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Zhao K, Lan Y, Shi Y, Duan C, Yu K. Metabolite and transcriptome analyses reveal the effects of salinity stress on the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins in grape suspension cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1351008. [PMID: 38576780 PMCID: PMC10993317 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1351008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) and anthocyanins are flavonoids that contribute to the quality and health benefits of grapes and wine. Salinity affects their biosynthesis, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. We studied the effects of NaCl stress on PA and anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape suspension cells derived from berry skins of Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Sauvignon using metabolite profiling and transcriptome analysis. We treated the cells with low (75 mM NaCl) and high (150 mM NaCl) salinity for 4 and 7 days. High salinity inhibited cell growth and enhanced PA and anthocyanin accumulation more than low salinity. The salinity-induced PAs and anthocyanins lacked C5'-hydroxylation modification, suggesting the biological significance of delphinidin- and epigallocatechin-derivatives in coping with stress. The genes up-regulated by salinity stress indicated that the anthocyanin pathway was more sensitive to salt concentration than the PA pathway, and WGCNA analysis revealed the coordination between flavonoid biosynthesis and cell wall metabolism under salinity stress. We identified transcription factors potentially involved in regulating NaCl dose- and time-dependent PA and anthocyanin accumulation, showing the dynamic remodeling of flavonoid regulation network under different salinity levels and durations. Our study provides new insights into regulator candidates for tailoring flavonoid composition and molecular indicators of salt stress in grape cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainan Zhao
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yibin Lan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Keji Yu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Vale M, Badim H, Gerós H, Conde A. Non-Mature miRNA-Encoded Micropeptide miPEP166c Stimulates Anthocyanin and Proanthocyanidin Synthesis in Grape Berry Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1539. [PMID: 38338816 PMCID: PMC10855927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways exhibit intricate regulation, not only influenced by environmental factors and a complex network of transcription factors but also by post-transcriptional regulation, such as silencing by microRNAs and miRNA-encoded micropeptides (miPEPs). VviMYBC2-L1 serves as a transcriptional repressor for flavonoids, playing a crucial role in coordinating the synthesis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin. It works in tandem with their respective transcriptional activators, VviMYBA1/2 and VviMYBPA1, to maintain an equilibrium of flavonoids. We have discovered a miPEP encoded by miR166c that appears to target VviMYBC2-L1. We conducted experiments to test the hypothesis that silencing this transcriptional repressor through miPEP166c would stimulate the synthesis of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. Our transcriptional analyses by qPCR revealed that the application of exogenous miPEP166c to Gamay Fréaux grape berry cells resulted in a significant upregulation in flavonoid transcriptional activators (VviMYBA1/2 and VviMYBPA1) and structural flavonoid genes (VviLDOX and VviDFR), as well as genes involved in the synthesis of proanthocyanidins (VviLAR1 and VviANR) and anthocyanins (VviUFGT1). These findings were supported by the increased enzyme activities of the key enzymes UFGT, LAR, and ANR, which were 2-fold, 14-fold, and 3-fold higher, respectively, in the miPEP166c-treated cells. Ultimately, these changes led to an elevated total content of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vale
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.V.); (H.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Hélder Badim
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.V.); (H.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.V.); (H.B.); (A.C.)
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Conde
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.V.); (H.B.); (A.C.)
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Zenoni S, Savoi S, Busatto N, Tornielli GB, Costa F. Molecular regulation of apple and grape ripening: exploring common and distinct transcriptional aspects of representative climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6207-6223. [PMID: 37591311 PMCID: PMC10627160 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits of angiosperms are organs specialized for promoting seed dispersal by attracting herbivores and enticing them to consume the organ and the seeds it contains. Ripening can be broadly defined as the processes serving as a plant strategy to make the fleshy fruit appealing to animals, consisting of a coordinated series of changes in color, texture, aroma, and flavor that result from an intricate interplay of genetically and epigenetically programmed events. The ripening of fruits can be categorized into two types: climacteric, which is characterized by a rapid increase in respiration rate typically accompanied by a burst of ethylene production, and non-climacteric, in which this pronounced peak in respiration is absent. Here we review current knowledge of transcriptomic changes taking place in apple (Malus × domestica, climacteric) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera, non-climacteric) fruit during ripening, with the aim of highlighting specific and common hormonal and molecular events governing the process in the two species. With this perspective, we found that specific NAC transcription factor members participate in ripening initiation in grape and are involved in restoring normal physiological ripening progression in impaired fruit ripening in apple. These elements suggest the existence of a common regulatory mechanism operated by NAC transcription factors and auxin in the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Savoi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Nicola Busatto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 39098 San Michele all’Adige (Trento), Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Costa
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Mach 1, 39098 San Michele all’Adige (Trento), Italy
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Ren C, Gathunga EK, Li X, Li H, Kong J, Dai Z, Liang Z. Efficient genome editing in grapevine using CRISPR/LbCas12a system. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:21. [PMID: 37853418 PMCID: PMC10583370 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) /Cas12a system, also known as CRISPR/Cpf1, has been successfully harnessed for genome engineering in many plants, but not in grapevine yet. Here we developed and demonstrated the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas12a from Lachnospiraceae bacterium ND2006 (LbCas12a) in inducing targeted mutagenesis by targeting the tonoplastic monosaccharide transporter1 (TMT1) and dihydroflavonol-4-reductase 1 (DFR1) genes in 41B cells. Knockout of DFR1 gene altered flavonoid accumulation in dfr1 mutant cells. Heat treatment (34℃) improved the editing efficiencies of CRISPR/LbCas12a system, and the editing efficiencies of TMT1-crRNA1 and TMT1-crRNA2 increased from 35.3% to 44.6% and 29.9% to 37.3% after heat treatment, respectively. Moreover, the sequences of crRNAs were found to be predominant factor affecting editing efficiencies irrespective of the positions within the crRNA array designed for multiplex genome editing. In addition, genome editing with truncated crRNAs (trucrRNAs) showed that trucrRNAs with 20 nt guide sequences were as effective as original crRNAs with 24 nt guides in generating targeted mutagenesis, whereas trucrRNAs with shorter regions of target complementarity ≤ 18 nt in length may not induce detectable mutations in 41B cells. All these results provide evidence for further applications of CRISPR/LbCas12a system in grapevine as a powerful tool for genome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Beijing, 100093, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing, 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, PR China
| | - Elias Kirabi Gathunga
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Beijing, 100093, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing, 100093, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Beijing, 100093, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing, 100093, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Huayang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Beijing, 100093, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing, 100093, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Junhua Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Beijing, 100093, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing, 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, PR China
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Beijing, 100093, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing, 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, PR China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Beijing, 100093, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Beijing, 100093, PR China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, PR China.
- Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Nanxin Village 20, XiangshanBeijing, 100093, China.
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Ferreira AC, Rebelo BA, Abranches R. A simplified protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cell suspension cultures of the model species Medicago truncatula A17. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2023; 153:669-675. [PMID: 37197004 PMCID: PMC10034231 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-023-02495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript describes a unique protocol for the rapid transformation of Medicago truncatula A17 cell suspension cultures mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Medicago cells were collected on day 7 of the growth curve, which corresponded to the beginning of the exponential phase. They were then co-cultured with Agrobacterium for 3 days before being spread onto a petri dish with appropriate antibiotic selection. The Receptor Binding Domain of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was used as a model to develop this protocol. The presence of the transgene was assessed using PCR, and the integrity of the product was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Ferreira
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, ITQB NOVA – Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bárbara A. Rebelo
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, ITQB NOVA – Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita Abranches
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, ITQB NOVA – Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Kulshreshtha A, Sharma S, Padilla CS, Mandadi KK. Plant-based expression platforms to produce high-value metabolites and proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1043478. [PMID: 36426139 PMCID: PMC9679013 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based heterologous expression systems can be leveraged to produce high-value therapeutics, industrially important proteins, metabolites, and bioproducts. The production can be scaled up, free from pathogen contamination, and offer post-translational modifications to synthesize complex proteins. With advancements in molecular techniques, transgenics, CRISPR/Cas9 system, plant cell, tissue, and organ culture, significant progress has been made to increase the expression of recombinant proteins and important metabolites in plants. Methods are also available to stabilize RNA transcripts, optimize protein translation, engineer proteins for their stability, and target proteins to subcellular locations best suited for their accumulation. This mini-review focuses on recent advancements to enhance the production of high-value metabolites and proteins necessary for therapeutic applications using plants as bio-factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kulshreshtha
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. GCN College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India
| | - Carmen S. Padilla
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Kranthi K. Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX, United States
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