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Yuan H, Wang Q, Qi A, Li S, Hu Y, Hu Z, Guo L, Liang C, Li W, Liu C, Sun Y, Zou L, Peng L, Xiang D, Liu C, Huang J, Wan Y. Morphological, Physiological, and Photosynthetic Differences of Tartary Buckwheat Induced by Post-Anthesis Drought. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2161. [PMID: 39124279 PMCID: PMC11314225 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) is a crop of significant interest due to its nutritional value and resilience to drought conditions. However, drought, particularly following flowering, is a major factor contributing to yield reduction. This research employed two distinct Tartary buckwheat genotypes to investigate the effects of post-anthesis drought on growth and physicochemical characteristics. The study aimed to elucidate the response of Tartary buckwheat to drought stress. The findings indicated that post-anthesis drought adversely impacted the growth, morphology, and biomass accumulation of Tartary buckwheat. Drought stress enhanced the maximum photosynthetic capacity (Fv/Fm) and light protection ability (NPQ) of the 'Xiqiao-2' genotype. In response to drought stress, 'Dingku-1' and 'Xiqiao-2' maintained osmotic balance by accumulating soluble sugars and proline, respectively. Notably, 'Xiqiao-2' exhibited elevated levels of flavonoids and polyphenols in its leaves, which helped mitigate oxidative damage caused by drought. Furthermore, rewatering after a brief drought period significantly improved plant height, stem diameter, and biomass accumulation in 'Dingku-1'. Overall, 'Xiqiao-2' demonstrated greater long-term tolerance to post-anthesis drought, while 'Dingku-1' was less adversely affected by short-term post-anthesis drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (A.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (D.X.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (A.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (D.X.)
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 17, Sanhe Road, Taobei District, Baicheng 137000, China;
| | - Anyin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (A.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (D.X.)
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (A.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (D.X.)
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (A.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (D.X.)
| | - Zhiming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (A.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (D.X.)
- Sichuan Institute of Food Inspection, Chengdu 610097, China
| | - Laichun Guo
- Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 17, Sanhe Road, Taobei District, Baicheng 137000, China;
| | - Chenggang Liang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Wurijimusi Li
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League 137400, China;
| | - Changying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (A.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (D.X.)
| | - Yanxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (A.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (D.X.)
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (A.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (D.X.)
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (A.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (D.X.)
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (A.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (D.X.)
| | - Cheng Liu
- Chongqing Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Tree Gorges Reservoir Area, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jingwei Huang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (A.Q.); (S.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (L.P.); (D.X.)
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Zhang L, Wu Y, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Wei F, Zhu QH, Zhou J, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Feng H, Sun J. Acetylation of GhCaM7 enhances cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1405-1424. [PMID: 36948889 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is an important post-translational modification mechanism involved in cellular regulation in eukaryotes. Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ sensor in eukaryotes and is crucial for plant immunity, but it is so far unclear whether acetylation is involved in CaM-mediated plant immunity. Here, we found that GhCaM7 is acetylated upon Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) infection and a positive regulator of V. dahliae resistance. Overexpressing GhCaM7 in cotton and Arabidopsis enhances V. dahliae resistance and knocking-down GhCaM7 makes cotton more susceptible to V. dahliae. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GhCaM7 with mutation at the acetylation site are more susceptible to V. dahliae than transgenics overexpressing the wild-type GhCaM7, implying the importance of the acetylated GhCaM7 in response to V. dahliae infection. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescent complementation, luciferase complementation imaging, and coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated interaction between GhCaM7 and an osmotin protein GhOSM34 that was shown to have a positive role in V. dahliae resistance. GhCaM7 and GhOSM34 are co-localized in the cell membrane. Upon V. dahliae infection, the Ca2+ content reduces almost instantly in plants with downregulated GhCaM7 or GhOSM34. Down regulating GhOSM34 enhances accumulation of Na+ and increases cell osmotic pressure. Comparative transcriptomic analyses between cotton plants with an increased or reduced expression level of GhCaM7 and wild-type plants indicate the involvement of jasmonic acid signaling pathways and reactive oxygen species in GhCaM7-enabled disease resistance. Together, these results demonstrate the involvement of CaM protein in the interaction between cotton and V. dahliae, and more importantly, the involvement of the acetylated CaM in the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yajie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongang Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Jinglong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hongjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
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Wu J, Lv S, Zhao L, Gao T, Yu C, Hu J, Ma F. Advances in the study of the function and mechanism of the action of flavonoids in plants under environmental stresses. PLANTA 2023; 257:108. [PMID: 37133783 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This review summarizes the anti-stress effects of flavonoids in plants and highlights its role in the regulation of polar auxin transport and free radical scavenging mechanism. As secondary metabolites widely present in plants, flavonoids play a vital function in plant growth, but also in resistance to stresses. This review introduces the classification, structure and synthetic pathways of flavonoids. The effects of flavonoids in plant stress resistance were enumerated, and the mechanism of flavonoids in plant stress resistance was discussed in detail. It is clarified that plants under stress accumulate flavonoids by regulating the expression of flavonoid synthase genes. It was also determined that the synthesized flavonoids are transported in plants through three pathways: membrane transport proteins, vesicles, and bound to glutathione S-transferase (GST). At the same time, the paper explores that flavonoids regulate polar auxin transport (PAT) by acting on the auxin export carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) in the form of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B/P-glycoprotein (ABCB/PGP) transporter, which can help plants to respond in a more dominant form to stress. We have demonstrated that the number and location of hydroxyl groups in the structure of flavonoids can determine their free radical scavenging ability and also elucidated the mechanism by which flavonoids exert free radical removal in cells. We also identified flavonoids as signaling molecules to promote rhizobial nodulation and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to enhance plant-microbial symbiosis in defense to stresses. Given all this knowledge, we can foresee that the in-depth study of flavonoids will be an essential way to reveal plant tolerance and enhance plant stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Wu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Sidi Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Tian Gao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Kerchin District Branch Office, Tongliao City Ecological Environment Bureau, Tongliao, 028006, China
| | - Jianing Hu
- Dalian Neusoft University of Information, Dalian, 116032, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Ltaief S, Krouma A. Functional Dissection of the Physiological Traits Promoting Durum Wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) Tolerance to Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1420. [PMID: 37050046 PMCID: PMC10096688 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In Tunisia's arid and semi-arid lands, drought stress remains the most critical factor limiting agricultural production due to low and irregular precipitation. The situation is even more difficult because of the scarcity of underground water for irrigation and the climate change that has intensified and expanded the aridity. One of the most efficient and sustainable approaches to mitigating drought stress is exploring genotypic variability to screen tolerant genotypes and identify useful tolerance traits. To this end, six Tunisian wheat genotypes (Triticum durum Desf.) were cultivated in the field, under a greenhouse and natural light, to be studied for their differential tolerance to drought stress. Many morpho-physiological and biochemical traits were analyzed, and interrelationships were established. Depending on the genotypes, drought stress significantly decreased plant growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis; stimulated osmolyte accumulation and disturbed water relations. The most tolerant genotypes (salim and karim) accumulated more potassium (K) and proline in their shoots, allowing them to maintain better tissue hydration and physiological functioning. The osmotic adjustment (OA), in which potassium and proline play a key role, determines wheat tolerance to drought stress. The calculated drought index (DI), drought susceptible index (DSI), drought tolerance index (DTI), K use efficiency (KUE), and water use efficiency (WUE) discriminated the studied genotypes and confirmed the relative tolerance of salim and karim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Ltaief
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Bouzid 9100, Tunisia
| | - Abdelmajid Krouma
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Bouzid 9100, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Road la Soukra km 4-BP, Sfax 1171-3000, Tunisia
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Verbeke S, Padilla-Díaz CM, Martínez-Arias C, Goossens W, Haesaert G, Steppe K. Mechanistic modeling reveals the importance of turgor-driven apoplastic water transport in wheat stem parenchyma during carbohydrate mobilization. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:423-440. [PMID: 36259090 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During stem elongation, wheat (Triticum aestivum) increases its stem carbohydrate content before anthesis as a reserve for grain filling. Hydraulic functioning during this mobilization process is not well understood, and contradictory results exist on the direct effect of drought on carbohydrate mobilization. In a dedicated experiment, wheat plants were subjected to drought stress during carbohydrate mobilization. Measurements, important to better understand stem physiology, showed some unexpected patterns that could not be explained by our current knowledge on water transport. Traditional water flow and storage models failed to properly describe the drought response in wheat stems during carbohydrate mobilization. To explain the measured patterns, hypotheses were formulated and integrated in a dedicated model for wheat. The new mechanistic model simulates two hypothetical water storage compartments: one where water is quickly exchanged with the xylem and one that contains the carbohydrate storage. Water exchange between these compartments is turgor-driven. The model was able to simulate the measured increase in stored carbohydrate concentrations with a decrease in water content and stem diameter. Calibration of the model showed the importance of turgor-driven apoplastic water flow during carbohydrate mobilization. This resulted in an increase in stem hydraulic capacitance, which became more important under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Verbeke
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carmen María Padilla-Díaz
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clara Martínez-Arias
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Willem Goossens
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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