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Livadariu O, Constantin CG, Boiu-Sicuia OA, Dobrin A, Ion VA. Assessment of Aseptic and Non-Aseptic Systems' Influence on Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) Microplants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2313. [PMID: 39204749 PMCID: PMC11359454 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Considering the current global climate and demographic conditions, combined with the growing demand for food diversification, the need for innovative functional foods that adhere to the principles of the circular economy is becoming clear. Therefore, this research aims to identify an appropriate cultivation system and growth substrate to maintain a high germination rate and produce basil aromatic microplants with superior quality traits that are entirely edible, together with the substrate. Microplants were grown in both aseptic (AS) and non-aseptic (NAS) systems. Both AS and NAS experiments were conducted in vitro using eco-innovative production technology. Moreover, various growth substrates were tested, such as perlite, agar, banana peel, peat, and their combinations. The analyses focused on the germination capacity, morphometric measurements, and biochemical analyses of the microplants. The results showed that the edible agar-based substrate, used in both AS and NAS, increased the germination capacity up to 95.00 ± 0.30%, while peat provided a germination capacity of only 12.07 ± 1.27% under AS conditions and 6.07 ± 0.35% under NAS conditions. Most biochemical analyses indicated that AS conditions are more suitable for basil microplant production, increasing the dry matter content, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and total antioxidant capacity compared to NAS conditions. These findings support the adoption of a new eco-innovative technology that provides organic basil microplants, which are fully usable along with the edible agar substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Livadariu
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Bd. Marasti, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carmen Gabriela Constantin
- Research Center for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Bd. Marasti, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (C.G.C.); (A.D.); (V.A.I.)
| | - Oana-Alina Boiu-Sicuia
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Bd. Marasti, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Aurora Dobrin
- Research Center for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Bd. Marasti, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (C.G.C.); (A.D.); (V.A.I.)
| | - Violeta Alexandra Ion
- Research Center for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Bd. Marasti, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (C.G.C.); (A.D.); (V.A.I.)
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Zhao G, Liu W, Zhu H, Duan H, Nie J, Hong S, Wen J. The influence of prolonged but low intensity blue light on the physiological properties of root tubers and the accumulation of flavonoids in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108824. [PMID: 38936072 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diel et Gilg is a perennial herbaceous plant native to subtropical China with multiple medicinal applications. Supplementing with low-density blue light (BL) for 45 days (3 h/day) can not only significantly increase the yields of root tubers but also significantly increase the flavonoid content and its antioxidant activity. The chlorophyll content in the leaves of T. hemsleyanum significantly decreased, but the photosynthetic efficiency significantly increased after reaching the light saturation point. The production rate of superoxide anion radical in the leaves reached the highest peak after 1.5 h in BL and decreased at 3 h. The H2O2 content in the leaves decreased significantly, while the H2O2 content in the root tubers increased significantly at 3 h in BL. The objective of this research was to determine how the scavenging system, including antioxidant enzymes, antioxidants, and flavonoids respond to the oxidative stress induced by BL in root tubers. After exposure to BL, significant differences in the activity of APX and SOD were observed in the leaves and tubers within 3 h. By analyzing the upregulated flavonoids metabolites and key genes in metabolic pathways through the combined analysis of the flavonoid metabolic group and transcriptome in the root tubers, the upregulated accumulation of flavanols was found to be the main reason for the improvement in the antioxidant properties of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China
| | - Wenling Liu
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China
| | - Huanping Duan
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China
| | - Junnan Nie
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China
| | - Senrong Hong
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China; Shangrao Innovation Institute of Agricultural Technology, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China; Shangrao Innovation Institute of Agricultural Technology, China.
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Milić Komić S, Živanović B, Dumanović J, Kolarž P, Sedlarević Zorić A, Morina F, Vidović M, Veljović Jovanović S. Differential Antioxidant Response to Supplemental UV-B Irradiation and Sunlight in Three Basil Varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15350. [PMID: 37895033 PMCID: PMC10607338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Three basil plant varieties (Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese, Ocimum × citriodorum, and Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens) were grown under moderate light (about 300 µmol photons m-2 s-1) in a glasshouse or growth chamber and then either transferred to an open field (average daily dose: 29.2 kJ m-2 d-1) or additionally exposed to UV-B irradiation in a growth chamber (29.16 kJ m-2 d-1), to reveal the variety-specific and light-specific acclimation responses. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), phenolic profile, ascorbate content, and class III peroxidase (POD) activity were used to determine the antioxidant status of leaves under all four light regimes. Exposure to high solar irradiation at the open field resulted in an increase in TAC, total hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs, especially caffeic acid), flavonoids, and epidermal UV-absorbing substances in all three varieties, as well as a two-fold increase in the leaf dry/fresh weight ratio. The supplemental UV-B irradiation induced preferential accumulation of HCAs (rosmarinic acid) over flavonoids, increased TAC and POD activity, but decreased the ascorbate content in the leaves, and inhibited the accumulation of epidermal flavonoids in all basil varieties. Furthermore, characteristic leaf curling and UV-B-induced inhibition of plant growth were observed in all basil varieties, while a pro-oxidant effect of UV-B was indicated with H2O2 accumulation in the leaves and spotty leaf browning. The extent of these morphological changes, and oxidative damage depended on the basil cultivar, implies a genotype-specific tolerance mechanism to high doses of UV-B irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Milić Komić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Science, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.M.K.); (B.Ž.); (A.S.Z.)
| | - Bojana Živanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Science, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.M.K.); (B.Ž.); (A.S.Z.)
| | - Jelena Dumanović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Predrag Kolarž
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ana Sedlarević Zorić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Science, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.M.K.); (B.Ž.); (A.S.Z.)
| | - Filis Morina
- Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovska 31/1160, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Marija Vidović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Laboratory for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sonja Veljović Jovanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Science, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.M.K.); (B.Ž.); (A.S.Z.)
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Brindisi LJ, Simon JE. Preharvest and postharvest techniques that optimize the shelf life of fresh basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.): a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1237577. [PMID: 37745993 PMCID: PMC10514919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1237577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a popular specialty crop known for its use as a culinary herb and medicinal plant around the world. However, its profitability and availability are limited by a short postharvest shelf life due to poor handling, cold sensitivity and microbial contamination. Here, we comprehensively review the research on pre- and postharvest techniques that extend the shelf life of basil to serve as a practical tool for growers, distributors, retailers and scientists. Modifications to postharvest storage conditions, pre- and postharvest treatments, harvest time and preharvest production methods have been found to directly impact the quality of basil and its shelf life. The most effective strategies for extending the shelf life and improving the quality of basil are discussed and promising strategies that research and industry employ are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James E. Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and the Center for Agricultural Food Ecosystems (RUCAFE), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Yu J, Tseng Y, Pham K, Liu M, Beckles DM. Starch and sugars as determinants of postharvest shelf life and quality: some new and surprising roles. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102844. [PMID: 36410153 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Starch and sugars account for most of the dry weight of horticultural crops and in many species, are known determinants of quality. However, we posit that these carbohydrates often have less-obvious roles in plant tissues with direct implications for the postharvest quality and produce shelf life. The latter has not been given as much attention, but with the recent interest in reducing the scale of postharvest waste and loss, we highlight how dynamic changes in the spatial-temporal accumulation of carbohydrates, can influence myriads of biological processes affecting postharvest attributes. Versatile roles, some surprising, that carbohydrates play in determining produce of high value to consumers, are highlighted, and gene targets for biotechnological improvement are specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yu
- SUSTech-PKU Joint Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yute Tseng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA; Graduate Group of Horticulture & Agronomy, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kien Pham
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA; Graduate Group of Horticulture & Agronomy, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
| | - Margaret Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA; Graduate Group of Horticulture & Agronomy, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
| | - Diane M Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA.
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Albornoz K, Zhou J, Yu J, Beckles DM. Dissecting postharvest chilling injury through biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102790. [PMID: 36116331 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Paradoxically, refrigerating many fruits and vegetables destroys their quality, and may even accelerate their spoilage. This phenomenon, known as postharvest chilling injury (PCI), affects produce from tropical and subtropical regions and leads to economic and postharvest loss and waste. Low temperatures are used to pause the physiological processes associated with senescence, but upon rewarming, these processes may resume at an accelerated rate. Chilling-injured produce may be discarded for not meeting consumer expectations or may prematurely deteriorate. In this review, we describe progress made in identifying the cellular and molecular processes underlying PCI, and point to advances in biotechnological approaches for ameliorating symptoms. Further, we identify the gaps in knowledge that must be bridged to develop effective solutions to PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Albornoz
- Departamento de Produccion Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jingwei Yu
- SUSTech-PKU Joint Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Diane M Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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