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Sharma V, Sharma DP, Salwan R. Surviving the stress: Understanding the molecular basis of plant adaptations and uncovering the role of mycorrhizal association in plant abiotic stresses. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106772. [PMID: 38969183 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Environmental stresses severely impair plant growth, resulting in significant crop yield and quality loss. Among various abiotic factors, salt and drought stresses are one of the major factors that affect the nutrients and water uptake by the plants, hence ultimately various physiological aspects of the plants that compromises crop yield. Continuous efforts have been made to investigate, dissect and improve plant adaptations at the molecular level in response to drought and salinity stresses. In this context, the plant beneficial microbiome presents in the rhizosphere, endosphere, and phyllosphere, also referred as second genomes of the plant is well known for its roles in plant adaptations. Exploration of beneficial interaction of fungi with host plants known as mycorrhizal association is one such special interaction that can facilitates the host plants adaptations. Mycorrhiza assist in alleviating the salinity and drought stresses of plants via redistributing the ion imbalance through translocation to different parts of the plants, as well as triggering oxidative machinery. Mycorrhiza association also regulates the level of various plant growth regulators, osmolytes and assists in acquiring minerals that are helpful in plant's adaptation against extreme environmental stresses. The current review examines the role of various plant growth regulators and plants' antioxidative systems, followed by mycorrhizal association during drought and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sharma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali PB 140413, India.
| | - D P Sharma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, H.P 177 001, India
| | - Richa Salwan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, H.P 177 001, India.
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2
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Huang H, Li M, Guo Q, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Luo K, Chen Y. Influence of Drought Stress on the Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Structure of Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7326. [PMID: 39000433 PMCID: PMC11242396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought presents a significant abiotic stress that threatens crop productivity worldwide. Rhizosphere bacteria play pivotal roles in modulating plant growth and resilience to environmental stresses. Despite this, the extent to which rhizosphere bacteria are instrumental in plant responses to drought, and whether distinct cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties harbor specific rhizosphere bacterial assemblages, remains unclear. In this study, we measured the growth and physiological characteristics, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil of drought-tolerant (SC124) and drought-sensitive (SC8) cassava varieties under conditions of both well-watered and drought stress. Employing 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, we analyzed the composition and dynamics of the rhizosphere bacterial community. Under drought stress, biomass, plant height, stem diameter, quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and soluble sugar of cassava decreased for both SC8 and SC124. The two varieties' rhizosphere bacterial communities' overall taxonomic structure was highly similar, but there were slight differences in relative abundance. SC124 mainly relied on Gamma-proteobacteria and Acidobacteriae in response to drought stress, and the abundance of this class was positively correlated with soil acid phosphatase. SC8 mainly relied on Actinobacteria in response to drought stress, and the abundance of this class was positively correlated with soil urease and soil saccharase. Overall, this study confirmed the key role of drought-induced rhizosphere bacteria in improving the adaptation of cassava to drought stress and clarified that this process is significantly related to variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huling Huang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.H.); (M.L.); (Q.G.); (R.Z.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mingchao Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.H.); (M.L.); (Q.G.); (R.Z.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiying Guo
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.H.); (M.L.); (Q.G.); (R.Z.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.H.); (M.L.); (Q.G.); (R.Z.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yindong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control of Hainan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China;
| | - Kai Luo
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.H.); (M.L.); (Q.G.); (R.Z.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- School of Breeding and Multiplication, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (H.H.); (M.L.); (Q.G.); (R.Z.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Eswaran SUD, Sundaram L, Perveen K, Bukhari NA, Sayyed RZ. Osmolyte-producing microbial biostimulants regulate the growth of Arachis hypogaea L. under drought stress. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:165. [PMID: 38745279 PMCID: PMC11094965 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, drought stress poses a significant threat to crop productivity. Improving the drought tolerance of crops with microbial biostimulants is a sustainable strategy to meet a growing population's demands. This research aimed to elucidate microbial biostimulants' (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) role in alleviating drought stress in oil-seed crops. In total, 15 bacterial isolates were selected for drought tolerance and screened for plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes like phosphate solubilization and production of indole-3-acetic acid, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and exopolysaccharide. This research describes two PGPR strains: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus AC06 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BA01. The present study demonstrated that these strains (AC06 and BA01) produced abundant osmolytes under osmotic stress, including proline (2.21 and 1.75 µg ml- 1), salicylic acid (18.59 and 14.21 µg ml- 1), trehalose (28.35 and 22.74 µg mg- 1 FW) and glycine betaine (11.35 and 7.74 mg g- 1) respectively. AC06 and BA01 strains were further evaluated for their multifunctional performance by inoculating in Arachis hypogaea L. (Groundnut) under mild and severe drought regimes (60 and 40% Field Capacity). Inoculation with microbial biostimulants displayed distinct osmotic-adjustment abilities of the groundnut, such as growth parameters, plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, proline, and soluble sugar in respective to control during drought. On the other hand, plant sensitivity indexes such as electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were decreased as well as cooperatively conferred plant drought tolerance by induced alterations in stress indicators such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Thus, Acinetobacter sp. AC06 and Bacillus sp. BA01 can be considered as osmolyte producing microbial biostimulants to simultaneously induce osmotic tolerance and metabolic changes in groundnuts under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lalitha Sundaram
- Soil Biology and PGPR Lab, Department of Botany, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, India
| | - Kahkashan Perveen
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat A Bukhari
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's S I Arts, G B Patel Science and STKV Sangh Commerce College, Shahada, 425409, India.
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Sultan H, Li Y, Ahmed W, Yixue M, Shah A, Faizan M, Ahmad A, Abbas HMM, Nie L, Khan MN. Biochar and nano biochar: Enhancing salt resilience in plants and soil while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120448. [PMID: 38422850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Salinity stress poses a significant challenge to agriculture, impacting soil health, plant growth and contributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In response to these intertwined challenges, the use of biochar and its nanoscale counterpart, nano-biochar, has gained increasing attention. This comprehensive review explores the heterogeneous role of biochar and nano-biochar in enhancing salt resilience in plants and soil while concurrently mitigating GHG emissions. The review discusses the effects of these amendments on soil physicochemical properties, improved water and nutrient uptake, reduced oxidative damage, enhanced growth and the alternation of soil microbial communities, enhance soil fertility and resilience. Furthermore, it examines their impact on plant growth, ion homeostasis, osmotic adjustment and plant stress tolerance, promoting plant development under salinity stress conditions. Emphasis is placed on the potential of biochar and nano-biochar to influence soil microbial activities, leading to altered emissions of GHG emissions, particularly nitrous oxide(N2O) and methane(CH4), contributing to climate change mitigation. The comprehensive synthesis of current research findings in this review provides insights into the multifunctional applications of biochar and nano-biochar, highlighting their potential to address salinity stress in agriculture and their role in sustainable soil and environmental management. Moreover, it identifies areas for further investigation, aiming to enhance our understanding of the intricate interplay between biochar, nano-biochar, soil, plants, and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Sultan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mu Yixue
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Asad Shah
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Mohammad Faizan
- Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Mazhar Abbas
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Lixiao Nie
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China.
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Li J, Fu G, Xing S, Chen B, Wu S, Feng H, Yang G, Zhou Y, Zhang X. Integrative application of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for enhanced chromium resistance in Medicago sativa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167289. [PMID: 37741381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil chromium (Cr) contamination has become an environmental problem of global concern. However, the joint effects of combined utilization of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal inoculum, which are considered as two promising remediation strategies of soil heavy metal pollutions, on plant Cr resistance are still poorly understood. In this study, a two-factor pot experiment was conducted to investigate how biochar and AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis regulate Medicago sativa growth, physiological trait, nutrient and Cr uptake, relevant gene expressions, soil properties, and Cr speciation, independently or synergistically. The results showed that biochar notably decreased AM colonization, while biochar and AM fungus could simultaneously increase plant dry biomass. The greatest growth promotion was observed in mycorrhizal shoots at the highest biochar level (50 g kg-1 soil) by 91 times. Both biochar application and AM fungal inoculation enhanced plant photosynthesis and P nutrition, but the promoting effects of AM fungus on them were significantly greater than that of biochar. In addition, the combined application of biochar and AM fungus dramatically reduced shoot and root Cr concentrations by up to 92 % and 78 %, respectively, compared to the non-amended treatment. Meanwhile, down-regulated expressions were observed for metal chelating-related genes. Furthermore, Cr translocation from roots to shoots was reduced by both two soil amendments. Transcriptional levels of genes involved in reactive oxygen species and proline metabolisms were also regulated by biochar application and AM fungal colonization, leading to alleviation of Cr phytotoxicity. Furthermore, AM fungal inoculation slightly elevated soil pH but decreased plant-available soil P, which was, by contrast, lifted by biochar addition. The combined application reduced soil acid-extractable Cr concentration by 40 %. This study provides new insights into comprehensively understanding of the mechanisms of biochar and AM fungi combination on improving plant Cr tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Gengxue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuping Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Songlin Wu
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Haiyan Feng
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Boudjabi S, Ababsa N, Chenchouni H. Enhancing soil resilience and crop physiology with biochar application for mitigating drought stress in durum wheat ( Triticumdurum). Heliyon 2023; 9:e22909. [PMID: 38125537 PMCID: PMC10731064 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biochar has recently garnered significant attention as an agricultural management technique highly endorsed by the scientific community. Biochar, owing to its high carbon content, contributes to increased organic matter storage in the soil, consequently enhancing crop growth. This study aimed to elucidate changes in physicochemical soil fertility and durum wheat (Triticum durum) var. Vitron production under the influence of three biochar doses (0 g/kg, 5 g/kg, and 15 g/kg of soil) in combination with varying levels of drought stress (100 %, 80 %, 40 %, and 20 % of field capacity 'FC'). Notably, we observed a substantial increase in all physicochemical soil parameters, except for active calcium carbonate equivalent (ACCE), which displayed lower values (8.78 ± 1.43 %) in soils treated with biochar compared to control soil (15.69 ± 4.03 %). The biochar dose of 5 g/kg yielded the highest moisture content (8.81 %) and pH value (7.83). However, the highest organic matter content (4.89 ± 0.17 %) and total calcium carbonate equivalent 'TCCE' (3.67 ± 0.48 %) were observed with the dose 15 g/kg. Nevertheless, regarding plant growth, no improvements were observed in terms of height and above-ground biomass (AGB). Conversely, leaf surface area exhibited significant changes with biochar application, along with an increase in chlorophyll pigment content. On the other hand, drought stress significantly hindered plant height, AGB, and leaf water reserves, resulting in values of 13.48 ± 1.60 cm, 1.57 ± 0.31g/plant, and 41.79 ± 1.67 %, respectively. The interaction between biochar and water stress appeared to mitigate and limit the impact of stress. Notably, an enhancement in organic matter storage and soil water reserves was observed. For example, the moisture content in the control soil was 6.95 %, while it increased to 12.76 % for 15g biochar/kg and 80 % FC. A similar trend was observed for organic matter, TCCE, and electrical conductivity. This effect positively influenced chlorophyll a and b content, as well as leaf water content. However, when stress was combined with biochar amendment, plant height and AGB decreased. The addition of biochar improved soil fertility and physiological parameters of wheat plants. Nevertheless, when combined with water stress, especially in cases of reduced water reserves, productivity did not witness any significant improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Boudjabi
- Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nature and Life Sciences, University of Tebessa, 12002 Tebessa, Algeria
- Laboratory “Water and Environment”, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nature and Life Sciences, University of Tebessa, 12002 Tebessa, Algeria
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Management of Sensitive Environments ‘RNAMS’, University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 04000 Oum-El-Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Nawal Ababsa
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Management of Sensitive Environments ‘RNAMS’, University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 04000 Oum-El-Bouaghi, Algeria
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Khenchela, 40016 El-Hamma, Khenchela, Algeria
| | - Haroun Chenchouni
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Management of Sensitive Environments ‘RNAMS’, University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 04000 Oum-El-Bouaghi, Algeria
- Department of Forest Management, Higher National School of Forests, 40000 Khenchela, Algeria
- Laboratory of Algerian Forests and Climate Change, Higher National School of Forests, 40000 Khenchela, Algeria
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Al-Turki A, Murali M, Omar AF, Rehan M, Sayyed R. Recent advances in PGPR-mediated resilience toward interactive effects of drought and salt stress in plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1214845. [PMID: 37829451 PMCID: PMC10565232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1214845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present crisis at hand revolves around the need to enhance plant resilience to various environmental stresses, including abiotic and biotic stresses, to ensure sustainable agriculture and mitigate the impact of climate change on crop production. One such promising approach is the utilization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to mediate plant resilience to these stresses. Plants are constantly exposed to various stress factors, such as drought, salinity, pathogens, and nutrient deficiencies, which can significantly reduce crop yield and quality. The PGPR are beneficial microbes that reside in the rhizosphere of plants and have been shown to positively influence plant growth and stress tolerance through various mechanisms, including nutrient solubilization, phytohormone production, and induction of systemic resistance. The review comprehensively examines the various mechanisms through which PGPR promotes plant resilience, including nutrient acquisition, hormonal regulation, and defense induction, focusing on recent research findings. The advancements made in the field of PGPR-mediated resilience through multi-omics approaches (viz., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) to unravel the intricate interactions between PGPR and plants have been discussed including their molecular pathways involved in stress tolerance. Besides, the review also emphasizes the importance of continued research and implementation of PGPR-based strategies to address the pressing challenges facing global food security including commercialization of PGPR-based bio-formulations for sustainable agricultural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al-Turki
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Murali
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Ayman F. Omar
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Pathology, and Biotechnology Lab. and EPCRS Excellence Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Medhat Rehan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, College of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - R.Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s S I Patil Arts, G B Patel Science and STKV Sangh Commerce College, Shahada, India
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Afrouz M, Sayyed RZ, Fazeli-Nasab B, Piri R, Almalki W, Fitriatin BN. Seed bio-priming with beneficial Trichoderma harzianum alleviates cold stress in maize. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15644. [PMID: 37645014 PMCID: PMC10461543 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize is one of the major crops in the world and the most productive member of the Gramineae family. Since cold stress affects the germination, growth, and productivity of corn seeds, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of seed biopriming with Trichoderma harzianum on the tolerance of two genotypes of maize seedlings to cold stress. This study was conducted in triplicates in factorial experiment with a complete randomized block design (CRBD). The study was conducted in the greenhouse and laboratory of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Experimental factors include two cultivars (AR68 cold-resistant and KSC703 cold-sensitive maize cultivars), four pretreatment levels (control, biopriming with T. harzianum, exogenous T. harzianum, and hydropriming), and two levels of cold stress (control and cold at 5 °C) in a hydroponic culture medium. The present study showed that maize leaves' establishment rate and maximum fluorescence (Fm) are affected by triple effects (C*, P*, S). The highest establishment (99.66%) and Fm (994 units) rates were observed in the KP3 control treatment. Moreover, among the pretreatments, the highest (0.476 days) and the lowest (0.182 days) establishment rates were related to P0 and P3 treatments, respectively. Cultivar A showed higher chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid content, and establishment rate compared to cultivar K in both optimal and cold conditions. The highest root dry weight (11.84 units) was obtained in cultivar A with P3 pretreatment. The pretreatments with T. harzianum increased physiological parameters and seedling emergence of maize under cold and optimal stress conditions. Pretreatment and cultivar improved catalase activity in roots and leaves. Higher leaf and root catalase activity was observed in the roots and leaves of cultivar K compared to cultivar A. The cold treatment significantly differed in peroxidase activity from the control treatment. Cultivar K showed higher catalase activity than cultivar A. The main effects of pretreatment and cold on polyphenol oxidase activity and proline content showed the highest polyphenol oxidase activity and proline content in hydropriming (H) treatment. Cold treatment also showed higher polyphenol oxidase activity and proline content than cold-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Afrouz
- Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Ardabil, Iran
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's S I Patil Arts, G B Patel Science and STKV Sangh Commerce College, Shahada, India
| | - Bahman Fazeli-Nasab
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ramin Piri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - WaleedHassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Jabborova D, Abdrakhmanov T, Jabbarov Z, Abdullaev S, Azimov A, Mohamed I, AlHarbi M, Abu-Elsaoud A, Elkelish A. Biochar improves the growth and physiological traits of alfalfa, amaranth and maize grown under salt stress. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15684. [PMID: 37609438 PMCID: PMC10441527 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Salinity is a main factor in decreasing seed germination, plant growth and yield. Salinity stress is a major problem for economic crops, as it can reduce crop yields and quality. Salinity stress occurs when the soil or water in which a crop is grown has a high salt content. Biochar improve plant growth and physiological traits under salt stress. The aim of the present study, the impact of biochar on growth, root morphological traits and physiological properties of alfalfa, amaranth and maize and soil enzyme activities under saline sands. Methods We studied the impact of biochar on plant growth and the physiological properties of alfalfa, amaranth and maize under salt stress conditions. After 40 days, plant growth parameters (plant height, shoot and root fresh weights), root morphological traits and physiological properties were measured. Soil nutrients such as the P, K and total N contents in soil and soil enzyme activities were analyzed. Results The results showed that the maize, alfalfa, and amaranth under biochar treatments significantly enhanced the plant height and root morphological traits over the control. The biochar on significantly increased the total root length, root diameter, and root volume. Compared to the control, the biochar significantly increased the chlorophyll a and b content, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content under salt stress. Furthermore, the biochar significantly increased enzyme activities of soil under salt stress in the three crops. Conclusions Biochar treatments promote plant growth and physiological traits of alfalfa, amaranth, and maize under the salt stress condition. Overall, biochar is an effective way to mitigate salinity stress in crops. It can help to reduce the amount of salt in the soil, improve the soil structure, and increase the availability of essential nutrients, which can all help to improve crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilfuza Jabborova
- National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Kibray, Uzbekistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maha AlHarbi
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelghafar Abu-Elsaoud
- Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudia Arabia
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudia Arabia
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10
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Paliwal K, Jajoo A, Tomar RS, Prakash A, Syed A, Bright JP, Sayyed RZ. Enhancing Biotic Stress Tolerance in Soybean Affected by Rhizoctonia solani Root Rot Through an Integrated Approach of Biocontrol Agent and Fungicide. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:304. [PMID: 37493820 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani causes root rot in soybean, a worldwide severe concern for soybean cultivation. The fungus grows and clogs the xylem tissue of the host plant by producing numerous sclerotia, which results in disease symptoms, such as yellowing of leaves, wilt, and plant death. Overuse of chemical fungicides increases the threat of developing resistance to pathogens, reduces soil productivity, and negatively impacts the health of the soil, the environment, and humans. An integrated pest management strategy improves crop yield, profit, and safety. The present study focused on a fungicide (carbendazim) compatibility test with a biocontrol agent (Pseudomonas fluorescence). It evaluated the effect of this combined approach on photosynthetic reactions and growth in soybean in the presence of the fungal pathogen R. solani. The study showed that P. fluorescence significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani (43%) and tolerated 0.05-0.15% concentration of carbendazim. This confirms the suitability compatibility of P. fluorescence with chemical fungicides for IPM. These novel blending significantly reduced the disease incidence by about 75%, and a 72% decrease in disease severity was observed compared to pathogen control. Moreover, this combined approach has also improved plant growth, yield parameters, and photosynthetic efficiency in the presence of R. solani treated with an integrated system showed better overall growth despite being infected by the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Paliwal
- Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, 462026, India
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, 452017, India
| | - Rupal Singh Tomar
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, 452017, India
| | - Anil Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, 462026, India.
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeberlin Prabina Bright
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, 628 252, India
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Asian PGPR Society, Auburn Ventures, Auburn, AL, 36830, USA.
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11
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Hamidian M, Movahhedi-Dehnavi M, Sayyed RZ, Almalki WH, Gafur A, Fazeli-Nasab B. Co-inoculation of Mycorrhiza and methyl jasmonate regulates morpho-physiological and antioxidant responses of Crocus sativus (Saffron) under salinity stress conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7378. [PMID: 37149662 PMCID: PMC10164175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress is the second most devastating abiotic factor limiting plant growth and yields. Climate changes have significantly increased salinity levels of soil. Besides improving the physiological responses under stress conditions, jasmonates modulate Mycorrhiza-Plant relationships. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJ) and Funneliformis mosseae (Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) on morphology and improving antioxidant mechanisms in Crocus sativus L. under salinity stress. After inoculation with AM, pre-treated C. sativus corms with MeJ were grown under low, moderate, and severe salinity stress. Intense salinity levels damaged the corm, root, total leaf dry weight, and area. Salinities up to 50 mM increased Proline content and Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, but MeJ increased this trend in proline. Generally, MeJ increased anthocyanins, total soluble sugars, and PPO. Total chlorophyll and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased by salinity. The maximum catalase and SOD activities in + MeJ + AM were 50 and 125 mM, respectively, and the maximum total chlorophyll in -MeJ + AM treatment was 75 mM. Although 20 and 50 mM increased plant growth, using mycorrhiza and jasmonate enhanced this trend. Moreover, these treatments reduced the damage of 75 and 100 mM salinity stress. Using MeJ and AM can improve the growth of saffron under various ranges of salinity stress levels; however, in severe levels like 120 mM, this phytohormone and F. mosseae effects on saffron could be adverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hamidian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Movahhedi-Dehnavi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's S I Patil Arts, G B Patel Science and STKV Sangh Commerce College, Shahada, 425409, India.
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Gafur
- Sinarmas Forestry Corporate Research and Development, Perawang, Indonesia
| | - Bahman Fazeli-Nasab
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
- Plant Biotechnology and Breeding Department, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Ferioun M, bouhraoua S, Srhiouar N, Tirry N, Belahcen D, Siang TC, Louahlia S, El Ghachtouli N. Optimized drought tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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13
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Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Biochar on Growth, Nutrient Absorption, and Physiological Properties of Maize ( Zea mays L.). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121275. [PMID: 36547608 PMCID: PMC9782859 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) and biochar are two common alternatives to chemical fertilizers applied to soil to improve crop growth. However, their interactive effects on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, nutrient absorption, and physiological properties remain poorly understood. In this study, maize plants were grown in pots treated with biochar and AMFs Diversispora eburnea, alone or in combination. The results showed that the individual application of AMFs or biochar increased maize growth and mineral contents in shoots and roots (including P, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn). The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents in AMF-treated leaves were significantly higher than those in the control treatment group. However, AMFs had no synergistic effects with biochar on maize growth, nutrient absorption, nor photosynthetic pigments. The application of biochar to the soil significantly reduced mycorrhizal colonization by 40.58% in the root tissues, accompanied by a significant decline in mycorrhizal dependency from 80.57% to -28.67%. We conclude that the application of biochar and AMFs can affect maize growth, nutrient uptake, and physiological properties. Our study can provide vital information for further resource use optimization in agroecosystems.
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