The production of Newcastle disease virus-like particles in Nicotiana benthamiana as potential vaccines

Virus-like particles in poultry disease: an approach to effective and safe vaccination

The poultry industry, a cornerstone of global food security, faces dynamic challenges exacerbated by viral diseases. This review traces the trajectory of poultry vaccination, evolving from traditional methods to the forefront of innovation Virus-Like Particle (VLP) vaccines. Vaccination has been pivotal in disease control, but traditional vaccines exhibit some limitations. This review examines the emergence of VLPs as a game-changer in poultry vaccination. VLPs, mimicking viruses without replication, offer a safer, targeted alternative with enhanced immunogenicity. The narrative encompasses VLP design principles, production methods, immunogenicity, and efficacy against major poultry viruses. Challenges and prospects are explored, presenting VLP vaccines as a transformative technique in poultry disease control. Understanding their potential empowers industry stakeholders to navigate poultry health management with precision, promising improved welfare, reduced economic losses, and heightened food safety.

Virus-like particles (VLPs): A promising platform for combating against Newcastle disease virus

The global poultry industry plays a pivotal role in providing eggs and meat for human consumption. However, outbreaks of viral disease, especially Newcastle virus disease (NDV), within poultry farms have detrimental effects on various zootechnical parameters, such as body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, as well as the quality of egg and meat production. Cases of vaccine failure have been reported in regions where highly pathogenic strains of NDV are prevalent. To tackle this challenge, virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as a potential solution. VLPs closely resemble natural viruses, offering biocompatibility and immune-stimulating properties that make them highly promising for therapeutic applications against NDV. Hence, this review emphasizes the significance of NDV and the need for effective treatments. The manuscript will contain several key aspects, starting with an exploration of the structure and properties of NDV. Subsequently, the paper will delve into the characteristics and benefits of VLPs compared to conventional drug delivery systems. A comprehensive analysis of VLPs as potential vaccine candidates targeting NDV will be presented, along with a discussion on strategies for loading cargo into these NDV-targeting VLPs. The review will also examine various expression systems utilized in the production of NDV-targeting VLPs. Additionally, the manuscript will address future prospects and challenges in the field, concluding with recommendations for further research.