majority of amino acids are also concentrated in the rice cortex and embryo, while the others are abundant in the whole seed. Besides cinnamic acid distributed in the seed cortex and embryo, the naringenin chalcone, naringenin, and dihydrokaempferol were also found in the endosperm and had lower content. Furthermore, a colocalization phylogenetic tree according to the spatial distribution imaging of each metabolite was constructed. This study revealed the distribution diversity of metabolites in different segmentations of rice seed at the dough stage, providing clues for the nutritional differences between brown rice and white rice, and serving as a reference for people to target a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jitao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Han Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Linying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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