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Wang K, Dou P, Miao Z, Huang J, Gao Q, Guo L, Liu K, Rong Y, Huang D, Wang K. Seed germination and seedling growth response of Leymus chinensis to the allelopathic influence of grassland plants. Oecologia 2024; 204:899-913. [PMID: 38582800 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Allelopathy has a profound impact on the germination and growth of plants, influencing the establishment of plant populations and shaping community ecological patterns. However, the allelopathic potential of many grassland species remains poorly understood. In this study, we prepared aqueous extracts from 17 herbaceous plants to investigate their allelopathic effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of Leymus chinensis, a dominant grassland species. Our results revealed that the response of L. chinensis to allelopathic compounds was dependent on the specific plant species, extract concentration, and target plant organ. Notably, Fabaceae plants exhibited a stronger allelopathic potential than Poaceae, Asteraceae, and other plant families. Moreover, we observed that root growth of L. chinensis was more sensitive to allelopathy than shoot growth, and seed germination was more affected than seedling growth. Generally, the germination of L. chinensis was strongly inhibited as the donor plant extract concentration increased. The leachate of Fabaceae plants inhibited the seedling growth of L. chinensis at concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 0.1 g mL-1. On the other hand, the leachate from other families' plants exhibited either inhibitory or hormetic effects on the early growth of L. chinensis, promoting growth at 0.025 g mL-1 and hindering it at concentrations between 0.05 and 0.1 g mL-1. These findings highlight the significant allelopathic potential of grassland plants, which plays a critical role in establishing plant populations and associated ecological processes. In addition, they shed light on the coexistence of other plants with dominant plants in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengpeng Dou
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengzhou Miao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhu Guo
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kesi Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yuping Rong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Ding Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Zhangjiakou, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Zhangjiakou, China.
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Chen J, Cui H, Huang H, Wei S, Liu Y, Yu H, Ma Y, Li X, Ma X. EST-SSR Markers' Development Based on RNA-Sequencing and Their Application in Population Genetic Structure and Diversity Analysis of Eleusine indica in China. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 45:141-150. [PMID: 36661497 PMCID: PMC9856800 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) is one of the worst agricultural weeds in China. Molecular markers were developed for genetic diversity and population structure analyses. In this study, we identified 8391 expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers from the de novo assembled unigenes of E. indica. Mononucleotides were the most abundant type of repeats (3591, 42.79%), followed by trinucleotides (3162, 37.68%). The most dominant mononucleotide and trinucleotide repeat motifs were A/T (3406, 40.59%) and AAT/ATT (103, 1.5%), respectively. Fourteen pairs of EST-SSR primers were verified and used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 59 goosegrass populations. A total of 49 alleles were amplified, with the number of alleles (Na) ranging from two to eleven per locus, and the effective number of alleles (Ne) ranged from 1.07 to 4.53. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.36. Genetic structure analysis (K = 2) and principal coordinate analysis divided 59 E. indica populations into two groups in a manner similar to the unweighted pair-group method (Dice genetic similarity coefficient = 0.700). This study developed a set of EST-SSR markers in E. indica and successfully analyzed the diversity and population genetic structures of 59 E. indica populations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hailan Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongjuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shouhui Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiangju Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.M.); Tel.: +86-010-62813309 (X.L.); +86-372-2562294 (X.M.)
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.M.); Tel.: +86-010-62813309 (X.L.); +86-372-2562294 (X.M.)
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Liu S, Wang W, Chen J, Ma Z, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Du X, Mu Y. Weed suppression and antioxidant activity of Astragalus sinicus L. decomposition leachates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1013443. [PMID: 36466260 PMCID: PMC9709434 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1013443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus sinicus L. (milk vetch), a versatile plant that has a soil-enriching effect as green manure, is widely planted in the temperate zone of China. In previous experiments, milk vetch incorporated into the soil as green manure showed potential for goosegrass control. However, "what exactly happens at the chemical level?" and "what are the compounds that are potentially responsible for the phytotoxic effects observed during those previous assays?" In a recent study, in vitro phytotoxicity bioassays and chemical analyses of milk vetch decomposition leachates were carried out to explore the relationship between the temporal phytotoxic effects and the dynamics of chemical composition. For that, milk vetch decomposition leachates with a decay time of 12 h, 9 days, 12 days, 15 days, and 18 days were analyzed for organic compounds by liquid chromatography. The main results were as follows: (1) three compounds with goosegrass suppression potential produced during the decomposed process, i.e., 4-ethylphenol, N-acrylimorpholine, and allyl isothiocyanate. 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate was present in the 12-h decomposition leachates but was at its highest concentration of 127.1 µg ml-1 at 15 days. (2) The cultures were configured according to the four concentrations of goosegrass-resistant active substances measured in the 15-day decomposition leachate and, as with the 15-day decomposition leachate, the mixture cultures inhibited 100% of goosegrass germination at the high concentrations (≥ 30%), which suggests that these substances have goosegrass suppression potential. (3) The high total phenolic content (302.8-532.3 mg L-1), the total flavonoid content (8.4-72.1 mg L-1), and the reducing activity of the decomposition leachates for different decay times may explain why the incorporation of milk vetch into the soil did not lead to peroxidation of goosegrass in the previous study. (4) Finally, the changes in acid fraction and total content (1.9-4.2 mg ml-1) for different decay times explain the variations in pH of the decomposition leachates, which, when discussed in conjunction with previous studies, may lead to changes in soil nutrient effectiveness and consequently affect crop growth. This study can provide a reference for green weed control research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Liu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyun Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Ma
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youping Xiao
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Du
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Mu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, College of Agronomy/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
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Zheng R, Yao L, Peng J, Chen Z, Yang F, Chen S, Tang Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key candidate genes mediating ovarian development in Spodoptera frugiperda fed on two host plants. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1056540. [PMID: 36457307 PMCID: PMC9705327 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1056540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a highly polyphagous lepidopteran pest, with its growth and adaptation affected by different host plants. However, little is known about the effects of host plants on ovarian development in this species. Thus, we evaluated the effects of feeding on corn (Zea mays L.) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica), on the ovarian development of S. frugiperda. Using various stages of S. frugiperda, we also evaluated the larval and pupal weights, number of eggs, and differentiation of ovarioles over time. Results showed that females fed on goosegrass had shorter ovarioles and laid less eggs than those fed on corn. Transcriptome analysis identified 3,213 genes involved in ovarian development in the fall armyworm. Of these, 881 genes were differentially expressed when fed on corn and goosegrass. The analysis also indicated that the hormone biosynthetic pathways may be involved in the reproductive system. In relation to the reproductive function, nine juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthetic genes, four 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) biosynthetic genes, and four ovary-relevant functional genes were identified. The time course of the expression profiles of these hormone- and ovary development-related genes was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In total, six of them showed a decreasing trend in the ovary of the FAW fed on goosegrass, while two genes showed an increasing trend. Our results showed that significant changes in the reproductive activity/ovary development in the FAW occurred in response to different diets. These results serve as bases for evaluating how optimal host plants and feeding preference affect ovarian development in the FAW.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingfeng Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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