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Weerachatyanukul W, Pooljun C, Hirono I, Kondo H, Chotwiwatthanakun C, Jariyapong P. Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus-like particle (IHHNV-VLP) induces peroxiredoxin expression and activity in Fenneropenaeus merguiensis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 121:53-61. [PMID: 34922018 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Virus like particles (VLPs) are non-infectious nanoparticles containing repetitive, high density viral epitopes on the surface and can prevent viral infections in aquatic animals. Here, we evaluated the immuno-stimulation effect of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus like particle (IHHNV-VLP) using a next generation sequencing in Fenneropenaeus merguiensis to identify the important immune-related genes that may prevent viral infection. The in situ target of IHHNV was predominantly found in gill tissue following IHHNV-VLP administration in juvenile shrimp. Comparative transcriptome analysis in the injected gills showed that there were 326 unigenes expressed differently than the mock-injected samples. One of the most differential genes between the two animal groups was the antioxidative gene, peroxiredoxin (FmPrx), that was up-regulated after 6 h post-VLP injection. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that this gene could be found among many shrimp species and was closely clustered among Prx families. The expression of FmPrx was also detected in all tissues examined, thus suggesting the multi-functional roles of this gene in many tissues. Administration of IHHNV-VLP in vivo led to a significant increase in peroxidase activity in gill tissue-approximately two-fold versus control animals; the WSSV copy number was significantly reduced. These data suggest that IHHNV-VLP exerts an immune-stimulating effect by enhancing the level of immune-related genes including FmPrx and its corresponding peroxidase activity, which are a well-known part of the shrimp innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Weerachatyanukul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chettupon Pooljun
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhonsrithammarat, 80160, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Aquaculture Technology and Innovation, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhonsrithammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | | | - Pitchanee Jariyapong
- Center of Excellence for Aquaculture Technology and Innovation, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhonsrithammarat, 80161, Thailand; Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhonsrithammarat, 80160, Thailand.
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Mazumder S, Rastogi R, Undale A, Arora K, Arora NM, Pratim B, Kumar D, Joseph A, Mali B, Arya VB, Kalyanaraman S, Mukherjee A, Gupta A, Potdar S, Roy SS, Parashar D, Paliwal J, Singh SK, Naqvi A, Srivastava A, Singh MK, Kumar D, Bansal S, Rautray S, Saini M, Jain K, Gupta R, Kundu PK. PRAK-03202: A triple antigen virus-like particle vaccine candidate against SARS CoV-2. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08124. [PMID: 34632131 PMCID: PMC8487870 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of safe and effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is a necessary response to coronavirus outbreak. Here, we developed PRAK-03202, the world's first triple antigen virus-like particle vaccine candidate, by cloning and transforming SARS-CoV-2 gene segments into a highly characterized S. cerevisiae-based D-Crypt™ platform, which induced SARS CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice. Immunization using three different doses of PRAK-03202 induced an antigen-specific (spike, envelope, and membrane proteins) humoral response and neutralizing potential. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from convalescent patients showed lymphocyte proliferation and elevated interferon levels suggestive of epitope conservation and induction of T helper 1-biased cellular immune response when exposed to PRAK-03202. These data support further clinical development and testing of PRAK-03202 for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Biswa Pratim
- Premas Biotech Private Limited, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Premas Biotech Private Limited, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | - Abyson Joseph
- Premas Biotech Private Limited, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | - Bhupesh Mali
- Premas Biotech Private Limited, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | | | | | | | - Aditi Gupta
- Premas Biotech Private Limited, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | - Swaroop Potdar
- Premas Biotech Private Limited, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | | | | | - Jeny Paliwal
- Premas Biotech Private Limited, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | | | - Aelia Naqvi
- Premas Biotech Private Limited, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | | | | | - Devanand Kumar
- Premas Biotech Private Limited, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | - Sarthi Bansal
- Premas Biotech Private Limited, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | | | - Manish Saini
- Premas Biotech Private Limited, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | - Kshipra Jain
- Premas Biotech Private Limited, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | - Reeshu Gupta
- Premas Biotech Private Limited, Manesar, Gurugram, India
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Jeong H, Park Y, Song S, Min K, Woo JS, Lee YH, Sohn EJ, Lee S. Characterization of alfalfa mosaic virus capsid protein using Cryo-EM. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 559:161-167. [PMID: 33940388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
VLPs are virus-like particles that comprise viral capsid proteins that can self-assemble and mimic the shape and size of real viral particles; however, because they do not contain genetic material they cannot infect host cells. VLPs have great potential as safe drug/vehicle candidates; therefore, they are gaining popularity in the field of preventive medicine and therapeutics. Indeed, extensive studies are underway to examine their role as carriers for immunization and as vehicles for delivery of therapeutic agents. Here, we examined the possibility of developing VLP-utilizing technology based on an efficient VLP production process and high-resolution structural analysis. Nicotiana benthamiana was used as an expression platform to produce the coat protein of the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV-CP). About 250 mg/kg of rAMV-CP was produced from Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Structural analysis revealed that the oligomeric status of rAMV-CP changed according to the composition and pH of the buffer. Size exclusion chromatography and electron microscopy analysis confirmed the optimal conditions for rAMV-CP VLP formation, and a 2.4 Å resolution structure was confirmed by cryo-EM analysis. Based on the efficient protein production, VLP manufacturing technology, and high-resolution structure presented herein, we suggest that rAMV-CP VLP is a useful platform for development of various new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongseop Jeong
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute 161, Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Chengwon-gu, Chengju-si, Chungchengbuk-do, 28119, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Park
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, 37668, South Korea
| | - Sooji Song
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, 37668, South Korea
| | - Kyungmin Min
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, 37668, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Woo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute 161, Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Chengwon-gu, Chengju-si, Chungchengbuk-do, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Sohn
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, 37668, South Korea.
| | - Sangmin Lee
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro Nam-gu, Pohang, 37668, South Korea.
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Weerachatyanukul W, Chotwiwatthanakun C, Jariyapong P. Dual VP28 and VP37 dsRNA encapsulation in IHHNV virus-like particles enhances shrimp protection against white spot syndrome virus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 113:89-95. [PMID: 33823247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulative evidence of using double stranded (ds) RNA encapsulated into virus like particle (VLP) nanocarrier has open feasibility to fight against shrimp viral infection in aquaculture field. In this study, we co-encapsulated VP37 and VP28 dsRNA into hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) like particle and investigated its protection against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Five micrograms of each dsRNA were used as starting materials to load into VLP, while the loading efficiency was slightly different, i.e, VP37 dsRNA had somewhat a better load into VLP's cavity. It was apparent that co-encapsulation of dual dsRNA showed a superior WSSV silencing ability than the single dsRNA counterpart as evidence by the lower WSSV gene expression and its copy number in the gill tissues. Besides, we also demonstrated that co-encapsulated dual dsRNA into IHHNV-VLP stimulated the increased number of hemocytes and the corresponding PO activity as well as up-regulated proPO gene expression in hemocytes to resist viral invasion after an acute stage of WSSV infection. This synergistic action of dual dsRNA encapsulated into IHHNV-VLPs could thus act to delay time of shrimp death and reduced shrimp cumulative mortality greater than the single, naked dsRNA treatment and positive control groups. The obtaining results would encourage the feasibility to use it as a new weapon to fight WSSV infection in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Weerachatyanukul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Phyathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Charoonroj Chotwiwatthanakun
- Academic and Curriculum Division, Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan, 60130, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Phyathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pitchanee Jariyapong
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhonsrithammarat, 80161, Thailand.
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Xia L, Luo G, Wu M, Wang L, Zhang N, Wu C, Yin Y. Self-assembled raccoon dog parvovirus VP2 protein confers immunity against RDPV disease in raccoon dogs: in vitro and in vivo studies. Virol J 2021; 18:79. [PMID: 33858464 PMCID: PMC8047598 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raccoon dog parvovirus (RDPV) causes acute infectious diseases in raccoon dogs and may cause death in severe cases. The current treatment strategy relies on the extensive usage of classical inactivated vaccine which is marred by large doses, short immunization cycles and safety concerns. METHODS The present study aimed at optimization of RDPV VP2 gene, subcloning the gene into plasmid pET30a, and its subsequent transfer to Escherichia coli with trigger factor 16 for co-expression. The protein thus expressed was purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic chromatography, and endotoxin extraction procedures. VLPs were examined by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and the efficacy of VLPs vaccine was tested in vivo. RESULTS Results indicated that RDPV VP2 protein could be expressed soluble. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering results indicated that RDPV VP2 self-assembled into VLPs. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers elicited by Al(OH)3 adjuvanted RDPV VLPs were comparable with RDPV inactivated vaccines, and the viral loads in the blood of the struck raccoon dogs were greatly reduced. Hematoxylin and eosin and Immunohistochemical results indicated that RDPV VLPs vaccine could protect raccoon dogs against RDPV infections. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that RDPV VLPs can become a potential vaccine candidate for RDPV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linya Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Guoliang Luo
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Mingjie Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Congmei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yuhe Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Garg H, Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz T, Ruddy GM, Joshi A. Capsid containing virus like particle vaccine against Zika virus made from a stable cell line. Vaccine 2019; 37:7123-7131. [PMID: 31607605 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus infection during pregnancy is associated with severe birth defects including microcephaly in the new born. The lack of specific treatment calls for the development of a safe and effective vaccine for use in pregnant women. We recently tested the efficacy of a Virus Like Particle (VLP) vaccine for Zika virus in mice and found that Capsid-preMembrane-Env (CprME) VLPs generated a better neutralizing antibody response than preMembrane-Env (prME) VLPs. The superiority of CprME VLPs suggested that inclusion of capsid in the vaccine may enhance the immune response. However, production of CprME VLPs requires co-expression of NS2B-3 protease, which creates a major hurdle for generation of stable cell lines. To overcome this limitation, we generated a bicistronic vector that expresses CprME and NS2B-3 using an IRES sequence. This bicistronic expression cassette, in a lentiviral vector, was used to create a stable cell line that constitutively secretes CprME VLPs. The expression of NS2B-3, presence of capsid in the secreted VLPs, efficiency of VLP release, and stability of the cell line was extensively tested. Antigen sparing studies in mice using prME and CprME VLPs, both derived from stable cell lines, confirmed the superiority of CprME VLPs in generation of neutralizing antibody response. Capsid specific antibodies were detected in CprME VLP immunized mice providing mechanistic insights into the superiority of these VLPs. Challenge of CprME VLP immunized mice with Zika PRVABC59 showed complete protection against day 3 viremia further validating the efficacy of the vaccine. Our study is the first to generate a stable cell line secreting Zika CprME VLPs via natural NS2B-3 cleavage, demonstrate incorporation of capsid in CprME VLPs and complete protection in challenge studies. This is a major advancement for the Zika vaccine platform that is safe for use in pregnant women and readily scalable for use in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Garg
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - Tugba Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Gregory M Ruddy
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Anjali Joshi
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
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Tao P, Zhu J, Mahalingam M, Batra H, Rao VB. Bacteriophage T4 nanoparticles for vaccine delivery against infectious diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 145:57-72. [PMID: 29981801 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines containing one or more target antigens from pathogenic organisms represent safer alternatives to whole pathogen vaccines. However, the antigens by themselves are not sufficiently immunogenic and require additives known as adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Assembly of the antigens into virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) is a better approach as it allows presentation of the epitopes in a more native context. The repetitive, symmetrical, and high density display of antigens on the VLPs mimic pathogen-associated molecular patterns seen on bacteria and viruses. The antigens, thus, might be better presented to stimulate host's innate as well as adaptive immune systems thereby eliciting both humoral and cellular immune responses. Bacteriophages such as phage T4 provide excellent platforms to generate the nanoparticle vaccines. The T4 capsid containing two non-essential outer proteins Soc and Hoc allow high density array of antigen epitopes in the form of peptides, domains, full-length proteins, or even multi-subunit complexes. Co-delivery of DNAs, targeting molecules, and/or molecular adjuvants provides additional advantages. Recent studies demonstrate that the phage T4 VLPs are highly immunogenic, do not need an adjuvant, and provide complete protection against bacterial and viral pathogens. Thus, phage T4 could potentially be developed as a "universal" VLP platform to design future multivalent vaccines against complex and emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tao
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Jingen Zhu
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Marthandan Mahalingam
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Himanshu Batra
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Venigalla B Rao
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
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Ji P, Liu Y, Chen Y, Wang A, Jiang D, Zhao B, Wang J, Chai S, Zhou E, Zhang G. Porcine parvovirus capsid protein expressed in Escherichia coli self-assembles into virus-like particles with high immunogenicity in mice and guinea pigs. Antiviral Res 2017; 139:146-152. [PMID: 28063996 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a causative agent of reproductive failure in pregnant sows. Classical inactivated vaccine is extensively used to control PPV infection, but problems concerning safety, such as incomplete inactivation may occur. In this study, a novel subunit vaccine against PPV based on virus-like particles (VLPs) formed from the complete PPV VP2 protein expressed in a prokaryotic system with co-expressed chaperones is reported. The VLPs have a similar size, shape, and hemagglutination property to the PPV. Immunization with these VLPs stimulated the neutralization antibody and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses in mice and guinea pigs. The lymphocyte proliferation response and cytokine secretion was also induced in immunized guinea pigs comparable to those immunized with PPV inactivated vaccine. In addition, immunization with VLPs also significantly reduced the PPV content in the spleen of guinea pigs 14 days after the challenge with intact virus. These studies suggest that PPV VLPs created as described here could be a potential candidate for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Baolei Zhao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jvcai Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shujun Chai
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Enmin Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Shahana PV, Das D, Gontu A, Chandran D, Maithal K. Efficient production of Tymo virus like particles displaying immunodominant epitopes of Japanese Encephalitis Virus envelope protein. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 113:35-43. [PMID: 25959459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito borne arboviral infection caused by Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV). It is a major cause of viral encephalitis in Asian countries including India. In the present study, we have used a Tymovirus [i.e. Physalis Mottle Virus (PhMV) coat protein (CP)], which forms virus like particles (VLPs) as a template to display immunodominant epitopes of JEV envelope (E) protein. The immunodominant epitopes of JEV were inserted at the N-terminus of the wild type PhMV CP, and these constructs were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The chimeric proteins were purified from the inclusion bodies and evaluated for VLP formation. The purified protein was identified by Western blotting and VLP formation was studied and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Finally, the immunogenicity was studied in mice. Our results indicate that the chimeric protein with JEV epitopes assembled efficiently to form VLPs generating neutralizing antibodies. Hence, we report the purified chimeric VLP would be a potent vaccine candidate, which needs to be evaluated in a mouse challenge model.
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