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Wang YG, Zhang YM, Wang YH, Zhang K, Ma J, Hang JX, Su YT, Tan SS, Liu H, Xiong AS, Xu ZS. The Y locus encodes a REPRESSOR OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES protein that represses carotenoid biosynthesis via interaction with APRR2 in carrot. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2798-2817. [PMID: 38593056 PMCID: PMC11289637 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the factors regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in roots. In this study, we characterized DCAR_032551, the candidate gene of the Y locus responsible for the transition of root color from ancestral white to yellow during carrot (Daucus carota) domestication. We show that DCAR_032551 encodes a REPRESSOR OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES (RPGE) protein, named DcRPGE1. DcRPGE1 from wild carrot (DcRPGE1W) is a repressor of carotenoid biosynthesis. Specifically, DcRPGE1W physically interacts with DcAPRR2, an ARABIDOPSIS PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR2 (APRR2)-like transcription factor. Through this interaction, DcRPGE1W suppresses DcAPRR2-mediated transcriptional activation of the key carotenogenic genes phytoene synthase 1 (DcPSY1), DcPSY2, and lycopene ε-cyclase (DcLCYE), which strongly decreases carotenoid biosynthesis. We also demonstrate that the DcRPGE1W-DcAPRR2 interaction prevents DcAPRR2 from binding to the RGATTY elements in the promoter regions of DcPSY1, DcPSY2, and DcLCYE. Additionally, we identified a mutation in the DcRPGE1 coding region of yellow and orange carrots that leads to the generation of alternatively spliced transcripts encoding truncated DcRPGE1 proteins unable to interact with DcAPRR2, thereby failing to suppress carotenoid biosynthesis. These findings provide insights into the transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis and offer potential target genes for enhancing carotenoid accumulation in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jia-Xin Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan-Shan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Huang B, Li Y, Jia K, Wang X, Wang H, Li C, Sui X, Zhang Y, Nie J, Yuan Y, Jia D. The MdMYB44-MdTPR1 repressive complex inhibits MdCCD4 and MdCYP97A3 expression through histone deacetylation to regulate carotenoid biosynthesis in apple. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:540-556. [PMID: 38662911 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids are photosynthetic pigments and antioxidants that contribute to different plant colors. However, the involvement of TOPLESS (TPL/TPR)-mediated histone deacetylation in the modulation of carotenoid biosynthesis through ethylene-responsive element-binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR)-containing transcription factors (TFs) in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is poorly understood. MdMYB44 is a transcriptional repressor that contains an EAR repression motif. In the present study, we used functional analyses and molecular assays to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which MdMYB44-MdTPR1-mediated histone deacetylation influences carotenoid biosynthesis in apples. We identified two carotenoid biosynthetic genes, MdCCD4 and MdCYP97A3, that were confirmed to be involved in MdMYB44-mediated carotenoid biosynthesis. MdMYB44 enhanced β-branch carotenoid biosynthesis by repressing MdCCD4 expression, whereas MdMYB44 suppressed lutein level by repressing MdCYP97A3 expression. Moreover, MdMYB44 partially influences carotenoid biosynthesis by interacting with the co-repressor TPR1 through the EAR motif to inhibit MdCCD4 and MdCYP97A3 expression via histone deacetylation. Our findings indicate that the MdTPR1-MdMYB44 repressive cascade regulates carotenoid biosynthesis, providing profound insights into the molecular basis of histone deacetylation-mediated carotenoid biosynthesis in plants. These results also provide evidence that the EAR-harboring TF/TPL repressive complex plays a universal role in histone deacetylation-mediated inhibition of gene expression in various plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchang Huang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kun Jia
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiuqi Sui
- Yantai Modern Fruit Development limited company, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jiyun Nie
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yongbing Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dongjie Jia
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, 266109, China
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Jia D, Li Y, Jia K, Huang B, Dang Q, Wang H, Wang X, Li C, Zhang Y, Nie J, Yuan Y. Abscisic acid activates transcription factor module MdABI5-MdMYBS1 during carotenoid-derived apple fruit coloration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2053-2072. [PMID: 38536032 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids are major pigments contributing to fruit coloration. We previously reported that the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) mutant fruits of "Beni Shogun" and "Yanfu 3" show a marked difference in fruit coloration. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we determined that carotenoid is the main factor influencing fruit flesh color. We identified an R1-type MYB transcription factor (TF), MdMYBS1, which was found to be highly associated with carotenoids and abscisic acid (ABA) contents of apple fruits. Overexpression of MdMYBS1 promoted, and silencing of MdMYBS1 repressed, β-branch carotenoids synthesis and ABA accumulation. MdMYBS1 regulates carotenoid biosynthesis by directly activating the major carotenoid biosynthetic genes encoding phytoene synthase (MdPSY2-1) and lycopene β-cyclase (MdLCYb). 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (MdNCED1) contributes to ABA biosynthesis, and MdMYBS1 enhances endogenous ABA accumulation by activating the MdNCED1 promoter. In addition, the basic leucine zipper domain TF ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5 (MdABI5) was identified as an upstream activator of MdMYBS1, which promotes carotenoid and ABA accumulation. Furthermore, ABA promotes carotenoid biosynthesis and enhances MdMYBS1 and MdABI5 promoter activities. Our findings demonstrate that the MdABI5-MdMYBS1 cascade activated by ABA regulates carotenoid-derived fruit coloration and ABA accumulation in apple, providing avenues in breeding and planting for improvement of fruit coloration and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Jia
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kun Jia
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Benchang Huang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qingyuan Dang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jiyun Nie
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yongbing Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Technology Centre for Whole Process Quality Control of FSEN Horticultural Products (Qingdao)/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China
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Huo J, Zhang N, Gong Y, Bao Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Nie S. Effects of different light intensity on leaf color changes in a Chinese cabbage yellow cotyledon mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1371451. [PMID: 38689838 PMCID: PMC11058996 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1371451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Leaf color is one of the most important phenotypic features in horticultural crops and directly related to the contents of photosynthetic pigments. Most leaf color mutants are determined by the altered chlorophyll or carotenoid, which can be affected by light quality and intensity. Our previous study obtained a Chinese cabbage yellow cotyledon mutant that exhibited obvious yellow phenotypes in the cotyledons and the new leaves. However, the underlying mechanisms in the formation of yellow cotyledons and leaves remain unclear. In this study, the Chinese cabbage yellow cotyledon mutant 19YC-2 exhibited obvious difference in leaf color and abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure compared to the normal green cotyledon line 19GC-2. Remarkably, low-intensity light treatment caused turn-green leaves and a significant decrease in carotenoid content in 19YC-2. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the pathways of photosynthesis antenna proteins and carotenoid biosynthesis were significantly enriched during the process of leaf color changes, and many differentially expressed genes related to the two pathways were identified to respond to different light intensities. Remarkably, BrPDS and BrLCYE genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis showed significantly higher expression in 19YC-2 than that in 19GC-2, which was positively related to the higher carotenoid content in 19YC-2. In addition, several differentially expressed transcription factors were also identified and highly correlated to the changes in carotenoid content, suggesting that they may participate in the regulatory pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of leaf color changes in yellow cotyledon mutant 19YC-2 of Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lugang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanshan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Zheng X, Huang L, Fan B, Peng C, Iqbal A, Zhang Y, Chen H, Ye J, Yang Y. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses of the effects of bagging treatment on carotenoid biosynthesis and regulation of Areca catechu L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1364945. [PMID: 38628364 PMCID: PMC11018958 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1364945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Fresh Aareca nut fruit for fresh fruit chewing commonly found in green or dark green hues. Despite its economic significance, there is currently insufficient research on the study of color and luster of areca. And the areca nut fruits after bagging showed obvious color change from green to tender yellow. In the study, we tried to explain this interesting variation in exocarp color. Methods Fruits were bagged (with a double-layered black interior and yellow exterior) 45 days after pollination and subsequently harvested 120 days after pollination. In this study, we examined the the chlorophyll and carotenoid content of pericarp exocarp, integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics to study the effects of bagging on the carotenoid pathway at the molecular level. Results It was found that the chlorophyll and carotenoid content of bagged areca nut (YP) exocarp was significantly reduced. A total of 21 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and 1784 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by transcriptomics and metabolomics. Three key genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway as candidate genes for qPCR validation by co-analysis, which suggested their role in the regulation of pathways related to crtB, crtZ and CYP707A. Discussion We described that light intensity may appear as a main factor influencing the noted shift from green to yellow and the ensuing reduction in carotenoid content after bagging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Liyun Huang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
| | - Benyi Fan
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Chunlin Peng
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
| | - Hongman Chen
- Planting Research Section, Hainan Agriculture School, Haikou, China
| | - Jianqiu Ye
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
| | - Yaodong Yang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
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Mathiazhagan M, Elangovan D, Chinnaiyan V, Shivashankara KS, Sudhakar Rao DV, Ravishankar KV. A high-density linkage map construction in guava ( Psidium guajava L.) using genotyping by sequencing and identification of QTLs for leaf, peel, and pulp color in an intervarietal mapping population. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1335715. [PMID: 38476683 PMCID: PMC10927721 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1335715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Psidium guajava L. is an important fruit crop in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The advanced breeding methods are not employed for important commercial traits like peel and pulp color, seed hardiness, fruit size, etc., due to the scarcity of genome-wide molecular markers and high-density linkage maps. In this study, we employed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions that are associated with color traits of leaf, peel, and pulp in the guava intervarietal mapping population. The mapping population was developed from the contrasting genotypes of fruit and leaf color. Variations in color among the segregating hybrids were recorded both visually and using a Color reader. A high-density linkage map of guava was constructed using the SNP markers from genotyping by sequencing (GBS) of 150 hybrid individuals of the cross 'Arka Poorna' (green) x 'Purple Local' (purple). The integrated linkage map consisted of 1426 SNPs mapped on 11 linkage groups (LG), spanning a total distance of around 730 cM with an average of 129.6 markers per LG. Through QTL analysis for color traits, a minor QTL region was identified for visually scored leaf color and peel color on LG1, whereas a major QTL was detected for pulp color in LG4. The Hunter color values (L* and, a*) also had major QTLs with overlapping marker intervals for leaf and peel colors, establishing the association of SNP markers to the trait. The QTLs harbored genes and transcription factors involved in lycopene and anthocyanin pigment biosynthesis. This is the first report of a high-density linkage map based on SNP markers in guava and QTL mapping for color characters in leaf, fruit peel and pulp. The genotyping information generated in this study can aid in genetic engineering and marker-assisted breeding in guava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malarvizhi Mathiazhagan
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
- Centre for Post-graduate Studies, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dayanandhi Elangovan
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vasugi Chinnaiyan
- Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Darisi Venkata Sudhakar Rao
- Division of Post Harvest Technology and Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
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Skripnikov A. Bioassays for Identifying and Characterizing Plant Regulatory Peptides. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1795. [PMID: 38136666 PMCID: PMC10741408 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant peptides are a new frontier in plant biology, owing to their key regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Synthetic peptides are promising biological agents that can be used to improve crop growth and protection in an environmentally sustainable manner. Plant regulatory peptides identified in pioneering research, including systemin, PSK, HypSys, RALPH, AtPep1, CLV3, TDIF, CLE, and RGF/GLV/CLEL, hold promise for crop improvement as potent regulators of plant growth and defense. Mass spectrometry and bioinformatics are greatly facilitating the discovery and identification of new plant peptides. The biological functions of most novel plant peptides remain to be elucidated. Bioassays are an essential part in studying the biological activity of identified and putative plant peptides. Root growth assays and cultivated plant cell cultures are widely used to evaluate the regulatory potential of plant peptides during growth, differentiation, and stress reactions. These bioassays can be used as universal approaches for screening peptides from different plant species. Development of high-throughput bioassays can facilitate the screening of large numbers of identified and putative plant peptides, which have recently been discovered but remain uncharacterized for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Skripnikov
- Shemyakin—Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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Li JW, Zhou P, Deng YJ, Hu ZH, Li XH, Chen X, Xiong AS, Zhuang J. Overexpressing CsPSY1 Gene of Tea Plant, Encoding a Phytoene Synthase, Improves α-Carotene and β-Carotene Contents in Carrot. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00942-5. [PMID: 37897587 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) belong to Theaceae family, in the section Thea. Tea plants are widely distributed in subtropical and tropical regions in the word. α-carotene and β-carotene in the tea leaves belong to carotenoids, which are associated with the aroma and color of the tea. Phytoene synthase (PSY) is a rate-limiting enzyme in carotenoids biosynthesis. We identified three CsPSY genes in 'Shuchazao', named CsPSY1, CsPSY2, and CsPSY3. Structural analysis of three CsPSY genes showed that CsPSY1 had a longer intro structure. The cis-acting elements of CsPSYs promoter were mainly associated with light-responsiveness, abiotic stress-responsiveness, and hormone-responsiveness. CsPSY1 exhibited expression in all tissues of the tea plants, whereas CsPSY2 and CsPSY3 were trace expression levels in all tissues. The positive expression of CsPSY1 under hormonal and abiotic stresses suggested its role in plant development and defense responses. The amino acid sequence of CsPSY1 was highly conserved in eight tea cultivars. The recombinant vector pCAMBIA1301-CsPSY1 was constructed to stabilize the overexpression of CsPSY1 in carrot. The contents of α-carotene and β-carotene in transgenic carrot callus were significantly increased. This study provides a foundational basis for further research on the function of CsPSYs and carotenoids accumulation in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Hu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xing-Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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9
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Wang H, Tian Y, Li Y, Wei J, Ma F, Liang W, Li C. Analysis of Carotenoids and Gene Expression in Apple Germplasm Resources Reveals the Role of MdCRTISO and MdLCYE in the Accumulation of Carotenoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15121-15131. [PMID: 37796201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids play an important role in the coloring and nutritional value of apple (Malus spp.) fruits. Here, six carotenoids, including lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin, were detected in 105 fruits of apple germplasm resources, which showed a skewed distribution in both the peel and pulp. There were more carotenoids in the peel than in the pulp, and lutein and β-carotene were the primary carotenoids that were present. The expression levels of most carotenoid pathway genes in germplasm fruits during fruit development were higher in the fruits that had an abundance of carotenoids. A linear relationship analysis showed that the expression levels of MdCRTISO and MdLCYE were highly correlated with the content of carotenoids. The leaves accumulated the greatest number of carotenoids, while the roots had the lowest amount. MdCRTISO and MdLCYE were highly expressed in the fruits compared to other tissues. Transgenic calli and transiently transformed fruits confirmed that MdCRTISO and MdLCYE affected the biosynthesis of carotenoids owing to their effects on the expression of other genes for enzymes in the carotenoid pathway. Our findings will extend the understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis in apple and excavate apple germplasm resources with rich carotenoids to breed high-quality apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuchen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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10
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Yue Q, Yang X, Cheng P, He J, Shen W, Li Y, Ma F, Niu C, Guan Q. Heterologous Overexpression of Apple MdKING1 Promotes Fruit Ripening in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2848. [PMID: 37571003 PMCID: PMC10421076 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is governed by a complex regulatory network, and ethylene plays an important role in this process. MdKING1 is a γ subunit of SNF1-related protein kinases (SnRKs), but the function was unclear. Here, we characterized the role of MdKING1 during fruit ripening, which can promote fruit ripening through the ethylene pathway. Our findings reveal that MdKING1 has higher expression in early-ripening cultivars than late-ripening during the early stage of apple fruit development, and its transcription level significantly increased during apple fruit ripening. Overexpression of MdKING1 (MdKING1 OE) in tomatoes could promote early ripening of fruits, with the increase in ethylene content and the loss of fruit firmness. Ethylene inhibitor treatment could delay the fruit ripening of both MdKING1 OE and WT fruits. However, MdKING1 OE fruits turned fruit ripe faster, with an increase in carotenoid content compared with WT. In addition, the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis (SlACO1, SlACS2, and SlACS4), carotenoid biosynthesis (SlPSY1 and SlGgpps2a), and fruit firmness regulation (SlPG2a, SlPL, and SlCEL2) was also increased in the fruits of MdKING1 OE plants. In conclusion, our results suggest that MdKING1 plays a key role in promoting tomato fruit ripening, thus providing a theoretical basis for apple fruit quality improvement by genetic engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Yue
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Pengda Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Jieqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Wenyun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Chundong Niu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Qingmei Guan
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
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