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Liao B, Liang P, Tong L, Lu L, Lu Y, Zheng R, Zheng X, Chen J, Hao Z. The Role of Liriodendron Dof Gene Family in Abiotic Stress Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2009. [PMID: 39065535 PMCID: PMC11281171 DOI: 10.3390/plants13142009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The DOF (DNA-binding with one finger) transcription factors are exclusive to plants and play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and environmental adaptation. Although extensive research has been conducted on the Dof gene family in Arabidopsis, maize, and Solanum, investigations concerning the role of this gene family in Liriodendron remain unreported, leaving its biological function largely unknown. In this study, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide identification of the Dof gene family based on the Liriodendron genome, resulting in the discovery of a total of 17 LcDof gene members. Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, the 17 LcDof proteins were classified into eight subfamilies. The motif analysis revealed the diverse nature of motifs within the D1 subfamily, which includes a distinct type of Dof transcription factor known as CDF (Cycling Dof Factor). We further characterized the chromosomal distribution, gene structure, conserved protein motifs, and cis-elements in the promoter regions. Additionally, utilizing transcriptome data from Liriodendron hybrids and conducting RT-qPCR experiments, we investigated the expression patterns of LhDofs under various abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, and heat stress. Notably, we found that several LhDofs, particularly LhDof4 and LhDof6, were significantly upregulated in response to abiotic stress. Furthermore, we cloned LhDof4 and LhDof6 genes and found that its encoding protein was mainly located in the nucleus by transient transformation in Liriodendron hybrids protoplast. Subsequently, we used LhDof6-overexpressing Liriodendron hybrid seedlings. We found that overexpression of LhDof6 enhanced the cold tolerance of the plants, increasing their survival rate at -20 °C. This result was further validated by changes in physiological indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (B.L.); (P.L.); (L.T.); (L.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Pengxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (B.L.); (P.L.); (L.T.); (L.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (B.L.); (P.L.); (L.T.); (L.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (B.L.); (P.L.); (L.T.); (L.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ye Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (B.L.); (P.L.); (L.T.); (L.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Renhua Zheng
- Fujian Academy of Forestry, Fuzhou 350012, China; (R.Z.); (X.Z.)
- National Germplasm Bank of Chinese Fir at Fujian Yangkou Forest Farm, Shunchang, Nanping 353211, China
| | - Xueyan Zheng
- Fujian Academy of Forestry, Fuzhou 350012, China; (R.Z.); (X.Z.)
- National Germplasm Bank of Chinese Fir at Fujian Yangkou Forest Farm, Shunchang, Nanping 353211, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (B.L.); (P.L.); (L.T.); (L.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (B.L.); (P.L.); (L.T.); (L.L.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Gulzar F, Yang H, Chen J, Hassan B, Huang X, Qiong F. 6-BA Reduced Yield Loss under Waterlogging Stress by Regulating the Phenylpropanoid Pathway in Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1991. [PMID: 39065518 PMCID: PMC11281113 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Waterlogging stress causes substantial destruction to plant growth and production under climatic fluctuations globally. Plants hormones have been widely explored in numerous crops, displaying an imperative role in crop defense and growth mechanism. However, there is a paucity of research on the subject of plant hormones regulating waterlogging stress responses in wheat crop. In this study, we clarified the role of 6-BA in waterlogging stress through inducing phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in wheat. The application of 6-BA (6-benzyladenine) enhanced the growth and development of wheat plants under waterlogging stress, which was accompanied by reduced electrolyte leakage, high chlorophyll, and soluble sugar content. ROS scavenging was also enhanced by 6-BA, resulting in reduced MDA and H2O2 accumulation and amplified antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, under the effect of 6-BA, the acceleration of lignin content and accumulation in the cell walls of wheat tissues, along with the activation of PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase), TAL (tyrosine ammonia lyase), and 4CL (4-hydroxycinnamate CoA ligase) activities and the increase in the level of transcription of the TaPAL and Ta4CL genes, were observed under waterlogging stress. Also, 6-BA improved the root growth system under waterlogging stress conditions. Further qPCR analysis revealed increased auxin signaling (TaPR1) in 6-BA-treated plants under waterlogging stress that was consistent with the induction of endogenous IAA hormone content under waterlogging stress conditions. Here, 6-BA also reduced yield loss, as compared to control plants. Thus, the obtained data suggested that, under the application of 6-BA, phenylpropanoid metabolism (i.e., lignin) was stimulated, playing a significant role in reducing the negative effects of waterlogging stress on yield, as evinced by the improved plant growth parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Gulzar
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Hongkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiabo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Beenish Hassan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Xiulan Huang
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Fangao Qiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.G.); (J.C.)
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology & Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
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Lin L, Lin J, Zhou M, Yuan Y, Li Z. Lipid remodelling and the conversion of lipids into sugars associated with tolerance to cadmium toxicity during white clover seed germination. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14433. [PMID: 38994561 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a leading environmental issue worldwide. The current study was conducted to investigate Cd tolerance of 10 commercial white clover (Trifolium repens) cultivars during seed germination and to further explore differences in lipid remodelling, glycometabolism, and the conversion of lipids into sugars contributing to Cd tolerance in the early phase of seedling establishment as well as the accumulation of Cd in seedlings and mature plants. The results show that Cd stress significantly reduced seed germination of 10 cultivars. Compared to Cd-sensitive Sulky, Cd-tolerant Pixie accelerated amylolysis to produce more glucose, fructose, and sucrose by maintaining higher amylase and sucrase activities under Cd stress. Pixie maintained higher contents of various lipids, higher DGDG/MGDG ratio, and lower unsaturation levels of lipids, which could be beneficial to membrane stability and integrity as well as signal transduction in cells after being subjected to Cd stress. In addition, Pixie upregulated expression levels of key genes (TrACX1, TrACX4, TrSDP6, and TrPCK1) involved in the conversion of lipids into sugars for early seedling establishment under Cd stress. These findings indicate that lipid remodelling, enhanced glycometabolism, and accelerated conversion of lipids into sugars are important adaptive strategies for white clover seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment under Cd stress. In addition, Pixie not only accumulated more Cd in seedlings and mature plants than Sulky but also had significantly better growth and phytoremediation efficiency under Cd stress. Pixie could be used as a suitable and critical germplasm for the rehabilitation and re-establishment of Cd-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Lin
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junnan Lin
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Wang Y, Zhao LM, Feng N, Zheng D, Shen XF, Zhou H, Jiang W, Du Y, Zhao H, Lu X, Deng P. Plant growth regulators mitigate oxidative damage to rice seedling roots by NaCl stress. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17068. [PMID: 38495756 PMCID: PMC10944629 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of exogenous sprays of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and 2-Diethylaminoethyl hexanoate (DTA-6) on the growth and salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. This study was conducted in a solar greenhouse at Guangdong Ocean University, where 'Huanghuazhan' was selected as the test material, and 40 mg/L 5-ALA and 30 mg/L DTA-6 were applied as foliar sprays at the three-leaf-one-heart stage of rice, followed by treatment with 0.3% NaCl (W/W) 24 h later. A total of six treatments were set up as follows: (1) CK: control, (2) A: 40 mg⋅ L-1 5-ALA, (3) D: 30 mg⋅ L-1 DTA-6, (4) S: 0.3% NaCl, (5) AS: 40 mg⋅ L-1 5-ALA + 0.3% NaCl, and (6) DS: 30 mg⋅ L-1 DTA-6+0.3% NaCl. Samples were taken at 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 d after NaCl treatment to determine the morphology and physiological and biochemical indices of rice roots. The results showed that NaCl stress significantly inhibited rice growth; disrupted the antioxidant system; increased the rates of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion production; and affected the content of related hormones. Malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide content, and superoxide anion production rate significantly increased from 12.57% to 21.82%, 18.12% to 63.10%, and 7.17% to 56.20%, respectively, in the S treatment group compared to the CK group. Under salt stress, foliar sprays of both 5-ALA and DTA-6 increased antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoregulatory substance content; expanded non-enzymatic antioxidant AsA and GSH content; reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; lowered malondialdehyde content; increased endogenous hormones GA3, JA, IAA, SA, and ZR content; and lowered ABA content in the rice root system. The MDA, H2O2, and O2- contents were reduced from 35.64% to 56.92%, 22.30% to 53.47%, and 7.06% to 20.01%, respectively, in the AS treatment group compared with the S treatment group. In the DS treatment group, the MDA, H2O2, and O2- contents were reduced from 24.60% to 51.09%, 12.14% to 59.05%, and 12.70% to 45.20%. In summary, NaCl stress exerted an inhibitory effect on the rice root system, both foliar sprays of 5-ALA and DTA-6 alleviated damage from NaCl stress on the rice root system, and the effect of 5-ALA was better than that of DTA-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-ming Zhao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Feng Shen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Youwei Du
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xutong Lu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Deng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Zhou M, Yuan Y, Lin J, Lin L, Zhou J, Li Z. γ-Aminobutyric Acid Priming Alleviates Acid-Aluminum Toxicity to Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Metabolic Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14309. [PMID: 37762612 PMCID: PMC10532299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop production in acidic soils. This study aims to investigate the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) priming on mitigating acid-Al toxicity to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) associated with changes in plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant defense, key metabolites, and genes related to organic acids metabolism. Thirty-seven-old plants were primed with or without 0.5 mM GABA for three days and then subjected to acid-Al stress (5 mmol/L AlCl3·6H2O, pH 4.35) for fifteen days. The results showed that acid-Al stress significantly increased the accumulation of Al and also restricted aboveground and underground growths, photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency, and osmotic balance, which could be effectively alleviated by GABA priming. The application of GABA significantly activated antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, to reduce oxidative damage to cells under acid-Al stress. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that the GABA pretreatment significantly induced the accumulation of many metabolites such as quinic acid, pyruvic acid, shikimic acid, glycine, threonine, erythrose, glucose-6-phosphate, galactose, kestose, threitol, ribitol, glycerol, putrescine, galactinol, and myo-inositol associated with osmotic, antioxidant, and metabolic homeostases under acid-Al stress. In addition, the GABA priming significantly up-regulated genes related to the transportation of malic acid and citric acid in leaves in response to acid-Al stress. Current findings indicated GABA-induced tolerance to acid-Al stress in relation to scavenging of reactive oxygen species, osmotic adjustment, and accumulation and transport of organic metabolites in leaves. Exogenous GABA priming could improve the phytoremediation potential of perennial creeping bentgrass for the restoration of Al-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.Z.)
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Cheng B, Zhou M, Tang T, Hassan MJ, Zhou J, Tan M, Li Z, Peng Y. A Trifolium repens flavodoxin-like quinone reductase 1 (TrFQR1) improves plant adaptability to high temperature associated with oxidative homeostasis and lipids remodeling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37009644 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of stable mitochondrial respiratory chains could enhance adaptability to high temperature, but the potential mechanism was not elucidated clearly in plants. In this study, we identified and isolated a TrFQR1 gene encoding the flavodoxin-like quinone reductase 1 (TrFQR1) located in mitochondria of leguminous white clover (Trifolium repens). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that amino acid sequences of FQR1 in various plant species showed a high degree of similarities. Ectopic expression of TrFQR1 protected yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) from heat damage and toxic levels of benzoquinone, phenanthraquinone and hydroquinone. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and white clover overexpressing TrFQR1 exhibited significantly lower oxidative damage and better photosynthetic capacity and growth than wild-type in response to high-temperature stress, whereas AtFQR1-RNAi A. thaliana showed more severe oxidative damage and growth retardation under heat stress. TrFQR1-transgenic white clover also maintained better respiratory electron transport chain than wild-type plants, as manifested by significantly higher mitochondrial complex II and III activities, alternative oxidase activity, NAD(P)H content, and coenzyme Q10 content in response to heat stress. In addition, overexpression of TrFQR1 enhanced the accumulation of lipids including phosphatidylglycerol, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and cardiolipin as important compositions of bilayers involved in dynamic membrane assembly in mitochondria or chloroplasts positively associated with heat tolerance. TrFQR1-transgenic white clover also exhibited higher lipids saturation level and phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, which could be beneficial to membrane stability and integrity during a prolonged period of heat stress. The current study proves that TrFQR1 is essential for heat tolerance associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain, cellular reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and lipids remodeling in plants. TrFQR1 could be selected as a key candidate marker gene to screen heat-tolerant genotypes or develop heat-tolerant crops via molecular-based breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhen Cheng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tao Tang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhou
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Meng Tan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Zhang Q, Ackah M, Wang M, Amoako FK, Shi Y, Wang L, Dari L, Li J, Jin X, Jiang Z, Zhao W. The impact of boron nutrient supply in mulberry (Morus alba) response to metabolomics, enzyme activities, and physiological parameters. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107649. [PMID: 37267755 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is essential for normal and healthy plant growth. Therefore, Boron stress is a common abiotic stress that limits plant growth and productivity. However, how mulberry copes with boron stress remains unclear. In this study, seedlings of the Morus alba cultivar, Yu-711, were treated with five different concentrations of boric acid (H3BO3), including deficient (0 and 0.02 mM), sufficient (0.1 mM) and toxic (0.5 and 1 mM) levels. Physiological parameters, enzymatic activities and non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique were employed to evaluate the effects of boron stress on the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and metabolome signatures. Physiological analysis revealed that Boron deficiency and toxicity induced a decline in Pn, Ci, Gs, Tr, and chlorophyll content. Also, enzymatic activities, including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), decreased, while POD activity increased in response to Boron stress. Osmotic substances such as soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and proline (PRO) presented elevated levels under all Boron concentrations. Metabolome analysis indicated that differential metabolites, including amino acids, secondary metabolites, carbohydrates, and lipids, played a key role in Yu-711's response to Boron stress. These metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, lipid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and metabolism of other amino acids pathways. Our findings reveal the various metabolites pathways in mulberry response to boron nutrient supply and may serve as fundamental knowledge in breeding resistance mulberry plants, so that it can cope with climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaonan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Ackah
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Frank Kwarteng Amoako
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Yisu Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Linda Dari
- School of Engineering, Department of Agricultural Engineering, University for Development Studies, Nyankpala, Tamale, NL-1142-5954, Ghana
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China.
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