1
|
Tang J, Ji X, Li A, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Effect of Persistent Salt Stress on the Physiology and Anatomy of Hybrid Walnut ( Juglans major × Juglans regia) Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1840. [PMID: 38999680 PMCID: PMC11244109 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization has become one of the major problems that threaten the ecological environment. The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of salt tolerance of hybrid walnuts (Juglans major × Juglans regia) under long-term salt stress through the dynamic changes of growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and anatomical structure. Our findings indicate that (1) salt stress inhibited seedling height and ground diameter increase, and (2) with increasing salt concentration, relative water content (RWC) decreased, and proline (Pro) and soluble sugar (SS) content increased. The Pro content reached a maximum of 549.64 μg/g on the 42nd day. The increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (46.80-117.16%), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenol content (TPC) under salt stress reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). (3) Increasing salt concentration led to increases and subsequent decreases in the thickness of palisade tissues, spongy tissues, leaves, and leaf vascular bundle diameter. Upper and lower skin thickness, root periderm thickness, root diameter, root cortex thickness, and root vascular bundle diameter showed different patterns of change at varying stress concentrations and durations. Overall, the study concluded that salt stress enhanced the antireactive oxygen system, increased levels of osmotic regulators, and low salt concentrations promoted leaf and root anatomy, but that under long-term exposure to high salt levels, leaf anatomy was severely damaged. For the first time, this study combined the anatomical structure of the vegetative organ of hybrid walnut with physiology and biochemistry, which is of great significance for addressing the challenge of walnut salt stress and expanding the planting area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xinying Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Junpei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang HY, Wang X, Wang XN, Liu HF, Zhang TT, Wang DR, Liu GD, Liu YQ, Song XH, Zhang Z, You C. Brassinosteroids biosynthetic gene MdBR6OX2 regulates salt stress tolerance in both apple and Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108767. [PMID: 38797009 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is a critical limiting factor for fruit yield and quality of apples. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play an important role in response to abiotic stresses. In the present study, application of 2,4- Epicastasterone on seedlings of Malus 'M9T337' and Malus domestica 'Gala3' alleviated the physiological effects, such as growth inhibition and leaf yellowing, induced by salt stress. Further analysis revealed that treatment with NaCl induced expression of genes involved in BR biosynthesis in 'M9T337' and 'Gala3'. Among which, the expression of BR biosynthetic gene MdBR6OX2 showed a three-fold upregulation upon salt treatment, suggesting its potential role in response to salt stress in apple. MdBR6OX2, belonging to the CYP450 family, contains a signal peptide region and a P450 domain. Expression patterns analysis showed that the expression of MdBR6OX2 can be significantly induced by different abiotic stresses. Overexpressing MdBR6OX2 enhanced the tolerance of apple callis to salt stress, and the contents of endogenous BR-related compounds, such as Typhastero (TY), Castasterone (CS) and Brassinolide (BL) were significantly increased in transgenic calli compared with that of wild-type. Extopic expression of MdBR6OX2 enhanced tolerance to salt stress in Arabidopsis. Genes associated with salt stress were significantly up-regulated, and the contents of BR-related compounds were significantly elevated under salt stress. Our data revealed that BR-biosynthetic gene MdBR6OX2 positively regulates salt stress tolerance in both apple calli and Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yuan Zhang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hao-Feng Liu
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Da-Ru Wang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-Dong Liu
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Qi Liu
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Song
- Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhenlu Zhang
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Chunxiang You
- Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khalifa AM, Safhi FA, Elsherif DE. Green synthesis of a dual-functional sulfur nanofertilizer to promote growth and enhance salt stress resilience in faba bean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:607. [PMID: 38926889 PMCID: PMC11202339 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is a major abiotic stress, and the use of saline water in the agricultural sector will incur greater demand under the current and future climate changing scenarios. The objective of this study was to develop a dual-functional nanofertilizer capable of releasing a micronutrient that nourishes plant growth while enhancing salt stress resilience in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). RESULTS Moringa oleifera leaf extract was used to synthesize sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs), which were applied as a foliar spray at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/l) to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress (150 mM NaCl) on faba bean plants. The SNPs were characterized and found to be spherical in shape with an average size of 10.98 ± 2.91 nm. The results showed that salt stress had detrimental effects on the growth and photosynthetic performance (Fv/Fm) of faba bean compared with control, while foliar spraying with SNPs improved these parameters under salinity stress. SNPs application also increased the levels of osmolytes (soluble sugars, amino acids, proline, and glycine betaine) and nonenzymatic antioxidants, while reducing the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA and H2O2). Moreover, SNPs treatment under salinity stress stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO)) and upregulated the expression of stress-responsive genes: chlorophyll a-b binding protein of LHCII type 1-like (Lhcb1), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain-like (RbcL), cell wall invertase I (CWINV1), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), and ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1 (ERF1), with the greatest upregulation observed at 50 mg/l SNPs. CONCLUSION Overall, foliar application of sulfur nanofertilizers in agriculture could improve productivity while minimizing the deleterious effects of salt stress on plants. Therefore, this study provides a strong foundation for future research focused on evaluating the replacement of conventional sulfur-containing fertilizers with their nanoforms to reduce the harmful effects of salinity stress and enhance the productivity of faba beans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Khalifa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatmah A Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa E Elsherif
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maslennikova D, Knyazeva I, Vershinina O, Titenkov A, Lastochkina O. Contribution of Antioxidant System Components to the Long-Term Physiological and Protective Effect of Salicylic Acid on Wheat under Salinity Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1569. [PMID: 38891377 PMCID: PMC11174383 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development and mitigating the negative effects of various stresses, including salinity. In this study, the effect of 50 μM SA on the physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat plants under normal and stress conditions was investigated. The results showed that on the 28th day of the growing season, SA pretreatment continued to stimulate the growth of wheat plants. This was evident through an increase in shoot length and leaf area, with the regulation of leaf blade width playing a significant role in this effect. Additionally, SA improved photosynthesis by increasing the content of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and carotenoids (Car), resulting in an increased TAP (total amount of pigments) index in the leaves. Furthermore, SA treatment led to a balanced increase in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the leaves, accompanied by a slight but significant accumulation of ascorbic acid (ASA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, and the activation of glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Exposure to salt stress for 28 days resulted in a reduction in length and leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, and GSH and ASA content in wheat leaves. It also led to the accumulation of H2O2 and proline and significant activation of GR and APX. However, SA pretreatment exhibited a long-term growth-stimulating and protective effect under stress conditions. It significantly mitigated the negative impacts of salinity on leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, proline accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and H2O2. Furthermore, SA reduced the salinity-induced depletion of GSH and ASA levels, which was associated with the modulation of GR and APX activities. In small-scale field experiments conducted under natural growing conditions, pre-sowing seed treatment with 50 μM SA improved the main indicators of grain yield and increased the content of essential amino acids in wheat grains. Thus, SA pretreatment can be considered an effective approach for providing prolonged protection to wheat plants under salinity and improving grain yield and quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Maslennikova
- Ufa Federal Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Inna Knyazeva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM», 109428 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (O.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Oksana Vershinina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM», 109428 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (O.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Andrey Titenkov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM», 109428 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (O.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Oksana Lastochkina
- Ufa Federal Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ntanasi T, Karavidas I, Spyrou GP, Giannothanasis E, Aliferis KA, Saitanis C, Fotopoulos V, Sabatino L, Savvas D, Ntatsi G. Plant Biostimulants Enhance Tomato Resilience to Salinity Stress: Insights from Two Greek Landraces. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1404. [PMID: 38794474 PMCID: PMC11125247 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Salinity, one of the major abiotic stresses in plants, significantly hampers germination, photosynthesis, biomass production, nutrient balance, and yield of staple crops. To mitigate the impact of such stress without compromising yield and quality, sustainable agronomic practices are required. Among these practices, seaweed extracts (SWEs) and microbial biostimulants (PGRBs) have emerged as important categories of plant biostimulants (PBs). This research aimed at elucidating the effects on growth, yield, quality, and nutrient status of two Greek tomato landraces ('Tomataki' and 'Thessaloniki') following treatments with the Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract 'Algastar' and the PGPB 'Nitrostim' formulation. Plants were subjected to bi-weekly applications of biostimulants and supplied with two nutrient solutions: 0.5 mM (control) and 30 mM NaCl. The results revealed that the different mode(s) of action of the two PBs impacted the tolerance of the different landraces, since 'Tomataki' was benefited only from the SWE application while 'Thessaloniki' showed significant increase in fruit numbers and average fruit weight with the application of both PBs at 0.5 and 30 mM NaCl in the root zone. In conclusion, the stress induced by salinity can be mitigated by increasing tomato tolerance through the application of PBs, a sustainable tool for productivity enhancement, which aligns well with the strategy of the European Green Deal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Ntanasi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (T.N.); (I.K.); (G.P.S.); (E.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Ioannis Karavidas
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (T.N.); (I.K.); (G.P.S.); (E.G.); (D.S.)
| | - George P. Spyrou
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (T.N.); (I.K.); (G.P.S.); (E.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Evangelos Giannothanasis
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (T.N.); (I.K.); (G.P.S.); (E.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Konstantinos A. Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Costas Saitanis
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science Cyprus University of Technology, P.O. Box 50329, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus;
| | - Leo Sabatino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Dimitrios Savvas
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (T.N.); (I.K.); (G.P.S.); (E.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (T.N.); (I.K.); (G.P.S.); (E.G.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pacheco-Sangerman F, Gómez-Merino FC, Peralta-Sánchez MG, Trejo-Téllez LI. Sulfated Nutrition Modifies Nutrient Content and Photosynthetic Pigment Concentration in Cabbage under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1337. [PMID: 38794408 PMCID: PMC11124958 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Negative effects of salt stress may be counteracted by adequate management of sulfated nutrition. Herein, we applied 3.50, 4.25, and 5.00 mM SO42- in a nutrient solution to counteract salt stress induced by 75 and 150 mM NaCl in cabbage cv. Royal. The increase in NaCl concentration from 75 to 150 mM reduced the contents of macronutrients and micronutrients in the shoot. When increasing from 3.50 to 4.25 mM SO42-, the contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) in shoots were enhanced, at both concentrations of NaCl. Increasing from 3.50 to 4.25 mM SO42- enhanced iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and sodium (Na) concentrations with 75 mM NaCl. With 150 mM NaCl, the increase from 3.50 to 4.25 mM SO42- enhanced the contents of Cu and Mn, but also those of Na. Chlorophylls a, b, and total decreased as the concentration of SO42- increased in plants treated with 150 mM NaCl. With 75 mM NaCl, carotenoid concentration had a positive relationship with SO42-. Hence, the 4.25 mM SO42- concentration increased the contents of macronutrients and micronutrients in the presence of 75 mM NaCl, while, with 150 mM NaCl, it improved the contents of macronutrients except K. The chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio remained close to 3 when the plants were treated with 5.00 mM SO42-, regardless of NaCl. Similarly, this level of SO42- increased the concentration of carotenoids, which translated into reductions in the total chlorophyll/carotenoid ratios, indicating a protective effect of the photosynthetic apparatus. It is concluded that higher doses of sulfur favor the accumulation of nutrients and increase the concentration of carotenoids under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fresia Pacheco-Sangerman
- Programa de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Carretera México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo C. P. 56264, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino
- Programa de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Fisiología Vegetal, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Carretera México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo C. P. 56264, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Peralta-Sánchez
- Programa de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Carretera México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo C. P. 56264, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Libia I Trejo-Téllez
- Programa de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Carretera México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo C. P. 56264, Estado de México, Mexico
- Programa de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Fisiología Vegetal, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Carretera México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo C. P. 56264, Estado de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma Y, Zheng C, Bo Y, Song C, Zhu F. Improving crop salt tolerance through soil legacy effects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1396754. [PMID: 38799102 PMCID: PMC11116649 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1396754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization poses a critical problem, adversely affecting plant development and sustainable agriculture. Plants can produce soil legacy effects through interactions with the soil environments. Salt tolerance of plants in saline soils is not only determined by their own stress tolerance but is also closely related to soil legacy effects. Creating positive soil legacy effects for crops, thereby alleviating crop salt stress, presents a new perspective for improving soil conditions and increasing productivity in saline farmlands. Firstly, the formation and role of soil legacy effects in natural ecosystems are summarized. Then, the processes by which plants and soil microbial assistance respond to salt stress are outlined, as well as the potential soil legacy effects they may produce. Using this as a foundation, proposed the application of salt tolerance mechanisms related to soil legacy effects in natural ecosystems to saline farmlands production. One aspect involves leveraging the soil legacy effects created by plants to cope with salt stress, including the direct use of halophytes and salt-tolerant crops and the design of cropping patterns with the specific crop functional groups. Another aspect focuses on the utilization of soil legacy effects created synergistically by soil microorganisms. This includes the inoculation of specific strains, functional microbiota, entire soil which legacy with beneficial microorganisms and tolerant substances, as well as the application of novel technologies such as direct use of rhizosphere secretions or microbial transmission mechanisms. These approaches capitalize on the characteristics of beneficial microorganisms to help crops against salinity. Consequently, we concluded that by the screening suitable salt-tolerant crops, the development rational cropping patterns, and the inoculation of safe functional soils, positive soil legacy effects could be created to enhance crop salt tolerance. It could also improve the practical significance of soil legacy effects in the application of saline farmlands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yukun Bo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunxu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development, Quzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Inayat H, Mehmood H, Danish S, Alharbi SA, Ansari MJ, Datta R. Impact of cobalt and proline foliar application for alleviation of salinity stress in radish. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:287. [PMID: 38627664 PMCID: PMC11020780 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Salinity stress ranks among the most prevalent stress globally, contributing to soil deterioration. Its negative impacts on crop productivity stem from mechanisms such as osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidative stress, all of which impede plant growth and yield. The effect of cobalt with proline on mitigating salinity impact in radish plants is still unclear. That's why the current study was conducted with aim to explore the impact of different levels of Co and proline on radish cultivated in salt affected soils. There were four levels of cobalt, i.e., (0, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L) applied as CoSO4 and two levels of proline (0 and 0.25 mM), which were applied as foliar. The treatments were applied in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed that 20 CoSO4 with proline showed improvement in shoot length (∼ 20%), root length (∼ 23%), plant dry weight (∼ 19%), and plant fresh weight (∼ 41%) compared to control. The significant increase in chlorophyll, physiological and biochemical attributes of radish plants compared to the control confirms the efficacy of 20 CoSO4 in conjunction with 10 mg/L proline for mitigating salinity stress. In conclusion, application of cobalt with proline can help to alleviate salinity stress in radish plants. However, multiple location experiments with various levels of cobalt and proline still needs in-depth investigations to validate the current findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hira Inayat
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, India
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gill S, Ramzan M, Naz G, Ali L, Danish S, Ansari MJ, Salmen SH. Effect of silicon nanoparticle-based biochar on wheat growth, antioxidants and nutrients concentration under salinity stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6380. [PMID: 38493184 PMCID: PMC10944501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, salinity is an important abiotic stress in agriculture. It induced oxidative stress and nutritional imbalance in plants, resulting in poor crop productivity. Applying silicon (Si) can improve the uptake of macronutrients. On the other hand, using biochar as a soil amendment can also decrease salinity stress due to its high porosity, cation exchange capacity, and water-holding capacity. That's why the current experiment was conducted with novelty to explore the impact of silicon nanoparticle-based biochar (Si-BC) on wheat cultivated on salt-affected soil. There were 3 levels of Si-BC, i.e., control (0), 1% Si-BC1, and 2.5% Si-BC2 applied in 3 replicates under 0 and 200 mM NaCl following a completely randomized design. Results showed that treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 performed significantly better for the enhancement in shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, number of leaves, number of tillers, number of spikelets, spike length, spike fresh and dry weight compared to control under no stress and salinity stress (200 mM NaCl). A significant enhancement in chlorophyll a (~ 18%), chlorophyll b (~ 22%), total chlorophyll (~ 20%), carotenoid (~ 60%), relative water contents (~ 58%) also signified the effectiveness of treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 than control under 200 mM NaCl. In conclusion, treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 can potentially mitigate the salinity stress in wheat by regulating antioxidants and improving N, K concentration, and gas exchange attributes while decreasing Na and Cl concentration and electrolyte leakage. More investigations at the field level are recommended for the declaration of treatment 2.5% Si-BC2 as the best amendment for alleviating salinity stress in different crops under variable climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Gill
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Musarrat Ramzan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Gul Naz
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, India, 244001
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Di Baccio D, Lorenzi A, Scartazza A, Rosellini I, Franchi E, Barbafieri M. Morphophysiological Characterisation of Guayule ( Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) in Response to Increasing NaCl Concentrations: Phytomanagement and Phytodesalinisation in Arid and Semiarid Areas. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:378. [PMID: 38337911 PMCID: PMC10856980 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Water and soil salinity continuously rises due to climate change and irrigation with reused waters. Guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) is a desert perennial shrub native to northern Mexico and the southwestern United States; it is known worldwide for rubber production and is suitable for cultivation in arid and semiarid regions, such as the Mediterranean. In the present study, we investigated the effects of high and increasing concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) on the growth and the morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of guayule to evaluate its tolerance to salt stress and suitability in phytomanagement and, eventually, the phytodesalinisation of salt-affected areas. Guayule originates from desert areas, but has not been found in salt-affected soils; thus, here, we tested the potential tolerance to salinity of this species, identifying the toxicity threshold and its possible sodium (Na) accumulation capacity. In a hydroponic floating root system, guayule seedlings were subjected to salinity-tolerance tests using increasing NaCl concentrations (from 2.5 to 40 g L-1 and from 43 to 684 mM). The first impairments in leaf morphophysiological traits appeared after adding 15 g L-1 (257 mM) NaCl, but the plants survived up to the hypersaline conditions of 35-40 g L-1 NaCl (about 600 mM). The distribution of major cell cations modulated the high Na content in the leaves, stems and roots; Na bioconcentration and translocation factors were close to one and greater than one, respectively. This is the first study on the morphophysiological and (bio)chemical response of guayule to different high and increasing levels of NaCl, showing the parameters and indices useful for identifying its salt tolerance threshold, adaptative mechanisms and reclamation potential in high-saline environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Baccio
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.L.); (A.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Aurora Lorenzi
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.L.); (A.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.L.); (A.S.); (I.R.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Irene Rosellini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.L.); (A.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Franchi
- Eni S.p.A., R&D Environmental & Biological Laboratories, Via Maritano 26, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
| | - Meri Barbafieri
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.L.); (A.S.); (I.R.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gu J, Yao S, Ma M. Maternal Effects of Habitats Induce Stronger Salt Tolerance in Early-Stage Offspring of Glycyrrhiza uralensis from Salinized Habitats Compared with Those from Non-Salinized Habitats. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:52. [PMID: 38275728 PMCID: PMC10813447 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
(1) Wild Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (licorice) seeds from different habitats are often mixed for cultivation. However, differences in the responses of seeds from different habitats to salt at the early-stage offspring stage are unclear. (2) Our objective was to evaluate the salt tolerance of G. uralensis germplasms by comparing differences in seed germination and seedling vigor in salinized (abandoned farmland and meadow) and non-salinized (corn farmland edge) soil habitats under different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations. (3) The germination rates and germination indexes of seeds from the two salinized habitats with 0-320 mmol·L-1 NaCl were higher and their germination initiation times were earlier. Only seeds from salinized habitats were able to elongate their germs at 240 mmol·L-1 NaCl. Seedlings from salinized habitats had higher fresh weights and relative water contents, while they exhibited lower accumulation of malondialdehyde and less cell electrolyte leakages. Under NaCl treatment, seedlings from the salinized habitats displayed higher superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase (SOD, CAT, and POD) activities and lower superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (O2- and H2O2) contents. Their comprehensive scores showed that the vigor of licorice seeds from salinized habitats was higher. (4) The salt tolerances of different wild G. uralensis seeds were different, and the offspring of licorice from salinized habitats had stronger early-stage salt tolerances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Plant Medicinal Resources Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.G.); (S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|