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Liu Z, Huang D, Yao Y, Pan X, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Ding Z, Wang C, Liao W. The Crucial Role of SlGSNOR in Regulating Postharvest Tomato Fruit Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2729. [PMID: 38473974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is a well-known regulator in controlling protein S-nitrosylation modification and nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis. Here, a GSNOR inhibitor N6022 and SlGSNOR silencing were applied to investigate the roles of SlGSNOR in tomato fruit postharvest ripening. We found that the application of N6022 and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, a NO donor), and SlGSNOR silencing delayed the transition of fruit skin color by improving total chlorophyll level by 88.57%, 44.78%, and 91.03%, respectively. Meanwhile, total carotenoid and lycopene contents were reduced by these treatments. Concurrently, the activity of chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes and the expression of related genes were upregulated, and the transcript abundances of total carotenoid bioproduction genes were downregulated, by N6022 and GSNO treatments and SlGSNOR silencing. In addition, fruit softening was postponed by N6022, GSNO, and SlGSNOR silencing, through delaying the decrease of firmness and declining cell wall composition; structure-related enzyme activity; and gene expression levels. Furthermore, N6022, GSNO, and SlGSNOR silencing enhanced the accumulation of titratable acid; ascorbic acid; total phenol; and total flavonoid, but repressed the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein accompanied with the expression pattern changes of nutrition-related genes. In addition, the endogenous NO contents were elevated by 197.55%; 404.59%; and 713.46%, and the endogenous SNOs contents were enhanced by 74.65%; 93.49%; and 94.85%; by N6022 and GSNO treatments and SlGSNOR silencing, respectively. Altogether, these results indicate that SlGSNOR positively promotes tomato postharvest fruit ripening, which may be largely on account of its negative roles in the endogenous NO level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dengjing Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yandong Yao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xuejuan Pan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhiqi Ding
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Glutathione Plays a Positive Role in the Proliferation of Pinus koraiensis Embryogenic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314679. [PMID: 36499020 PMCID: PMC9736457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the large-scale breeding of conifers, cultivating embryogenic cells with good proliferative capacity is crucial in the process of somatic embryogenesis. In the same cultural environment, the proliferative capacity of different cell lines is significantly different. To reveal the regulatory mechanism of proliferation in woody plant cell lines with different proliferative potential, we used Korean pine cell lines with high proliferative potential 001#-001 (Fast) and low proliferative potential 001#-010 (Slow) for analysis. A total of 17 glutathione-related differentially expressed genes was identified between F and S cell lines. A total of 893 metabolites was obtained from the two cell lines in the metabolomic studies. A total of nine metabolites related to glutathione was significantly upregulated in the F cell line compared with the S cell line. The combined analyses revealed that intracellular glutathione might be the key positive regulator mediating the difference in proliferative capacity between F and S cell lines. The qRT-PCR assay validated 11 differentially expressed genes related to glutathione metabolism. Exogenous glutathione and its synthase inhibitor L-buthionine-sulfoximine treatment assay demonstrated the positive role of glutathione in the proliferation of Korean pine embryogenic cells.
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