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Gupta A, Kumar M, Zhang B, Tomar M, Walia AK, Choyal P, Saini RP, Potkule J, Burritt DJ, Sheri V, Verma P, Chandran D, Tran LSP. Improvement of qualitative and quantitative traits in cotton under normal and stressed environments using genomics and biotechnological tools: A review. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111937. [PMID: 38043729 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing demand for high-quality and high fiber-yielding cotton (Gossypium spp.), research into the development of stress-resilient cotton cultivars has acquired greater significance. Various biotic and abiotic stressors greatly affect cotton production and productivity, posing challenges to the future of the textile industry. Moreover, the content and quality of cottonseed oil can also potentially be influenced by future environmental conditions. Apart from conventional methods, genetic engineering has emerged as a potential tool to improve cotton fiber quality and productivity. Identification and modification of genome sequences and the expression levels of yield-related genes using genetic engineering approaches have enabled to increase both the quality and yields of cotton fiber and cottonseed oil. Herein, we evaluate the significance and molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation of cotton agronomic traits under both normal and stressful environmental conditions. In addition, the importance of gossypol, a toxic phenolic compound in cottonseed that can limit consumption by animals and humans, is reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea; Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India.
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Maharishi Tomar
- ICAR - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | | | - Prince Choyal
- ICAR - Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore 452001, India
| | | | - Jayashree Potkule
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Vijay Sheri
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Pooja Verma
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, Palakkad 679335, Kerala, India
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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Li Y, Zheng A, Li Z, Wang H, Wang J, Dong Z, Yao L, Han X, Wei F. Characterization and gene expression analysis reveal universal stress proteins respond to abiotic stress in Gossypium hirsutum. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:98. [PMID: 38262967 PMCID: PMC10804864 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Universal stress proteins (USPs) are a class of stress-induced proteins that play a crucial role in biotic and abiotic stress responses. These proteins have previously been reported to participate directly in responses to various stress and protect plants against unfavorable environmental conditions. However, there is limited research on USPs in cotton, and systematic characterization of USPs in Gossypium species is lacking. RESULTS In the present study, the USP genes in Gossypium hirsutum were systematically identified and classified into six distinct subfamilies. The expansion of USPs in Gossypium species is mainly caused by dispersed duplication and whole genome duplication. Notably, the USPs that have expanded through allotetraploidization events are highly conserved in the allotetraploid species. The promoter regions of GhUSPs contain a diverse range of cis-acting elements associated with stress response. The RNA-Seq analysis and RT-qPCR assays revealed a significant induction of numerous GhUSPs expressions in response to various abiotic stresses. The co-expression network of GhUSPs revealed their involvement in stress response. CONCLUSIONS This study systematically analyzed the biological characteristics of GhUSPs and their response to abiotic stress. These findings serve as a theoretical basis for facilitating the breeding of cotton varieties in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Li
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Ao Zheng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467000, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhanghui Dong
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China
| | - Lina Yao
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China.
| | - Fei Wei
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Tian Y, Fang Y, Zhang K, Zhai Z, Yang Y, He M, Cao X. Applications of Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Cotton. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:272. [PMID: 38256825 PMCID: PMC10819639 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an RNA-mediated reverse genetics technique that has become an effective tool to investigate gene function in plants. Cotton is one of the most important economic crops globally. In the past decade, VIGS has been successfully applied in cotton functional genomic studies, including those examining abiotic and biotic stress responses and vegetative and reproductive development. This article summarizes the traditional vectors used in the cotton VIGS system, the visible markers used for endogenous gene silencing, the applications of VIGS in cotton functional genomics, and the limitations of VIGS and how they can be addressed in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tian
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (K.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Yao Fang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (K.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (K.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Zeyang Zhai
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (K.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (K.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Meiyu He
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (K.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Xu Cao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Y.T.); (Y.F.); (K.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
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Dong Z, Huang J, Qi T, Meng A, Fu Q, Fu Y, Xu F. Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid Can Improve Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Two Cotton Cultivars under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:82. [PMID: 38202390 PMCID: PMC10781152 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Excessive salt content in soil has adverse effects on cotton production, especially during the germination and seedling stages. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important active substance that is expected to improve the resistance of plants to abiotic stresses. This study focused on two cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.: Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong 62) and investigated the impact of exogenous GABA (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mM) on seed germination, seedling growth, and related morphological, physiological, and biochemical indicators under salt stress (150 mM NaCl). The results showed that salt stress significantly reduced the germination rate and germination index of cotton seeds (decreased by 20.34% and 32.14% for Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong 62, respectively), leading to decreased seedling height and biomass and causing leaf yellowing. Salt stress induced osmotic stress in seedlings, resulting in ion imbalance (marked reduction in K+/Na+ ratio) and oxidative damage. Under salt stress conditions, exogenous GABA increased the germination rate (increased by 10.64~23.40% and 2.63~31.58% for Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong 62, respectively) and germination index of cotton seeds, as well as plant height and biomass. GABA treatment improved leaf yellowing. Exogenous GABA treatment increased the content of proline and soluble sugars, with varying effects on betaine. Exogenous GABA treatment reduced the Na+ content in seedlings, increased the K+ content, and increased the K+/Na+ ratio (increased by 20.44~28.08% and 29.54~76.33% for Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong 62, respectively). Exogenous GABA treatment enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, and reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, but had a negative impact on catalase activity. In conclusion, exogenous GABA effectively improved cotton seed germination. By regulating osmoprotectant levels, maintaining ion homeostasis, and alleviating oxidative stress, GABA mitigated the adverse effects of salt stress on cotton seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiduo Dong
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (J.H.); (A.M.); (Y.F.); (F.X.)
| | - Jian Huang
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (J.H.); (A.M.); (Y.F.); (F.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Tong Qi
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (J.H.); (A.M.); (Y.F.); (F.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ajing Meng
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (J.H.); (A.M.); (Y.F.); (F.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Qiuping Fu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
| | - Yanbo Fu
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (J.H.); (A.M.); (Y.F.); (F.X.)
- National Soil Quality Aksu Observation Experimental Station, Aksu 843000, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer, Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (J.H.); (A.M.); (Y.F.); (F.X.)
- National Soil Quality Aksu Observation Experimental Station, Aksu 843000, China
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Abro AA, Anwar M, Javwad MU, Zhang M, Liu F, Jiménez-Ballesta R, Salama EA, Ahmed MA. Morphological and physio-biochemical responses under heat stress in cotton: Overview. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 40:e00813. [PMID: 37859996 PMCID: PMC10582760 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is an important cash crop in addition to being a fiber commodity, and it plays an essential part in the economies of numerous nations. High temperature is the most critical element affecting its yield from fertilization to harvest. The optimal temperature for root formation is 30 C -35 °C; however, root development ends around 40 °C. Increased temperature, in particular, influences different biochemical and physiological processes associated with cotton plant, resulting in low seed cotton production. Many studies in various agroecological zones used various agronomic strategies and contemporary breeding techniques to reduce heat stress and improve cotton productivity. To attain desired traits, cotton breeders should investigate all potential possibilities, such as generating superior cultivars by traditional breeding, employing molecular techniques and transgenic methods, such as using genome editing techniques. The main objective of this review is to provide the recent information on the environmental factors, such as temperature, heat and drought, influence the growth and development, morphology and physio-chemical alteration associated with cotton. Furthermore, recent advancement in cotton breeding to combat the serious threat of drought and heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ali Abro
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Muhammad Umer Javwad
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Mjie Zhang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, China/National Nanfan, Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, China/National Nanfan, Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | | | - Ehab A. A. Salama
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641003, India
- Agricultural Botany Department (Genetics), Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. A. Ahmed
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture - Medicinal and Aromatic Plants), Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
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Alharbi K, Hafez EM, Omara AED, Osman HS. Mitigating Osmotic Stress and Enhancing Developmental Productivity Processes in Cotton through Integrative Use of Vermicompost and Cyanobacteria. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091872. [PMID: 37176930 PMCID: PMC10180996 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent demand for biostimulant amendments that can sustainably alleviate osmotic stress. However, limited information is available about the integrated application of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract on cotton plants. In 2020 and 2021, two field experiments were carried out in which twelve combinations of three irrigation intervals were employed every 14 days (Irrig.14), 21 days (Irrig.21), and 28 days (Irrig.28) along with four amendment treatments (a control, vermicompost, cyanobacteria extract, and combination of vermicompost + cyanobacteria extract) in salt-affected soil. The integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract resulted in an observed improvement in the physicochemical attributes; non-enzymatic antioxidants (free amino acids, proline, total soluble sugars, and phenolics); and antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) and a decrease in the levels of oxidative damage indicators (H2O2 and MDA). Significant augmentation in the content of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid concentration, relative water content, stomatal conductance, and K+ was also observed. In conjunction with these findings, noticeable decreases in the content of Na+ and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the degree of lipid peroxidation (MDA) proved the efficacy of this technique. Consequently, the highest cotton yield and productivity as well as fiber quality were achieved when vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract were used together under increasing irrigation intervals in salt-affected soil. In conclusion, the integrated application of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract can be helpful for obtaining higher cotton productivity and fiber quality compared with the studied control and the individual applications of the vermicompost or the cyanobacteria extract under increasing irrigation intervals within salt-affected soil. Additionally, it can also help alleviate the harmful impact of these abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad M Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Dein Omara
- Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt
| | - Hany S Osman
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shubra, Cairo 11241, Egypt
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Jareczek JJ, Grover CE, Wendel JF. Cotton fiber as a model for understanding shifts in cell development under domestication. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1146802. [PMID: 36938017 PMCID: PMC10017751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1146802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fiber provides the predominant plant textile in the world, and it is also a model for plant cell wall biosynthesis. The development of the single-celled cotton fiber takes place across several overlapping but discrete stages, including fiber initiation, elongation, the transition from elongation to secondary cell wall formation, cell wall thickening, and maturation and cell death. During each stage, the developing fiber undergoes a complex restructuring of genome-wide gene expression change and physiological/biosynthetic processes, which ultimately generate a strikingly elongated and nearly pure cellulose product that forms the basis of the global cotton industry. Here, we provide an overview of this developmental process focusing both on its temporal as well as evolutionary dimensions. We suggest potential avenues for further improvement of cotton as a crop plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef J. Jareczek
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Biology Department, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Corrinne E. Grover
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jonathan F. Wendel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Yu K, Ju F, Wang Z, Sun L, Huo Y, Zhu J, Pang J, Ali S, Chen W, Wang S, Zhou Z, Tang Q, Chen B. Potassium ameliorates cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber length by regulating osmotic and K + /Na + homeostasis under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13842. [PMID: 36543752 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) application can alleviate cotton salt stress, but the regulatory mechanisms affecting cotton fiber elongation and ion homeostasis are still unclear. A two-year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of K on the osmolyte contents (soluble sugar, K+ content, and malate) and related enzyme activities during the fiber elongation of two cotton cultivars with contrasting salt sensitivity (CCRI-79; salt tolerant cultivar, and Simian 3; salt-sensitive cultivar). Three K application treatments (0, 150, and 300 kg K2 O ha-1 ) were applied at three soil salinity levels (low salinity, EC = 1.73 ± 0.05 dS m-1 ; medium salinity, EC = 6.32 ± 0.10 dS m-1 ; high salinity, EC = 10.84 ± 0.24 dS m-1 ). K application improved fiber length and alleviated salt stress by increasing the maximum velocity of fiber elongation (Vmax ). The increase rate of K on fiber length decreased with elevating salt stress, and the increase rate of K on Vmax of CCRI-79 was greater than that of Simian3. K application can increase the enzyme activities (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, PEPC, E.C. 4.1.1.31; pyrophosphatase, PPase, E.C. 3.6.1.1; and plasma membrane H+ -ATPase, PM H+ -ATPase, E.C. 3.6.3.14) as well as the content of osmolytes associated with the enzymes mentioned above. K increased the osmolyte contents under salt stress, and the increase in the K+ content of the fibers was much higher than that of soluble sugar and malate. The results of this study indicated K fertilizer application rates regulate the metabolism of osmolytes in cotton fiber development under salt stress, K+ is more critical to fiber elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Ju
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Sun
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Huo
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Zhu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Pang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Saif Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Weiping Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Tang
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Binglin Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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